电子版衡水中学高考状元笔记英语科

第一部分：语法讲解专题一：冠词一、考纲解读the a/an 无o考点、冠词（定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词）。

重点：冠词活用，表泛指、特指的用法。

五年江苏高考考点分布：泛指类指1题，特殊专指1题、习语1题、冠词活用3题。

二、知识归纳1、冠词的类别冠词名次ega（n）一个□c单1、A hores is enough（表数量）泛a（n）一类□c单2、A hores is a useful animal（表个体）指the一类□c单3、The hores is a useful animal（表全体）o一类□c单4、O Horses are useful animalso □u5、O Water is a liquid特□u6、The water in this well is sweet指the □c单7、The horse tied to the tree belongs to Mr Smith□c复8、The horses under the trees are Jack’s Tips：1）□c单泛指时用a/an2|）□c单□u泛指时不用冠词3）无论□c还是□u特指都用the2、不定冠词的用法a university student a union★①a+辅音音素eg a Eurapeon bay、 a one-eyed monkey、 a useful tool、aunited familyan+元音音素eg an hour、an honour、an honest boy、There is a“u”、an“am”and a “p”in thew★不是字母，是音素！所谓元音音素就是看单词第一个字母的发音，通常说的最多的是对于字母“u”的区别，当字母u发音为“∣ju:∣”时，如useful l European,则用a注：□c表示可数名词，单表单数□u表示不可数名词，复表复数○1表示for exemple○2表示“一个”与数词one相同eg.He is Frenchmon,not on Americon.○3占专有名词连用便是“某一个”“一个叫”的人eg.A mr smith is woiting for you ot the school gate.○4表示“每一个”相当于per 用于某些时间、数量、长度等单位前eg 500 dollars a ton :60 mile an hour:tuice a week.★○5 a + mast 表示“very”eg this is a mast Interesting book.That is a best dictronary.= this is a very Interesting book.That is a very good dictronary.Thps除了mast,还有其他表示最高级的词，如best等，也一样用。

★○6 a+序数词，表示“再一”“又一”eg You can try it.a second time if you foil.When I sat down.afifth man rose to speak.不表示第五个而是又一个男的○7a(n)+名词，作表语（表职业）eg He became a suilor ofter he grew up.★但 He turned sailor after he grew up.○8表“同一”“相同”等于the sameEg They are of on age =They are of the some age.Birds of a feather flock together.(物以类聚)○9感叹句中Eg what a splendid performonce it is!How serious the problem it is!Tips:这里详细讲一下what与how在感叹句中的用法。

1）What 只对名词发感叹○1what+a(an)+(形容词)+单□cEg what a day!What a beautiful girl she is!○2what+（形容词）+复□cEg what good students they are!○3what+（形容词）+□uEg what bad weather!2)How 可以对形容词、副词、名词、谓语动词发感叹○1How+形容词Eg how cold it is today!○2How+副词Eg How fast they are running!○3How+形容词+a(on)+单□cEg How good an example he set to us!○4How+many ∣much∣few∣little+名词Eg How mary books he has!○5对谓语动词发感叹Eg How time flies!华丽的分割线。

下面回到不定冠词的用法○10在so,as,too,how+形容词后Eg He is so famous a poet that he is admired by oters.It is as fine a day os I have ever spent.It is too difficult a book for you to read.He doesn’t know how precious a thing it is.○11在half,mony,quite,rather,such后Eg half a doien of apples.mary a flouer,quite a good idea.Rather a deuer boy,such a funny expression.○12物质名词具体化，表一类/阵/份。

Eg a heary rain /a coffce /a wonderful idea.○13抽象名词具体化，表一个具体的人或事Eg a great success/it is an honour to┄/it is a pleasure to…○14碰上独一无二东西前有修饰语时Eg we can see a full moon tnight.China hopes to hove a peaceful and friendly world in the rlst century. Tips:若无修饰词，用the,如the moon○15在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐前的名词有修饰语时Eg we had a very cold winter last year.A rainy Sunday I a wonderful lunch○16首次提到的可数名词单数前Eg There is a man at the gate.The man is Tom.○17可数名词泛指一类人或物前Eg A teacher must love his students.○18某些固定短语A great deal of+□u a number of as a resut of get in a word a great many+□u 复 a lot of all of a sudd in a hurry 匆忙go for a walk 出去散步 do a good deed 做好事after a while 过一会 hare a cold /look/rest/swim/fever/seat etcin a short while 不久即可 have a good time /time/trip etc.once in a while 不时偶尔 once upon a time 从前once at a time 一次一个 be a waste of 浪费2）定冠词的使用○1用在姓氏复数前，表一家人夫妇二人Eg The Greens are at table.○2用在年代、朝代名词及逢+的数词（表北欧个年代）前Eg the Tang Dgnasty / in the 1990’s 或in他和1980s○3用在表量度单位的名词前，表示“每一”Eg I have hired the car by the hour○4句型动词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部分中的the不可用人称物主代词代替Eg take sb by the arm ./bit sb in the face.He red in the face(脸红)/he blind in the eye(眼瞎)○5说及个类属的名词前Eg The lion is more fierce than the wolf.○6表方向、方位的名词前Eg in the east /west/north/southOn the right○7表自然现象名词前EG the weather、the climate、the wind*前面永远无冠词的词有：nature/cpace/health（太空）○8用才形容词前使之名词化、表一类人或事物EG the poor/the unemployed/the impossible○9乐器、文娱场所前EG play the violin/piano/guitargo to the cinema*中国乐器前不用the，如play erhu（二胡）当乐器作普通名词时，不用the，如：HE is playing a borrowed vioun ○10在某项发明的单数名词前EG The telephone was invented……○11用在only、right、same、vary之前，just之后EG the only personThis is the very book that I am eager to teadjust the○12民族、国籍的形容词连用指全体EG The Chinese/The English*○13用在越……越……结构中EG The busier he is 、the happier he feels○14专有名词（江河湖海洋、山脉群岛、海湾沙漠海峡、国名、公共建筑、组织机构、杂志会议）Eg the Yangtze River/the Atlantic Ocean/the Alps 阿尔卑斯山the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡/the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国the Great Wall/the British Museumthe United Nations/the World Trade Organizationthe Times泰晤士报/the Xi’an Inoident西安事变○15高考中常见的纯不可数名词要牢记，永远不与定冠词连用buggage(luggage)、furniture、health、weather、fun、space（太空）、advice、word、progress、information、news○16固定短语（这些词组用于写作都很好，以后会作统一整理，先被起来）at the age of *be in the habit of有……的习惯*make the mast/best of(充分利用) *the other day（several days ago）*not in the least(=not at all) by the end of到……时为止*in the way挡路 in the corner of在……角落里*on the one hand、on the other hand go to the doctor’s*on the air在广播 to tell you the truthTips:虽然看上去有法有缺点，怪吓人的，但全都不可忽视！巧计口诀：特指重提和唯一、方位顺序和乐器、姓氏复数国名全、岛屿海峡和海湾年代团体和机关、海洋党派最高级、沙漠河流与群山船名建筑和组织、会议条约和报刊、请你记住定冠词4、零冠词的使用○1不可数名词、复数名词表泛指Eg go for advice/Horses are useful onimals○2月、季、星期、节假、洲、称呼、头衔、职务前、三餐、球类、惯用语、学科、棋类*Eg We elected him president of the society特指He likes history，because he can learn the history of China.He speaks Chinesethe Chinese language○3turn,go 作为“变为、成为”Eg He turned scientist 原形常考*○4单数名次+as/though+主语+谓语，主句“意为”居然/尽管……但是……Eg Hero as he is、he has some shortcomings此为让步状语从句，写作中使用非常好*○5独立主格结构（非常重要）“名词+介词+名词”Eg He sat at the table pen in hand 独立主格a pen in his hand 独立主格with a pen in his hand(with复合结构)and a pen was in his hand(并列结构)○6有些不可数名词前尽管有形容词，也不用a/an，但特指可用theEg What fine weather it isHere is good news for youI with you good luck in everythingmake great progressHere is good news for you*这些都是常用易错的，要牢记！○7固定词组at mast最多 in place of(=take the place of) come into power(=take office)执政 in clebt负债by means of通过、借助 in charge of负责、管理（注意区别in the charge of被管理）catch sight of看见have words with与……争吵 side by side在旁边、邻接（注意区分have a word with聊天） under repair在修理中5、有无冠词的区别go to school去上学 *in sight of能看见go to the school到学校去 *in the sight of据……的见解go to church做礼拜 in future今后（从今以后全部将来）go to the church去教堂 in the future将来某时（不是从今天开始）be in prison在坐牢 on board坐船（车）be in the prison在监狱（不一定是烦人） on the boards当演员in front of（外部）的前面 in office执政in the front of（内部）的前面 in the office在办公室take place发生 in place of代替take the place of代替 in the place of在……的地方in possession of sth拥有某物 out of question（=beyond question）毫无疑问in the possession of sth out of the question；impossible不可能为某人所拥有*in charge of sth负责某事 on earth （究竟）在地球上*sth be in the charge of tb on the earth在地球上某事由某人负责Tips：这些词组都是高考中经常出现的，一定要好好的区分.三、例题讲解1、（2011课标，全国I 33）It is generally accepted that boy mustlearn to stand up and fight like manA a、aB a、theC the、theD a、不填选A，句意：人们普遍认为男孩子就该尝会站起来像男人一样去战斗Tips：boy与man都是□c，表泛指2、（2011江西，22） It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60，000 year， Right，he will also get paid by week.A the、theB a、theC the、aD a、a选B，year是单数名词，$60，000 a year相当与$60，000every yearby+the+表单位的名词，意为“按……”3、（2011、浙江、2）Experts think that recently discovered painting may be PicassoA the、不填B a、theC a、不填D the、a选D，句意：专家们最近发现的那副画可能是毕加索的画Tips：第一空特指“最近发现的画”，第二空特指“毕加索的一幅画”4、When you finish reading the book,you will have better understanding of lifeA a、theB the、aC the、theD a、/选D，固定词组 have a better understanding of sth 出现频率超高5、Washing machinos made by China have won worldwide ottention and Haier has become popular name.A a、theB /、aC /、theD the、a选B，固定词组 win attention获得关注become a popular name成名6、—I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting—It’s not your fault With rush howr traffic and-heavy rain,it is no wonder you were lateA a、aB the、theC /、/D /、a选B 两空都特指，这可由rush-hour 和heary这两个形容词作的修饰看出7、（2010、江苏、21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fast that people from all walks of life are working hard for new JiangsuA /、aB /、theC the、aD the、the选A all walks of life 社会个阶层people 这里作泛指，不加冠词Jiangsu 一般不加冠词，但前面有形容词修饰，要用不定冠词句意：来江苏的游客都对此印象深刻，为了一个崭新的江苏，来自各行各业的人都在努力着。