简单句并列句复杂句课堂
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Infinitive
be / feel / seem / look appear / lie
become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
pronoun
adj. / adv.
infinitive
V-ing / V-ed
4
There lies a book on the desk.
附属成分
基本成分的修饰语。可以是: ? 定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 ? 状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、 短语或从句。
定语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby . She likes oranges imported from the USA . John gave Mary many books ,which are full of illustrations . Have you seen the book on the desk ? The boy playing over there is my brother.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
主 语
谓 语
Vt
宾语
noun 宾语(直) 宾语(间) adj. / adv.
宾语 宾补
infinitive
V-l
表语
V-ing V-ed
Noun / Pronoun
noun etc.
The + adj V-ing / Clause
8
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的
词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做 并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于
另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫 从属连词。从
属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含 2个到4个基本成 分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他 的句子成分。
Stephen apologized at once.
英语句子概论
? 基本成分 ? 附属成分 ? 独立成分 ? 省略成分 ? 连接成分
? 简单句 ? 并列句 ? 复合句
1
简单句的五种基本句型
? 主语 + 不及物动词 ( S + Vi ) ? 主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 ( S + Vt + O) ? 主语 + 系动词 + 表 (S + LV + predicative) ? 主语+双宾动词 +间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) ? 主语 + 宾补动词 +宾语 +宾语补语
As he was ill, he didn't come to class yesterday.
She is sitting at the desk , doing her homework .
My father worked in this school ten years ago .
You'd better stay here .
clause
etc.
3
简单句基本句型实例
主语 + 不及物动词 She came ./ My head aches. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 She likes English. 主语 + 系动词 + 主语补语 She is happy . 主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 She gave John a book . She bought a book for me. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry . The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be
? (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)
?There + be / stand/ lie / live...
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
2
Noun / Pronoun /
9
简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结 构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种 作用中的一种。 ? 作一种陈述 ? 提出一个问题 ? 发出一种命令或请求 ? 表示一种感叹
Examples:
The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.
The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.
6
独立成分
句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。 这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。
Examples:
Oh!What is that !(惊叹词)
He has ,alas ,failed again .
Come here ,John .(呼语)
Roll on ,Ocean ,roll on .
5
People there like sports.
状语
John often came to chat with me . John likes oranges very much .
Whenever he gets drunk ,John makes Mary very angry .
Hearing the news , he jumped with joy.
7
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
省略成分
句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示 一定的意思:
(You) Come here. (I wish you )Good luck ! Some gave him praises ,but others(gave him )rotten
eggs. He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.
be / feel / seem / look appear / lie
become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
pronoun
adj. / adv.
infinitive
V-ing / V-ed
4
There lies a book on the desk.
附属成分
基本成分的修饰语。可以是: ? 定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 ? 状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、 短语或从句。
定语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby . She likes oranges imported from the USA . John gave Mary many books ,which are full of illustrations . Have you seen the book on the desk ? The boy playing over there is my brother.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
主 语
谓 语
Vt
宾语
noun 宾语(直) 宾语(间) adj. / adv.
宾语 宾补
infinitive
V-l
表语
V-ing V-ed
Noun / Pronoun
noun etc.
The + adj V-ing / Clause
8
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的
词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做 并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于
另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫 从属连词。从
属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含 2个到4个基本成 分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他 的句子成分。
Stephen apologized at once.
英语句子概论
? 基本成分 ? 附属成分 ? 独立成分 ? 省略成分 ? 连接成分
? 简单句 ? 并列句 ? 复合句
1
简单句的五种基本句型
? 主语 + 不及物动词 ( S + Vi ) ? 主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 ( S + Vt + O) ? 主语 + 系动词 + 表 (S + LV + predicative) ? 主语+双宾动词 +间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) ? 主语 + 宾补动词 +宾语 +宾语补语
As he was ill, he didn't come to class yesterday.
She is sitting at the desk , doing her homework .
My father worked in this school ten years ago .
You'd better stay here .
clause
etc.
3
简单句基本句型实例
主语 + 不及物动词 She came ./ My head aches. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 She likes English. 主语 + 系动词 + 主语补语 She is happy . 主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 She gave John a book . She bought a book for me. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry . The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be
? (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)
?There + be / stand/ lie / live...
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
2
Noun / Pronoun /
9
简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结 构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种 作用中的一种。 ? 作一种陈述 ? 提出一个问题 ? 发出一种命令或请求 ? 表示一种感叹
Examples:
The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.
The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.
6
独立成分
句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。 这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。
Examples:
Oh!What is that !(惊叹词)
He has ,alas ,failed again .
Come here ,John .(呼语)
Roll on ,Ocean ,roll on .
5
People there like sports.
状语
John often came to chat with me . John likes oranges very much .
Whenever he gets drunk ,John makes Mary very angry .
Hearing the news , he jumped with joy.
7
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
省略成分
句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示 一定的意思:
(You) Come here. (I wish you )Good luck ! Some gave him praises ,but others(gave him )rotten
eggs. He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.