喷涂聚脲技术领域的新进展_聚天门冬氨酸酯聚脲_黄微波

HINA PAINT 2005.08

中国涂料

C

聚天门冬氨酸酯聚脲

黄微波，刘培礼，胡松霞，卢 敏（海洋化工研究院，青岛２６６０７１）

摘要：介绍了聚天门冬氨酸酯聚脲的主要构成，对比讨论了其特性、反应活性和材料性质，提供了施工应用参考配方。

关键词：喷涂聚脲；聚天门冬氨酸酯

中图分类号：ＴＱ６３７ 文献标识码：Ｂ 文章编号：１００６－２５５６（２００５）０８－００３６－０３

聚天门冬氨酸酯ＳＰＵＡ材料，是近年来聚脲工业领域出现的一种新型脂肪族、慢反应、高性能涂层材料，被称为第三代聚脲。可以制备高耐候性和耐化学腐蚀的防护涂

的诱导效应使得它在与ＨＤＩ三聚体的反应过程中，表现出“减速”作用。通过人为增加聚天门冬氨酸酯分子中空间冠状结构的位阻密度，就能够合成出降低反应活性、延长能聚丙烯ＨＤＩ三

具体

：聚天门

酸酯粘度

ＨＤＩ三聚

凝胶时工寿命可以从５　ｍｉｎ拓宽到２ｈ以

上；喷涂一道就可达到０．６ｍｍ；涂层表面无气孔产生；配方体系的可调节范围很宽；对紫外线有很好的耐受性，光泽持久、色彩稳定、不泛黄；喷涂时的材料损耗少；固体含量可以从７０％调节到１００％。

３反应活性

聚天门冬氨酸酯与ＨＤＩ三聚体的反应活性见表３。结果表明：两者的反应活性远远低于以往的脂肪族、芳香族扩链剂。因此，人们就可以按照施工季节的户外环境温

喷涂聚脲技术领域的新进展——

度，确定Ｂ料的组成，从而有效地掌握施工节奏和进度，大大提高施工效率，节约材料和费用。

天门冬氨酸酯与芳香族预聚物的反应活性如表４所示。从该表可以发现：空间位阻效应、异氰酸酯种类对聚天门冬氨酸酯的反应活性影响很大。据此，可以按照配方设计的需要，人为地制备出凝胶时间在数分钟至数小时的喷涂体系，满足不同使用场合的需求。

表４中还有一个有趣的现象：聚天门冬氨酸酯与ＴＤＩ预聚物的反应活性远远低于它同ＭＤＩ预聚物的反应活性，这说明ＴＤＩ预聚物分子结构中ＮＣＯ的空间位阻效应比ＭＤＩ预聚物大得多，所以，其凝胶时间明显延长。

４材料性能

选择不同的聚天门冬氨酸酯与

ＮＣＯ含量为２０．５％的ＨＤＩ三聚体反应，所生成的ＳＰＵＡ材料的拉伸强度和伸长率差别很大，见表５。它表明　：含有环己烷结构的ＤｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎＮＨ　ＸＰ－７０６８和Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ１４２０样品的拉伸强度都在４５ＭＰａ以上，但断裂伸长率只有４％，基本上属于刚性材料。而含有直链烷烃结构的Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１２２０和Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　ＸＰ－７１６１样品的拉伸强度都只有（１２～１６）ＭＰａ，但是，其断裂伸长率比环己烷结构有了显著的提高。特别是不含侧甲基的Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　ＸＰ－７１６１样品，其断裂伸长率达到了８４％，从而成为一种很有韧性的材料，这一点与通常的ＭＤＩ基ＳＰＵＡ材料差

别很大，主要原因系两者的相分离特性不同。

如果选择相同的聚天门冬氨酸酯与不同异氰酸酯结构、不同ＮＣＯ含量的芳香族预聚物进行反应，所生成的ＳＰＵＡ材料的拉伸强度和伸长率差别也很大，但基本上都表现为高弹性材料，见表６。

５应用实例

聚天门冬氨酸酯ＳＰＵＡ材料

表２几种天门冬氨酸酯的物理性能

表３

几种聚天门冬氨酸酯与ＨＤＩ三聚体的反应活性

Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１４２０Ｄｅｓｍｏｄｕｒ　ＸＰ－７１００２０２３Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１２２０Ｄｅｓｍｏｄｕｒ　ＸＰ－７１００１．５２Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　ＸＰ－７１６１Ｄｅｓｍｏｄｕｒ　ＸＰ－７１００１．５—ＣＬＥＡＲＬＩＮＫ（ｒ）１０００Ｄｅｓｍｏｄｕｒ　ＸＰ－７１００

１５ｓ

—表４ 几种天门冬氨酸酯与芳香族预聚物的反应活性

Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１４２０ＭＤＩ预聚物（１６％）５—Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１４２０ＴＤＩ预聚物（３％）４０～６０９０表５ 聚天门冬氨酸酯对２０．５％的ＨＤＩ三聚体力学性能的影响＊

Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１４２０Ｄｅｓｍｏｄｕｒ　ＸＰ－７１００ ４６．６ ４Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１２２０Ｄｅｓｍｏｄｕｒ　ＸＰ－７１００ １６．０ ２３ ＊＊ＨＤＩ三聚体，ＮＣＯ含量２０．５％，粘度１　０００ｍＰａ．ｓ（２５℃）。

研制成功以来，得到了比脂肪族

ＳＰＵＡ材料更好的应用，应用领域主要在地坪施工和双组分、快速固化型面漆制备。施工聚天门冬氨酸酯地坪时，为便于涂料具有自流平性，配方设计的凝胶时间比较长，允许采用双组分物料先混合、后滚涂工艺进行施工；快速固化型面漆的施工，由于反应速度很快，通常需要使用ＳＰＵＡ专业设备。当然，也可以根据前面的介绍，设计出反

HINA PAINT 2005.08

中国涂料

C

表６ 异氰酸酯结构和ＮＣＯ含量对力学性能的影响

Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１４２０ＭＤＩ预聚物（８％）１７．１３６０Ｄｅｓｍｏｐｈｅｎ　ＮＨ　１４２０ＴＤＩ预聚物（３％）３．７４３０表７ 聚天门冬氨酸酯地坪涂料参考配方１及参数

表８ 聚天门冬氨酸酯地坪涂料参考配方２及参数

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