断句技巧 英文翻译

（一）沿用原主语
根据原文的主语确定译文的主语称为直接对译，是指采用汉语原文句子的 主语作为英语译文的主语。相对比例的结构较为简单的句子皆可直译。因 此能够照词直译的句子在主语的选择中并非难点，所以便无需举例。
（二）改选主语
改选主语是指汉语句子中的主语不能或者不宜直译为英语句子的主语，字面上 没有但在含义上有，需要根据句子的含义转换句子的成分，另找一个词语做主 语。若依原文主语直译则不合英语表达习惯。从归化的角度看，有利于归化译 法的解决办法往往是改选主语。
中国旅游市场潜力不断增长，不仅对于欧洲国家来说有利可图，而且对全世界也 是这样。
The growing potential of China’s tourism market is most lucrative not only to European countries but also to the rest of the world. The potential of China’s market keeps growing, which is most lucrative for both European countries and the rest of the world.
断句技巧
断句技巧
一、理解要准确
二、断句要准确 三、主语要选准 四、主语的选择 五、重组要全面
一、理解要准确
正确理解原文是正确翻译的关键。如何正确理解原文所传达的内容信息， 始终是汉译英过程中要首先考虑的问题，要求译者要充分理解原文，有 时必须是深刻地理解原文。因此“断句”可以看作是原文梳理地继续。
The company has a contracted lunch provider ,with food quality and quantity detailed in the contract .The details shall be displayed on the notice board.
五、重ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu要全面
本节所讲实际上是“断句”方法的应用。前面讲过译文中各句主语频频换马，会 影响到整句甚至整段文字本的统一性和连贯性。正确理解原文并断句后要能用英 语文字正确地表达出来；假如表达不够准确或者不完整，或者译文有违英语语法 或者用词不当，则翻译工作仍然没有尽职。英语是一种“形合”的语言，译文对 句型有重组后，应当“瞻前顾后”，把波及的其他地方也要加以理顺。
（四）信息重心主语 汉语有一个“尾重”的特点，汉语原文中经常有一些十分重要的信息却出现在 括号之中。对于这种情况汉译英时应当加以语序调整，并将其提取出来构成译 文的主题信息。
每年工厂会免费发放厂服给员工（夏季厂服两件，秋季厂服两件）。
The factory provides for free uniforms for the workers every year(2 summer uniforms and 2 autumn uniforms). ×
这些邮件将由北京大兴航油基地装发行邮专列发往全国各地。 These mails packaged by Beijing Daxing Post will be sent to everywhere by Post Train.× Mail bags are to be transported to other parts of the country from the Post Base in Daxing, Beijing, in postal trains.√
由于工厂人数多，因此员工以实际所领底薪购买社会保险需要分批次改善，现 在已经有部分员工以实际所领底薪购买社会保险。 Due to large numbers of workers,so it need improve step by step to conduct all workers cover insurance based on real wage as some workers are doing now.× Due to large numbers of workers, it is necessary to divide them into groups when insurance is to be purchased. The amount of social security insurance will be based on the actual basic monthly salary each individual workers is paid. The purchasing process is now in progress.√
二、断句要准确
“断句”可以看作是原文梳理地继续。做到这一步的关键在于恰当断句。也 就是确保准确和完整地理解原文的含义，在此前提下进入表达阶段。断句后 决定着成文后的英文句子或者篇章重心何在，是否走题，译文文字是否更容 易做到连贯和协调。在翻译中不要拘泥于原文的句型结构，词语顺序以及词 语的表面词义，全面深入地分析原文的逻辑内在关系，充分理解字里行间隐 藏的含义，这样才有可能做好准确的翻译，因此准确断句是正确理解的实现。
中国积极承接国际产业转移，大力开加工贸易，促进了产业结构优化升级。 China accepts actively international transfer, has vigorously developed processing trade, and promoted the upgrading of industrial structure.× China has accepted the inbound transfer to transnational production facilities and made headways in processing trade, which helped to optimize the domestic industrial structure.√
我们将努力开发利用国际，国内两种资源，两个市场，加快转变经济发展方式，坚 持走具有中国特色的新型的工业化道路。
We will make use of domestic and international resources and markets, we should speed up the change of economic development mode, we should stick to the new way of industrialization with Chinese characteristics.×
Two summer uniforms and two autumn uniforms are provided for free annually to every worker.√
（五）主语选择多样化 句子的表现形式多样，翻译方法也多种多样，即使同一个句子也可以有不同的译法。
公司与盒饭厂有合同，明确规定饭菜份量，标准份量讲公布张贴。
We will spare little effort in utilizing resources and markets both at home and overseas, in accelerating the switching of our development patterns, and in taking our own way of industrialization with Chinese characteristics.√
中国近年来在国际文化方面的巨大跨越，不仅使中国与国际全面接轨，独创的成 就和独特的文化，更令世界为之折服。 劣： China made great stride in globalization in recent years, not only connecting China with the world completely, but also having conquered the world with unparalleled achievements and unique culture. 优：The enormous success in globalization achieved in China has aligned the country with the practice of the world community, meanwhile amazed the global village with its own unique culture and unparalleled achievements.
A contract has been signed between the company and a lunch provider, and quantity detailed in the contract . he details shall be displayed on the notice board.
四、主语的选择
汉语突出的是述题，而英语突出的是主语，除少量的省略句外，每个句子都 必须有主语，这一对比度极大的差异主要体现在汉译英时主语的选择上。选 择译文句子的主语可有多种方式，下面主要从沿用原主语，改选主语，增补 主语，信息重心主语，主语选择多样化几方面展开论述。这些方法并不互相 排斥，实际翻译中最好能保持一种开放的思路，灵活地运用。
（三）补充主语
汉语突出的是主题，主语并不重要。说话者省略了主语，听话者从语境中仍然能够 领悟到被省略的内容。而英文句子高度“形合”，句子成分必须齐全，不能没有主 语。因此汉译英时要根据上下文，在考虑原文信息的情况下把汉语原文中隐藏的或 省略的主语成分写出来。
投资基金时坚持中长期的投资思路，要考虑专业投资管理能力，业绩增长稳定以及基 金管理公司的综合实力和优势等。 For fund investment, investors should stick to the principle of medium and long-term investment, consider key factors such as professional investment manage capability, performance increase stability, and the overall competitiveness of the fund manage company.
三、主语要选准
准确断句之后，下一个关键步骤就是选择译文的主语。英语中的主语可以是名 词，代词，名词性短语，从句及别的结构，可以融主题，已知信息施事于一体， 所以汉译英时要首先确立英语句子的主语。主语一旦确定，采用哪种句型也就 落实了，谓语及其变化形式就安排好了，全句的翻译也就可望顺利进行。一句 或长或短的汉语，在什么地方断句才最便于译成英文，这是从无形的理解到有 形的物化表达至关重要的一步。
前提条件之一是，在上次安装调试运行中未发现重大的设备质量问题或已有有效 的改进措施。 One of the the premise condition is there are no main quality defect in the former erection, and operation, or have taken effective measures to correct it.× One of the preconditions shall be that no major quality problems were discovered with the equipment during the previous installation and trial operation or that , if any, effective measures were taken to correct them.√