2019职称英语理工类a教材备考语法知识(一)
职称英语理工类AB级考点的复习笔记
职称英语理工类AB级考点的复习笔记一、基础知识1. 数学•代数与方程：如一次、二次方程的解法，函数的性质等。
•几何与三角：如直线、圆、三角形的性质、相似与全等等。
•排列与组合：如排列、组合的求解方法等。
•概率与统计：如事件的概率、统计指标等。
2. 物理•力学：如牛顿三定律、牛顿运动定律等。
•电磁学：如电场、磁场的性质及相互作用等。
•光学：如光的传播、反射、折射等基本规律。
•热学：如热力学定律、热传导等。
•声学：如声音的传播、共振等。
3. 化学•物质的组成与性质：如元素、化合物的性质及分类等。
•化学反应与化学方程式：如化学反应类型、化学平衡等。
•化学计算与化学量关系：如摩尔质量、摩尔计算等。
二、重点考点1. 数学1.1 代数与方程•一次方程及一元一次方程组的求解方法，如消元法、代入法等。
•二次方程及一元二次方程组的求解方法，如配方法、公式法等。
•函数的概念、性质及相关应用，如一次函数、二次函数等。
1.2 几何与三角•直线、圆、三角形的性质，如角的度量、正弦定理、余弦定理等。
•相似与全等的判定条件及相关性质，如相似三角形的性质、全等三角形的性质等。
1.3 排列与组合•排列的概念、计算方法，如全排列、圆排列等。
•组合的概念、计算方法，如组合数等。
1.4 概率与统计•事件与概率的关系与计算，如事件的互斥与独立等。
•统计指标与统计分布的计算，如均值、标准差、正态分布等。
2. 物理2.1 力学•牛顿三定律及其应用，如受力分析、加速度计算等。
•物体运动的基本规律，如匀速直线运动、加速直线运动等。
2.2 电磁学•电场与电场力的计算，如库仑定律等。
•磁场与磁场力的计算，如洛伦兹力等。
2.3 光学•光的行为与光的传播，如光的反射、折射等。
•光学仪器与光的应用，如透镜、光的干涉、衍射等。
2.4 热学•理想气体的状态方程与性质，如理想气体定律等。
•热传导与热平衡，如热传导定律等。
2.5 声学•声音的传播与声音的特性，如声波的传播、共振等。
2019职称英语理工类A考试教材阅读理解篇(1)
2019职称英语理工类A考试教材阅读理解篇（1） A Letter from AlanI have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by thefootball ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me,Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax - thesmall wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers.1It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby.I think that losing this area will beterrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.I am also against this plan because it will causetraffic problems. How will the people from thenew houses travel to work7 The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.Therefore, these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.The roads will always be full of traffic, there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come tosee our lovely old buildings will leave.2 Shops and hotels will lose business. If the town reallyneeds more homes, the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.No doubt the builders will make a lot of money byselling these houses. But, in my opinion,the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. As well as this, we will lose a veryspecial place and our town will be much lesspleasant.3I am going to the local govemment offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and Ihope that yourreaders will join me there. We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.注释：1. For me, Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people canrelax - thesmall wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen andbird-watchers.对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人能够在此放松休息。
2019职称英语理工类a教材备考语法知识(二)
2019职称英语理工类a教材备考语法知识（二）名词：(一)英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1.专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tom, the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the.如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2.普通名词是很多人或事物的共有名称。
如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是能够用简单的数词实行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不能够用简单的数词实行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .(二)英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1.名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s.如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s.如：photo→photos, piano→pia nos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es.如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es.如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2.不规则变化：man→men, woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用相关计量名词。
2019职称英语理工类a教材备考语法知识(五)
2019职称英语理工类a教材备考语法知识（五）代词(一)代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
(二)人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称，分为主格和宾格两种形式。
1.主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
如： I often go shoppingon Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?) / That's it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他!)2.宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)3.人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时，能够用主格形式，也能够用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格。
如：——Who is it?(是谁?) –It's I/me.(是我。
)4.三个不同人称同时出现，或者主语中包含“我”时，按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。
如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me.(你和我)5.人称代词it除了能够指人指物之外，还能够表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义，此外还能够作“非人称代词”使用，替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如：——What's the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / ——What's the time?(几点啦?) –It’s 12：00.(12点)/ It's a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然，公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign languagewell.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)。
【最新2019】201X年全国职称英语考试语法知识点整理篇-实用word文档 (1页)
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== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 201X年全国职称英语考试语法知识点整理篇
201X年全国职称英语考试语法知识点整理篇
在职称英语考试中，应试者必须掌握的基本的语法知识点主要包括以下几点：
1、英语句子的基本语序及其意义
复习中需要了解英语陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句中句子的基本语序及其意义，同时还需要了解英语强调句，倒装句和虚拟条件中的基本语序及其意义。
2、英语句子的结构和常用句型
复习中需要了解英语5种基本句子结构，了解英语句子结构的四种类型：简单句，并列句，复合句，并列复合句的构成及其常见的表现形式。
3、动词的各种时，体，态及其意义
复习中主要了解和熟悉职称英语中五个最常用的时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，一般将来时和现在完成时)的构成形式及其所具有的结构意义。
掌握英语动词进行体和完成体的构成形式及其分别具有的结构意义。
掌握英语主被动语态的构成形式及其所具有的结构意义。
4、各种从句的构成和意义职称英语教材
复习中主要了解和掌握名词性从句(尤其是主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句)，状语从句(尤其是时间状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句)和定语从句(尤其是由 that ， which ， when ， who 等连接词引导的定语从句)的构成形式，在英语语句中的位置特点及从句所具有的语法意义。
2019职称英语理工A考试教材阅读理解一.doc
2019 职称英语理工 A 考试教材阅读理解（一）Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and onethat many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories：autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writersmay not be entirely objective in the way they presentthemselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at theway they are and what makes them that way. People as diverseas Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce ，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies ，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographicalaccounts that focus as much on the events of the times as onthe life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use theseevents as backdrops for their lives. They describe them indetail and discuss their importance. Recently ，though ，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography.A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life.In many senses ，these may be the hardest of the three typesto write. Autobiography writers know the events they writeabout because they lived them. But biography writers have togather information from as many different sources as possible.Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goalis to present a balanced picture of a person ，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presentedbiography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n.背景interchangeable /int?'t?end??bl/ adj.可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and HelenKeller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
2019年职称英语理工A级 教材重点文章和新增文章汇总完美字典版
NEW 1、Common Questions about Dreams Does everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you. 【词汇】：A、 However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.B、The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.C、People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.D、Our most powerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.E、To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of.F、Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.【理解】：1、B 文中第一部分主要介绍快速眼动睡眠期，而且前一句正好提到每晚快速眼动睡眠期的间隔时间、出现频率及其持续时间的情况。
2019年职称英语理工类A级语法讲解4
2019年职称英语理工类A级语法讲解4形容词的固定搭配be able to(do)能(做)，会(做)be absent from缺勤，缺课be accustomed to习惯于be active in积极于be alive to发觉，感觉，对…敏感be angry with对．．．发怒be anxious for急切盼望，渴望be ashamed 0f为…感到害臊be about to(do)即将，正要be abundant in富于，富有be acquainted with与…相识，熟悉be afraid of恐怕，害怕，担忧be angry at因某事生气be anxious about担心，为…担忧be anxious t0(do)渴望(做)be aware of意识到be bad at拙于，不善于be based 0n根据，以…为基础be beside oneself忘乎所以be badly off生活穷困be bent on热恋于，一心想be better 0ff处境较好，情况好转be born in出生于．．．be bound to(do)一定会，不得不be burned out住所被烧光be busy with忙于…be careful 0f爱惜，注意be born 0f出生于…(家庭)be buried in沉思，陷入，专心于be busy(doing)忙着(做某事)be busy about忙于．．．be careful t0(do)务必注意(做)be certain to(do)一定(做)，必然(做) be confident in对…有信心be clever at擅长于be composed of由…组成be connected with与…相关。
2019年职称英语理工类A级易混淆词汇资料(1)
2019年职称英语理工类A级易混淆词汇资料（1）1.able, capable, competentable为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示水平超出平均水平。
如：A cat isable to see in the dark.(猫在黑暗中能看见东西。
)capable 指满足一般要求的水平，能够是表现出来的，也不过潜在的，搭配是be capable ofdoing。
用作定语，表示的水平没有able表示的水平强。
如：He is capable of running a mile in a minute.(他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。
)He is a very capable doctor.(他是一位很好的大夫。
)competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的水平。
如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.(医生应该能治多种病。
)2.aboard, abroad, board, broadaboard 在船(或飞机，车)上。
如：I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词，在国外或海外。
如：He often goes abroad.board 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。
如：The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词，宽广的。
如：He has very broad shoulders.3.accept, receiveaccept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。
如：I receivedan invitation yesterday, but I didn't accept it.(我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。
)4.accident, incident, eventaccident事故。
2019职称英语考试语法：可数名词与不可数名词
2019职称英语考试语法：可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词在职称英语考试中，可数名词与不可数名词是考察的语法知识点之一，如果考生不能熟练区别什么是可数名词，什么是不可数名词，那么在职称英语的考试中将会失去本不该丢失的分数。
现将由浅入深解析可数名词与不可数名词，希望考生通过对这个语法点的全面了解和熟练使用，为展开全面复习、提升考试成绩打下良好的基础。
1.定义1) 可数名词：一般来说个体名词和集体名词能够用数目来计算，称为可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
例如： a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。
2) 不可数名词不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。
所以它通常只有单数形式。
如：English, air, water, cotton, work...不可数名词表示数量时，能够用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+OF+名词。
如：a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper2.单复数变化名词单数变复数变化如下1).词尾直接加 s如：cat--cats bag—bags day--days2).以 s, sh, ch,x 结尾的词加es如：class—classes match--matches box--boxes dish -dishes3).以辅音加Y结尾的词变y为i, 加es. 元音加 y 结尾的词直接加 s,如： party----parties city----cities story----storiesboy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys 等.4).以f或fe结尾的词, 变 f 或fe为v, 加es如： wife ---- wives half---- halves注意特殊情况直接加“S”，要逐个记 chiefs, handkerchiefs, roofs.5).以辅音加 o 结尾的词常加 es,如： tomatoes, potatoes, heroes.元音加 o结尾直接加s. 如：radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况： photos6).名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得。
2019职称英语综合类A级基础语法：名词的数
2019职称英语综合类A级基础语法：名词的数名词的数：重点应了解和掌握以下内容：1、名词的可数和不可数：与汉语不同，英语中名词要区分可数与不可数。
笼统地讲，物质名词，如：water(水), iron(铁), wood(木头)等, 和抽象名词，如：democracy(民主), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等为不可数。
不可数名词前不能加a (an)，后面不能加s (es)，这是考试中对此类题目判断的重要依据。
2、以下名词为不可数名词：news(消息) information(信息)furniture (家具) equipment(设备)advice (劝告) weather(天气)work*(工作) clothing(衣服)baggage(行李)work作 "工作" 解释时为不可数名词，"找工作"不能说to find a work, 应为to find a job; work作"着作"、"作品"解时是可数名词，如：Deng Xiaopin's works (邓小平着作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin (一件关于邓小平的作品);作 "工厂" 解释时，单复数同形：a steel works (一个钢铁厂) / two chemical works(两家化工厂)实例：We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.A. haven't many furnituresB. aren't many furnituresC. hasn't much furnitureD. isn't enough furniture解题思路：根据名词数的概念A、B肯定错，不必考虑;C、D的主要差异是"hasn't"与 "isn't", 句子中有there，说明该句是there be句型，故准确答案为D.题中staff, office 等词与解题无关。
职称英语理工类A级语法讲解
职称英语理工类A级语法讲解精选其他固定搭配
add up to合计，总计
break away(from)脱离，逃跑
e true实现，到达
e up with提出，提供
do away with废除，去掉’
have nothing to do with和…毫无关系
make believe假装
catch up with追上，赶上
e up to到达，符合
concern with关心，挂念；从事于
have something to do with和…有点关系
fall back on求助于，转而依靠
fall in with符合，与…一致
as follows如下
get through到达，完成，及格
be fed up with感到厌烦
get along／0n with有进展，有进步
get somewhere有些；结果
get down to开始，着手
get the better 0f占上风，胜过
give onese~away泄露，露马脚
give way to给…让路，对…让步，被…代替
go back on违背
go before居前
have to／have got t0不得不，必须help oneself自取所需(食物) keep out of躲开，置身…之外
get out of逃避，改掉
have get有
give oneself up自首，投降，投案go along with陪同前往，随行
g0 in for从事，致力于，追求hang on to紧握住，坚持下去。
2019职称英语考试理工类A级词汇精选10
2019职称英语考试理工类A级词汇精选10动名词1.定义：动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构，其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing2.动能：动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。
1.作主语e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。
e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。
2.作表语e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。
3.作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。
e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?4.作定语e.g·These dialogues may be used as liste ningmaterials.(=materials for listening)/这些对话可用作听力材料。
3.考点：动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接实行考察，而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中，然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。
所以，考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。
4.与分词的区别：定语现在分词由原形动词+ing构成，如designing，leaving，stopping等现在分词作定语时，表示正在实行的动作，或经常性的动作，或表示现状。
由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。
考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。
Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。
2019年职称英语考试语法知识储备：动名词
2019年职称英语考试语法知识储备：动名词
非谓语动词的用法详解，能够协助考生更好的掌握非谓语动词的相
关考点，为实行阅读学习打下良好的语法基础。
非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词主
要包括动名词、不定式和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓
语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，具有动词的部分语法特征，能够承担
句子的任何成分。
一、动名词
1.定义：
动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构，其构成的形
式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing。
2.功能：
动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。
(1)作主语
e.g. Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
(2)作表语
e.g. In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在
蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)
e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我
们必须阻止空气被污染。
(4)作定语
e.g·He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
3.考点：
动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接实行考察，而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中，然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。
所以，考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。
2019年职称英语综合a语法讲解：副词作宾语补足语
2019年职称英语综合a语法讲解：副词作宾语补足语作宾语补足语：
地点副词一般能够作宾语补足语。
如：Put your dirty socks away,Jim!They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆，把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。
)
Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)
注意：“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词，则该副词应该放在代词之后。
如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。
)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来)
especially 特别，尤其，格外
eventually 终于，最后
ever 在任何时候，从来
固定搭配：for ever 永远
everywhere 到处，各处，无论何处
exceedingly 非常，极其
extremely 极度地，极端地
fairly ①相当，尚可，还②公平地，公正地
finally 最后，终于
firmly 坚固地，坚硬地，稳固地
forever 永远，老是
forth 向前，往外
固定搭配：and so forth 等等fortunately 幸运地，幸亏。
2019职称英语理工类A级阅读考试资料1
2019职称英语理工类A级阅读考试资料1Friendly Relations with the People Around1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness （归属） that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound （一定的） to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don't know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.4 An experience of this kind gives the clue （线索） to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances （熟人）, you may not know with whom you will make friends, but-you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.1 Paragraph2 .2 Paragraph3 .3 Paragraph4 .4 Paragraph5 .A Making friends with new acquaintancesB Close link between companionship and belongingnessC How to satisfy other people's needsD An example of a satisfying relationshipE Difficulties in establishing friendshipsF What companionship really is5 If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be .6 The warm feeling of belongingness may give you .7 The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you .8 You will find it hard to make friends with people .A without pityB sad and lonelyC emotionally healthyD without real love for themE a sense of securityF a lonely wolf做完再看解析首先，我们看一下题目是Friendly Relations with the People Around，与周围人的良好关系。
2019年职称英语理工类A级语法讲解1
2019年职称英语理工类A级语法讲解1重难点词组1)动词词组根据其后的搭配又可分为①动+名；②动+介；③动+副；2)后接动名词的固定搭配、形容词词组、易混词组动词+名词形式have／gain access to能够获得gain／have an advantage over胜过，优于take advantage 0f利用，趁…之机d0／try oneg best尽力，努力make the besl 0f充分利用，妥善处理catch oneg breath屏息，歇口气take care 0f照顾，照料take charge of担任，负责take a delight in以…为乐take…into account考虑pay the way for为．．．铺平道路pay attention t0注意get the best of 胜过get the．better 0f打败，致胜take care小心．当心take a chance冒险一试keep company with与…交往make a／the difference有影响，很重要put into effect实行，生效take effect生效，起作用keep an eye on留意，照看find fault埋怨，挑剔come／g0 into force生效，实施be friends with对…友好，与…交上朋友keep oneg head保持镇静carry／bring into effect使生效，使起作用 come／go into effect生效，实施catch one eye引人注目make a face做鬼脸catch fire着火make friends交朋友，友好相处make fun 0f取笑，嘲弄lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心get hold 0f抓住，掌握throw／cast light on使明白，阐明。
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2019职称英语理工类a教材备考语法知识（一）
词类、句子成分和构词法
(一)词类
英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1.名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2.代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .
3.形容词(adj……)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .
4.数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5.动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .
6.副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、水准等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7.冠词(art……)：用在名词前,协助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.
8.介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.
9.连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .
10.感叹词(interj……)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.
(二)句子成分
英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1.主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2.谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由
动词担任。
如：Jack cleansthe room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3.表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或
者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is
Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4.宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常
由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接
宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语
后面,来强调间接宾语。
如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写
了一封信)。