交通工程专业英语教学
交通工程双语教材的编著探讨
为任 课 老 师 ， 根 据 本 专业 课 程 的 知识 点 、 关 键 内容 的要 求 ，
、
积 极 思索 双语 教 材 的必要 性 ，结合 学生 对 双语 教材 的需 求 分析 ， 结合 ８ 年课 堂 教学 的 实践 中收集 的学生 反馈 意见 ， 在 全面 、 深 入进 行所 采 集 的 ２ ４次 的双 语教 学反 馈 调查 问卷 分 析 的基 础 上 ， 总 结交 通工 程专 业 的教 学特 点 ， 总结 该 讲议 材 料 的 ５年试 用 中 的经验 与教 训 ，任课 教 师杨 孝 宽与 贺玉 龙 开展 了《 交 通 工程 导论 （ 双语 ） 》 教 材 的写 作与 出版 工作 。 三、 《 交通 工程 总论 （ 双语 ） 》 双 语教 材 的编 写 １ ． 双 语教 材 的 编写 思 路 。编 著者 首 先考 虑 的 教材 的语 言选 择 ， 通 过对 本 专业 相关 双语 教 材 的调研 发现 ， 不少 双 语 教材 是 在各 种原 版教 材 的基 础上 ， 挑选 相关 章节 组 合 ， 提 供 中文 翻译 的双语 教材 。 但 是对 于交 通 工程 总论 来说 ， 其 中文 教材 是我 国“ 十一 五 ” 国家 级 规划 教材 ， 北京 市精 品 教材 ， 但 是 学 时安 排不 适 用 于双语 教 学 ；对美 国原 版 教材 翻译 的 方 法 也 不适 用 于此 双语 教材 ， 笔者 考 虑 ： 双语 教 学 的 目的是 提 高学生的英语专业知识 ，提供翻译版的教材只能让其继续 依 赖 于 中文 而非 有利 于其 专业 英 语知 识 的拓展 。基于 上述 因素 ， 笔 者确 定 了《 交 通工 程导 论 （ 双语 ） 》 的 编著 思路 ， 以英 文 作 为本 教材 的 主要 语言 ， 兼 顾 双语 教学 与便 于学 生 理解 ， 对 于其 中的关 键词 汇 与用 语进 行 了双 语对应 。 ２ ． 注重 国 际 国内 的规范 与标 准 的对 比 。 《 交通 工程 总论 （ 双语 ） 》双 语课 程 的建 设 的 目 标 之 一是 增加 学 生 的 国际视 野 与专 业 知识 交流 能力 。在此 目标 指导 下 ， 《 交通 工 程 总论 （ 双语 ） 》 教材 中加 强 了 国内外 行业 标 准与规 划 的对 比分 析 。 例 如 ，美 国的道 路分 级 标 准与 中 国道路 分级 标准 的对 比分 析。 同时 ， 在道 路 服务 水平 中 ， 也 增加 了对 比分 析 ， 美 国将 道 路服 务水 平 划分 为 ６ 级 服务 水平 ，而 我 国 目前是 将 道路 服 务水 平划 分 为 ４级 ， 为便 于学生 的理解 与掌 握 ， 在 教材 编 写 中提 供这 两 者划 分标 准 与等 级 的对 比 。 ３ ． 补充 行业 发 展 中 的重 点 知识 。《 交通 工 程 总论 （ 双 语） 》 双语 课程 的建设 的 目标 之一 是跟 踪行 业 发展 的最 新 趋 势与热点 问题 。 在此 目标指导下 ， 《 交通工程总论 （ 双语 ） 》 教 材 中增 加 了 目前 国 内专业 教材 中少有 的 “ 犹豫 区” 的概 念及 其 计量 方 法 的 内容 。该概 念对 交叉 口交通 信号 黄灯 配 时 与 路 口交 通 安全 起着 重 要 的影 响 。 目前 ， 我 国 已经在 全 国范 围 内开始 探 讨 闯黄灯 的执 法 可行 性 与有效 性 的讨 论 。 而“ 犹豫 区” 正是 闯黄 灯行 为 出现 的关 键 因素 。 本教 材所 补 充 的相关 重 点知 识 ，旨在实 现此 教材 在 行业 的最 新 发展态 势 下具 有 前 瞻性 与 时新 性 。 ４ ． 设立 中英文专业词汇表 。《 交通工程总论 （ 双语 ） 》 双 语 课程 教材 建设 的 目的是 为学 生提 供方 便地 感触 英 语教 学 环境 ，考虑 到交 通 工程 专业 英语 词 汇与 生活 英语 词 汇有 交 叉， 存 在着 一 词有 不 同专业 技术 方 面 的含义 ， 为加 深学 生 对 交通 工 程 的专业 词 汇 的理 解 ，在 编写 《 交 通 工程 总论 （ 双 语） 》 的双语 教材 的时 ， 特增 加 了一 份专业 词 汇 附表 ， 将 交 通 工 程专 业 中的 部分 关 键专 业 技 术 词汇 进 行 了与 中文 解 释 ，
《交通工程专业英语》课程思政建设
《交通工程专业英语》课程思政建设摘要：课程思政通过挖掘专业课程中的育人元素并将之融入至课程教学中，赋予课程新的灵魂，实现专业课程启智润心、培根铸魂的教育职能。
本文以《交通工程专业英语》课程思政建设为研究对象，在叙述课程基本情况后，着力讨论《交通工程专业英语》课程思政建设的实施思路、重点举措推进步骤以及创新点，对同类课程的课程思政建设具有一定的借鉴意义。
关键字：课程思政；《交通工程专业英语》一、《交通工程专业英语》课程的基本情况《交通工程专业英语》是铁道工程专业的专业基础课程，亦是大学英语的延续课程。
课程内容基于专业特点，在全面兼顾读、听、写、说、译的前提下，重点放在专业阅读能力的提升。
专业英语不仅是整个大学英语的一部分，而且也是专业课程的一部分，随着我国加入WTO，它将对学生服务于社会及交通土木工程科技与经济的发展起到重要的作用。
课程的教学目标是课程教学核心思想的体现，课程教学活动均应围绕教学目标系统性的开展，本课程的教学目标表主要体现在以下四个方面。
教学目标1（育人目标）：通过《交通工程专业英语》课程的学习，使学生掌握交通工程专业常用的英语词汇，能够熟练完成交通工程领域英文文献的读、听、写、说、译，课程通过典型轨道交通案例的引入，培养学生正确的工程伦理观，通过引入国内知名学者经历，激发学生爱国主义情怀，为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗；教学目标2：通过课程的学习，提升学生阅读外文文献的能力，利用理论知识解决工程应用问题；教学目标3：以国内外实际工程案例为对象，鉴于已学的知识，兼顾社会、健康、安全、法律与文化的影响，讨论实际工程问题的解决方案；教学目标4：通过国内外文献的阅读与正反两方面的经验教训，使学生了解遵守职业道德和规范的重要性。
二、《交通工程专业英语》课程思政实施思路《交通工程专业英语》课程思政的实施思路是整个课程思政建设的总纲，是课程建设顺利进行的有力保障，课程组在总结前期准备工作的基础上，设定了课程思政的实施思路，主要包括课程思政的文件与文献学习，课程思政纲领性内容确立、课程思政的实施方式分析、课程思政的育人元素挖掘与积累、课程思政的具体实施与反馈、课程思政的改进与延续。
交通工程专业英语
Unit1The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early functi on was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。
《交通工程专业英语》——浅谈城市轨道交通(英文版)
Urban Rail TransitAbstract: With the acceleration of urbanization and motorization，traffic congestion is rapidly becoming one of the important problems that constraint the development of urban city. On the basis of the current situation of urban transport systems, the paper aims at explaining the characteristics of rail transportation and discussing the great advantages that it has brought to urban construction on the aspects of environmental protection, efficiency, safety and so on .Keywords：Rail Transportation Metro Light Rail Sustainable DevelopmentThe development of modern urban transport has promoted large improvement of social productivity to meet the growing consumer demand for transport, and to boost the city's prosperity to mankind，thus has brought great wealth。
But road congestion，accidents, air and noise pollution，energy shortages and other issues come accordingly。
交通工程英语翻译
交通工程专业英语English in Traffic Engineering姓名: 刘笑笑班级：交工一班10号指导老师: 常丽君Driver Behavior and AccidentsSome types of improper driving as related to accidents can be the results of either willful or inadvertent errors. Unfortunately, it is not easy to discover which type of behavior has caused an accident.An October 1970 report by the U. S. Department of Transportation deals with this difficult problem and concludes: "the negligence law usually treats 'driver error' both avoidable and unreasonable, and imposes liability pursuant to an objective standard to which all drivers are held. But a review of the available research indicates that a significant gap exists between the standard of behavior required by the negligence law and the average behavior normally exhibited by most drivers."The report also says: "You will note that the standard of care required is that exercised by a person of reasonable and ordinary prudence, rather than that exercised by a person of extreme caution or exceptional skill. While exceptional skill is to be admired and encouraged, the law dose not demand it as a general standard of conduct. "Many programs of driver improvement seem to be based on an assumption of willful misbehavior and therefore concentrate on the multiple violator and accident repeater. However, studies by Campbell show that there 13 little evidence to support this position. Most accidents involve drivers with good records who have not had any previous serious crashes. In other words, the old concept of the ' accident-prone' driver is not supported by the facts.Each year traffic accidents seem to be distributed among the states m about the same proportion per millions of vehicle-miles driven. Raw numbers of fatal crashes occur more frequently during the summer and fall when there is more travel. These facts all seem to point to the conclusion that the more driving we do, the more the chance of an accident occurring increases, the more do occur. This would seem to argue for the major role of change in the distribution of fatal crashes. Undoubtedly, chance factors are acting, but each accident was caused and therefore could have been prevented.Since the majority of motor vehicle accidents occur in daylight on dry roads with sound vehicles, the causes seem to be with the drivers and the ways in which they interact with the roadway. The more that is understood about drivers, the more likely are traffic control and remedial efforts to be successful. Burg deal with this question and presents the following conclusions:（1）Biographical descriptors: A justification exists for differential licensing for both young and old drivers, and implementation of such a program is feasible. Not feasible, however, isdifferential licensing on the basis of such factors as marital status, education, or annual mileage, although research results would suggest such a move.(2)Chronic medical conditions: There is sufficient evidence relating certain serve medical conditions to accidents to suggest that short-term licensing of such individuals might prove beneficial. However, final action of this sort should not be taken without confirmation of present findings through a carefully controlled study?Hearing: Present evidence suggests that the deaf driver may be at a disadvantage, and that special training programs and/or special aids might be of benefit; however, additional research again is needed before action is warranted.?Loss of limb; There is no evidence to justify taking any action in this area.?Vision: Research results indicate that vision is indeed related to driving. However, the magnitude of the relationship appears to lie small, and the question of practical significance arises; however, it is interesting to note that Shinar found that "nighttime accident involvement is related to poor visual acuity under nighttime levels of illumination, but unrelated to visual acuity under high (daytime) levels of illumination ."Burg states: "How much improvement in the traffic accident picture can be effected by more effective vision screening? By the same token, of what value are present licensing techniques such as written examination and driver tests? These are questions that have no clear-cut answers, for definitive research has yet to be done, and other factors, such as 'face validity' and 'tradition1serve to confound the issue ."Drivers can become involved in accidents even as innocent victims and yet be included in some records. Because of legal implications, many such records do not distinguish the 'at fault’ driver from those not at fault, which makes research in group behavior very difficult. Therefore, care must be exercised when examining studies of driving accident records to know what criteria were used.翻译: 行为与交通事故部分交通事故的发生可能是由于司机故意或者疏忽造成的，但是不幸的是，要明确到底是哪种情况引发了交通事故却并不容易。
轨道交通车辆工程专业英语阅读课程教学大纲
轨道交通车辆工程专业英语阅读课程教学大纲
课程英文名称：Professional English Reading
课程编号：0900650 学分： 1 学时：16
一、课程教学对象
本课程的教学对象为轨道交通车辆工程专业本科学生
二、课程性质及教学目的
轨道交通专业英语阅读课程是轨道交通车辆工程专业方向的一门专业课程，选修。
通过本课程的学习，可以为学生学习轨道交通车辆后续课程和从事轨道交通车辆制造、维护、检修等工作打下良好的基础。
本课程内容主要包括磁悬浮技术，编组站，轻轨，铁路车辆，单轨，列车，高速列车，火车站，地铁，地铁信号，重庆轻轨，广州地铁等方面的专业英语知识阅读。
三、对先修知识的要求
学生在学习本课之前，应先修课程：理论力学、材料力学、机械设计原理、轨道交通系统概论
四、课程的主要内容、基本要求和学时分配建议（总学时数: 16 ）
五、建议使用教材及参考书
闵丽平. 城市轨道交通专业英语[M]. 北京：中国铁道出版社，2011六、课程考核方式
结合平时作业及综合应用和设计（或小论文）综合评定成绩。
浅谈高职铁道类专业英语特色课程的开发
学术论坛-269-浅谈高职铁道类专业英语特色课程的开发马东旭（110032 辽宁轨道交通职业学院 辽宁 沈阳）摘 要：我国铁路业的国际化发展对高职院校铁道类英语课程提出了新要求。
本文针对当前高职铁道类英语课程的缺陷，从课程的性质与定位、课程教学目标、课程教学内容、课程教学方法、课程教学评价等五个方面进行全新的铁路专业英语特色课程的开发与应用，探索铁道专业特色英语课程的新模式。
关键词：铁道英语；任务型教学；课程开发一、引言随着全球铁路交通业的迅猛发展，我国高速铁路技术设备的引进和输出活动的增多，铁路建设与运营服务的各个领域对员工整体素质,尤其是英语能力的要求也随之不断提高。
作为为铁路输入人才的高职院校，英语教学必须适应形势发展的需求。
随着国家对高职高专英语教育的重视，高职英语的课程设置和授课模式发生了变革。
目前，高职院校多采用基础英语加专业英语的课程体系。
开设具有专业特色的英语课程是对公共英语基础课的补充和延伸, 目的是使学生具备良好得语言应用方面的迁移能力，以满足社会人才需求。
现阶段，高职院校铁道类专业铁色英语课程开发已初步具备较为完善的体系，但仍存在着课程结构单一、缺少有个性、特色的专业课程、缺乏与企业接轨等缺陷，这大大影响了实际教学效果，不能满足社会与用人单位实际需求。
基于上述问题，本文将从课程的性质与定位、课程教学目标、课程教学内容、课程教学方法、课程教学评价等五个方面进行全新的铁路专业英语特色课程的开发与应用，旨在完善本院铁道类专业特色英语教学体系，提升教学效果；探索具有针对性、应用性和开创性的铁道专业特色英语课程模式。
二、高职铁道类专业英语特色课程的开发（一）课程性质与定位为了明确高职铁道类专业英语特色课程的性质和定位，笔者对高职高专英语课程与普通高校英语课程进行了比较。
2000年教育部颁布的《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》指出：“英语课程不仅应打好语言基础，更要注重培养实际使用语言的技能，特别是使用英语处理日常和涉外业务活动的能力。
城轨车辆专业英语课堂教学效果改进探究
城轨车辆专业英语课堂教学效果改进探究本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！我国现已进入城市轨道交通建设快速发展阶段，很多城市都在进行轨道交通建设，建设过程中采用的城轨车辆多以进口为主，专业英语在车辆采购、使用、维修维护等方面作用非常突出，能否熟练运用专业英语为工作服务，已经成为衡量技术人员能力强弱的标准之一。
城轨车辆工程专业的毕业生就业多以不同城市的地铁公司车辆部门为主，从事现场技术工作，期间需要接触大量的外文资料，能够以英语作为国际通用语言与国外供货商进行交流，这些都需要学生在校掌握良好的专业英语知识，以实现学以致用、有效沟通的目标。
城轨车辆专业英语课程涵盖了城市轨道交通车辆机械、电子电气、空气动力系统等几大方面，内容广泛，综合性强。
作为一门新兴的课程，在教材、教师、教学方法等方面都需要完善。
一、当前专业英语教学存在的主要问题1.国内相近专业英语开设情况概述和现状分析由于专业英语教学目标存在一定程度的模糊，所以有些院校的专业英语只是专业知识的英文讲授，相当于专业课程的双语教学，这在一定程度上加大了学生学习专业课的难度。
另外，因为相关教材的缺乏，很多时候专业英语教师是通过自己搜集资料来进行课程教学的。
而专业英语的课堂教学多以阅读和翻译原文为主，上述情况使得学生学习积极性大为降低，课堂教学效果不佳，教学过程相对枯燥乏味。
2.城轨车辆专业英语的教学现状以上海工程技术大学为例。
由于城市轨道交通车辆工程专业为新兴专业，目前市面上专业英语教材都是关于电气化铁路的，比如《机车车辆专业英语》，不适用于城轨车辆专业英语教学，所以城市轨道交通学院自2006年1月开始使用自编讲义。
但是该讲义是以DC01型直流机车为主进行讲解的，而这已不是当前地铁列车的主流车型了，不适应现在的需求。
另外，此讲义缺少必要的图表，不利于学生对知识的掌握。
交通工程专业英语英译汉
交通工程专业英语英译汉With the rapid development of transportation engineering, the demand for English-to-Chinese translation in this field has been increasing. This article aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of translating traffic engineering terminology and texts from English to Chinese.**Challenges in Translating Traffic Engineering Terminology**Traffic engineering, being a highly specialized field, possesses a unique vocabulary that often requires a deep understanding of both the source and target languages. For instance, terms such as "traffic flow," "intersection design," and "traffic control systems" must be translated accurately to convey their specific meanings within the context of traffic engineering. Additionally, the use of technical jargon and abbreviations adds further complexity to the translation process.Moreover, cultural differences can pose challenges in translating traffic engineering terms. Concepts that arefamiliar in one culture may not have direct equivalents in another, requiring translators to find creative solutions that maintain the original meaning while adapting to the target culture's context.**Opportunities in Translating Traffic Engineering Texts**Despite the challenges, there are also numerous opportunities in translating traffic engineering texts. Firstly, with the globalization of the transportation industry, there is a growing need for cross-cultural communication. This creates opportunities for translators who are proficient in both English and Chinese to bridge the language gap and facilitate the exchange of ideas and knowledge.Secondly, the advancement of technology has brought about new translation tools and platforms that greatly improve translation efficiency and quality. These tools, such as machine translation and online dictionaries, provide translators with convenient resources to lookup unfamiliar terms and phrases, enabling them to work more efficiently and accurately.Lastly, the increasing demand for traffic engineering expertise in China presents an opportunity for translators to specialize in this field. By specializing in traffic engineering translation, translators can build a reputation and expertise in this area, opening up more translation opportunities and potentially higher compensation.**Conclusion**In conclusion, while translating traffic engineering terminology and texts from English to Chinese can be challenging, it also offers numerous opportunities for translators. By overcoming the linguistic and cultural barriers, translators can play a crucial role in promoting the development of the transportation industry both domestically and internationally.**交通工程专业英语英译汉的挑战与机遇**随着交通工程的快速发展，该领域的英汉翻译需求不断增加。
交通运输专业 英语
交通运输专业英语**The Essence and Applications of Transportation Engineering English**Transportation engineering, as a crucial discipline, plays a pivotal role in the development and efficiency of modern society. The intricate nature of this field, coupled with its global reach, necessitates a profound understanding of Transportation Engineering English. This specialized language is not just about technical jargon; it is a means of communicating effectively across borders, facilitating cross-cultural collaborations, and advancing technological advancements.At the core of Transportation Engineering English is a comprehensive grasp of terminology and concepts related to various modes of transportation, including road, rail, air, and water. It involves understanding the intricacies of infrastructure design, traffic management, safety regulations, and environmental impacts. This knowledge is essential for professionals to effectively communicate with peers, policymakers, and the public, ensuring thattransportation systems are designed, built, and operated efficiently and safely.Moreover, Transportation Engineering English is vital for international projects and collaborations. With the globalization of the transportation industry, professionals are increasingly required to work with international teams, share knowledge, and implement best practices from around the world. A proficiency in Transportation Engineering English enables seamless communication, reducing misunderstandings and enhancing the overall quality of projects.In addition to its practical applications, Transportation Engineering English also serves as a bridge between different cultures and perspectives. It allows professionals to appreciate the unique challenges and solutions offered by different regions and cultures, fostering a more inclusive and innovative approach to transportation engineering.However, mastering Transportation Engineering English is not a straightforward task. It requires a combination of technical knowledge, language proficiency, and culturalawareness. Professionals need to keep up with the latest developments in the field, continuously updating their vocabulary and understanding of new technologies and practices. At the same time, they must also develop strong communication skills, including writing, speaking, and listening, to ensure that their messages are clear, accurate, and effective.Furthermore, the use of Transportation Engineering English extends beyond professional circles. It is also crucial for educating the public about transportation issues and policies. Clear and concise communication can help inform the public about the benefits and challenges of transportation projects, fostering greater understanding and support for these initiatives.In conclusion, Transportation Engineering English is a crucial aspect of the transportation industry, facilitating effective communication, international collaborations, and technological advancements. It requires a comprehensive understanding of technical terminology and concepts, as well as strong communication skills. As the transportation industry continues to evolve and expand globally, theimportance of Transportation Engineering English will only increase. Professionals in this field must embrace this specialized language, leveraging it to enhance their work, foster cross-cultural understanding, and contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainabletransportation systems.**交通运输专业英语的精髓与应用**交通运输工程作为关键学科，在现代社会的发展和效率提升中发挥着举足轻重的作用。
研究生交通运输专业英语课程介绍
BJTUΒιβλιοθήκη 课程介绍 考查方式：笔试 笔试+翻译作业（专业硕士） 任课教师：陈旭梅、郎茂祥、 宋丽英、黄爱玲、 董宏辉、王子洋、 夏胜利、刘华
BJTU
课程介绍
主要培养学生对专业英语文献的听、说、读、写 能力。通过本课程的学习，使学生对道路运输、 铁路运输及物流等领域的英语术语有系统的了解， 并掌握常用词汇。了解论文中前言和摘要的写法、 英语科技论文的写法，学会对专业材料的阅读、 翻译及写作，能够初步听懂本领域相关英文学术 讲座，能够进行科技论文的英文陈述，有一定专 业英语口头表达及交流能力。
BJTU
课程内容安排
Introduction to Traffic Engineering （2学时） Traffic Surveys （2学时） 董宏辉 讲授 Traffic Management and ITS （2学时） Urban Transit Systems and Technology（2学时） 黄爱玲 讲授 Traffic Planning 陈旭梅 讲授 （4学时）
BJTU
（4学时）
Railway Emergency Management 王子洋 讲授
（4学时）
High Speed Railway 夏胜利 讲授
（4学时）
BJTU
各班级负责教师
交通专业英语1班：陈旭梅、董宏辉
交通专业英语2班：宋丽英、黄爱玲
交通专业英语3班：郎茂祥、王子洋
专业英语（全日制专硕）：夏胜利、刘华
Basic skill exercise to use English in the field of Transport（4学时） 宋丽英 讲授
BJTU
交通工程专业英语
2.On this occasion, you choose to travel by car as you have an appointment later in the day at one of those old-fashioned business parks that are inaccessible by public transport.
随意在公交车站附近停车是引起市区公交车和总体交通延误的主要原因之一。
4.The positioning of bus stops is often dictaded by practicaliaties such as avoiding banks and post offices,where space for special delieveries is required,snd avoiding creating poor sight lines for side road traffic.
预警系统可以提供听觉上、视觉上或触觉上的提示，从而使驾驶员警觉到潜在的不安全因素，然后驾驶员就要采取纠正措施以避免危险的发生。
3.There have not yet been introduced in public road applications, but they are carrying millions of passengers every day in airport people movers and a variety rojevof urban transit systems(Vancouver, Pairs,London,Tokyo,Lyon and Lille).
交通运输专业英语
Lesson 6 The Steering System1 The Steering GearThe steering gear mechanism enables the driver to turn the front wheels of the car. The mechanism consists of a steering gear box, pitman arm, drag link, tie rods, steering arms, and steering knuckles, the latter supporting the front wheels. (Fig.6.1)转向齿轮机构使司机能够转动轿车的前轮。
该机构由转向器、转向垂臂、纵拉杆、转向横拉杆、梯形臂和转向节构成，转向节支承着前轮。
（图6.1）Turning the steering wheel turns the steering shaft to which a worm gear is attached within the steering gear box.转动转向盘使转向轴转动，并带动转向器内与之相连的蜗杆转动。
The steering worm moves a roller through a part of an arc, the motion of which is transmitted to the pitman arm, which moves back and forth across the width of the frame.转向蜗杆推动滚筒移动一段弧线，滚筒的运动被传递到转向垂臂，转向垂臂在整个车架宽度上来回移动。
Several arrangements of rods and levers are in common use but, in general, a drag link, connected to the pitmen arm, transmits the movement to tie rods which are connected to the steering arms.通常使用几种杠杆的布置方式，但是总的来说，与转向垂臂相连的纵拉杆把运动传递到与转向臂相连的横拉杆。
交通工程专业英语
Unit3I ntroductionTransport telematics, also knownas intelligent transport systems （ITS）, are concerned with the application of electronic information and control to improve transport. Some new systems have already been implemented and the pace of implementation can be expected to quicken. With a crystal ball, we can foresee how a typical journey to work maylook in 10 years time.Before leaving home, you check your travel arrangements over tile internet. Often you choose to travel by public transport and you can identify travel times and any interruptions affecting the service. Onthis occasion, you choose to travel by car as you have an appointment later in the day at one of those oldfashioned business parks that are inaccessible by public transport. There are no incidents recorded on your normal route to work so you do not bother to use your computer route model to select an optimum route for you.Once in your car, you head for the motorway and select the cruise control, lane support and collision avoidance system, allowing you to concentrate on your favorite radio service. Suddenly, this is intelrupted by the radio traffic-message channel service giving you information about an incident on your route. You are not surprised when, at the next junction, the roadside variable message sign （VMS） corffirms this; motorway messages really are believable now!You feel pleased with yourself that you have preceded your in-car navigation system with the coordinates of your final destination, and soon you are obtaining instructions on your best route with information updated from the local travel control center.As you near your place of work, you are aware of roadside messages informing you of the next park and ride service. You choose to ignore these as you will need to make a quick getaway for your appointment. You then check that your travel card is clearly displayed inside the car; you don't want to be fined for not having a positive credit for the city's road pricing and parking service! The same card gives you clearance to your parking space; you activate your parking vision and collision control just to be sure of not scratching the MD' s car next to you.Using transport telematicsAll these information and control services, and manymore besides, are discussed in the UK Government' s eonsuhation document. One way of categorising these services is into the following application areas:（1）traffic management and control（2）tolling and road pricing（3）road safety and law eifforeement（4）public transport travel information and ticketing（5）driver information and guidance（6）freight and fleet management（7）vehicle safety（8）system integrationAll these applications are being developed with assistance from research and pilot implementation programmnes in Europe, USA and Japan.Traffic management and controlAny traffic management and control system needs information on traffic flows, speeds, queues, incidents （accidents, vehicle breakdowns, obstructions） air quality and vehicle types, lengths and weights.This information will be collected using infrared, radio, loop, radar, and microwave or vision detectors.In addition, public and private organizations will provide information on planned events （roadworks, leisure events, exhibitions）.The use to which this information is put depends on the objectives set for management and control.Network management objectives set for urban areas include:（1）influencing traveller behaviour, in particular modal choice, route choice and the time at which journeys are made.（2）reducing the impact of traffic on air quality.（3）improving priority for buses and LRT vehicles.（4）providing better and safer facilities for pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users.（5）restraining traffic in sensitive areas.（6）managing demand and congestion more efficiently.The software systems used will include control applications such as SCOOTS, CATS,SPOTand MOTION.These are responsive systems, which control a network of traffic signals to meet these objectives. Automatic vehicle location and identification will provide information for giving priorityor allowing access to certain vehicles only.Interurban network management systems will have similar objectives but will make greater use of access control by ramp metering and other means, and of speed control and high-occupancy vehicle lane management. Regional traffic control centers will advise motorist of incidents and alternative routes by VMSand by RDS-TMC,a signal FMradio service broadcasting localized traffic messages and advice to drivers.Tolling and road pricingInterurban motorway tolling and urban road pricing provide anotherapproach to meeting network management objectives while obtaining additional revenue that can be invested in transport. Singapore's electronic zone pricing, the TOLLSTAR electronic toll collection andADEPT automatic debiting smart cards are examples of such applications.These systems rely on microwave or radio communication to an in-vehicle transponder in a smart card with detection of vehicle licence plates using image processing for enforcement purposes.Public transport travel information and ticketingTravel information is needed by passengers at home or office and also during their journey. London Transport's ROUTES computer-based service offers routing, timetable and fares information on all public transport services in London through public inquiry terminals.Real-time travel information is provided in London by the COUNTDOWsyNstem which is being expanded to cover 4000 bus stops. A similar system called STOPWATCisH available in Southampton as part of the ROMANSE project and is based on Peek' s Bus Tracker system which can detect buses using either radio beacons or GPS(Global Positioning System) which uses satellites to identify locations.ROMANSE also includes TRIP lanner interactive enquiry terminals with touch screens providing travel information.Problems with tickets for through journeys can be a deterrent for travelers choosing public transport.Smartcard stored-value tickets can provide a single ticket for car parking and all legs of a journey served by different operators.Driver information and guidanceDriver information systems include the RDS-TMC radio data system-traffic message ehannel, initially trialled between London and Paris in the PLEIADESproject and elsewhere in Europe in similar EC-funded projects. There is also the Traffic master service which uses infrared monitors to identify congestion and an in-car visual map-based screen to inform drivers of congestion.Driver guidance systems aim to take this a step further by informing drivers of their route and giving guidance on navigation. Communication between the control center and the vehicle can be by roadside beacon or by digital cellular radio networks based on GSM(global system of mobile communications) as in SOCRATES. Commercial products include Daimler Benz's copilot dynamic route guidance system trialled in Berlin and Stuttgart and Philip's Car Systems CARIN. Similar products, such as the VICS advanced mobile information service, are commonly available in Japan.翻译：介绍交通通讯,也被称为智能交通系统(它的), 与应用电子信息和控制,提高运输。
交通工程专业课程设置安排表
小计
通
科技类课程
识
人文类课程
教 育
艺术类课程
课
体育类课程
程
小计
学分
课内 学时
课外 学时
考核 类型
一
12
各学期周学时分配
二
三
四
121212
2.5 40
查
3
2.5 40
试
3
2 32
试
2
3.5 56
试
4
3.5 56
试
4
3.5 56
试
4
2 32
查
3
2 32
查
3
40.5 664
9
4 13 20 11
136.5 2206 90 25 21 24 27 25 23 20 11
2 32
查
2
2 32
查
2
1.5 24
查
2
2 32
查
2
2 32
查
3
1.5 24
查
2
2.5 40
查
3
2 32
查
2
2 32
查
2
1.5 24
查
2
1.5 24
查
2
1.5 24
查
2
1.5 24
查
2
12 192
1 24
1 24
2 48
1 24
5 120
五
要求 说明
12
至少 选修
12 学分
注：带“*”号课程为含有实验或上机课时课程。
2 32
查
2
29911801 文献检索
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附件1
佳木斯大学
课程教学大纲
机械工程学院交通运输教研室制订（修订）
附件2 专业英语课程教学大纲
课程名称：专业英语Special English
课程编码：09416215
总学时数：60
学分：3
开课单位：机械工程学院交通运输教研室
适用专业：交通运输
适用对象：大学本科
一、课程的性质、类型、目的和任务
本课程为高等学校交通运输专业课。
为了能够及时地通过各种信息源，了解交通管理的新动态及发展现状，促进与世界的交流，作为交通类专业的本科学生具有一定的阅读与翻译汽车专业英语文献的能力。
专业外语是与专业基础课密切相关的课程，通过学习，加强学生对专业知识的掌握，同时提高本科生的外语水平，阅读能力，及对专业词汇的掌握。
二、本课程与其它课程的联系与分工
本课程宜从三年级第一学期开始，以确保学生学习本课程具有所需要的交通专业的基础。
三、教学内容及教学基本要求
[1]表示“了解”；[2]表示“理解”或“熟悉”；[3]表示“掌握”；△表示自学内容；○表示略讲内容；
本课程分七章，包括第一章：交通工程介绍（Introduction to Traffic Engineering），第二章：交通系统的特性和组成（Characteristics and Components of Traffic System），第三章：交通流特性（Traffic Stream Characteristics），第四章：交通调查（Traffic Studies）,第五章：交通管理与控制（Traffic Management and Control），第六章：交通规划（Traffic Planning），第七章：智能运输系统（Intelligent Transportation System）。
其中交通工程介绍（Introduction to Traffic Engineering）讲述交通工程的定义，研究范围，功能；交通工程的研究目标；交通工程的构成要素，交通工程面临有待解决的问题等。
第二章：交通系统的特性和组成（Characteristics and Components of Traffic System）讲述交通四要素中的道路使用者、车辆、道路以及环境的特性。
第三章：交通流特性（Traffic Stream Characteristics）讲述交通流的微观参数、宏观参数、不同参数之间的相互关系以及交通流的类型。
第四章：交通调查（Traffic Studies）分别讲述常用的交通调查，如交通量调查、车速调查、交叉口延误调查、停车调查和事故调查等的调查方法和要求。
第五章：交通管理与控制（Traffic Management and Control）讲述交通控制设备、交叉口控制以及交通系统管理等内容。
第六章：交通规划（Traffic Planning）讲述交通规划和土地利用的影响关系，交通需求分析，交通规划四步骤规划方法以及常用的交通规划模型介绍。
第七章：智能运输系统（Intelligent Transportation System）讲述智能运输系统的概念、各个子系统的构成，主要支持技术等。
Chapter 1 Introduction to Traffic Engineering
1.1 Traffic Engineering Definition, Scope and Functions [3]
1.2 Research Objectives of Traffic Engineering [2]
1.3 Elements of Traffic Engineering [2]
1.4 Modern Problems for Traffic Engineers [1]
Reading Material △
Chapter2 Characteristics and Components of Traffic Systems 2.1 Road Users [3]
2.2 Vehicles Characteristics [3]
2.3 Street and Highways [2]
2.4 General Environment [1]
Reading Material 1 ○
Reading Material 2 △
Chapter 3 Traffic Stream Characteristics
3.1 Macroscopic Parameters [2]
3.2 Microscopic Parameters [2]
3.3 Relationships among Various Parameters [3]
3.4 Types of Traffic Flow [1]
Reading Material 1 ○
Reading Material 2 △
Chapter 4 Traffic Studies
4.1 Objectives of Traffic Studies [3]
4.2 Types of Studies [3]
4.3 V olume Studies [2]
4.4 Speed and Travel Time Studies [2]
4.5 Intersection Delay Studies [2]
4.6 Parking Studies [1]
4.7 Accidents Studies [1]
Reading Material 1 ○
Reading Material 2 △
Chapter 5 Traffic Management and Control
5.1 Traffic Control Devices [3]
5.2 Intersection Control [2]
5.3 Traffic System Management [2]
Reading Material 1 ○
Reading Material 2 △
Chapter 6 Traffic Planning
6.1 Fundamentals of Transportation Planning [1]
6.2 Transportation and Land Use [2]
6.3 Transportation Demand Analysis [3]
6.4 Trip Generation Model [2]
6.5 Trip Distribution Model [2]
6.6 Modal Split Model [1]
6.7 Trip Assignment Model [3]
6.8 Introduction to Disaggregate Model ○
Reading Material 1 ○
Reading Material 2 △
Chapter 7 Intelligent Transportation System
7.1 Introduction to ITS [1]
7.2 GIS and GPS in ITS ○
7.3 Network Optimization ○
7.4 Sensing Traffic Using Sensors ○
7.5 In-Vehicle Routing, and Personal Route Information ○7.6 Commercial Routing and Delivery ○
7.7 Dynamic Assignment ○
7.8 Intelligent Vehicle ○
7.9 Development of ITS [2]
Reading Material 1 ○
Reading Material 2 △
四、学时分配表
4 4 总计56 4 60
五、课程考核方法及要求
1．考核方式：考查；
2．考核方法：笔试；
3．成绩评定：
总评成绩100分＝平时40分＋期末考试60分
平时成绩：平时40分
考勤考纪：20分
作业20分——每次作业占5分；
六、选用教材及参考书（资料）
教材：
《交通工程专业英语》.邬万江，马丽丽主编. 机械工业出版社2012年出版
参考书目：
1．《交通工程专业英语》.裴玉龙主编.人民交通出版社 2000年出版
2.《交通运输与物流专业英语》.王文智主编.人民交通出版社2007年出版。