学术论文的英文写作简介PPT(共34页)
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英语论文写作概述PPT课件
2021/3/12
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▪ An introduction usually includes the following elements:
▪ 1) Introduce the topic or problem with which the research essay is concerned.
▪ 2) Give a clear definition of the topic and of the related key terms.
▪ 1) How is your research carried out? ▪ 2) How are your data collected? ▪ 3) How are your results obtained?
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▪ The significance is: knowing how the data are collected helps the readers evaluate the validity and reliability of your results and your conclusion.
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Lecture 2 Writing an Academic Essay
▪ In most cases an academic essay is a kind of documented report from the writer’s first-hand acquisition, synthesis and interpretation of information, data and findings.
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▪ A typical academic essay includes the following parts:
英文科技论文写作PPT课件(英文)-106页PPT资料
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We-sentences appear in many leading journals
In this report, we define a mechanism for … and discover distinct roles for … We use … assays to … We demonstrate that … We
provide evidence that … (Science)
The majority of known … To identify the responsible genes, we mapped virulence in F1 progeny derived from crosses between type II and type III strains, which we17源自Ⅲ. It-sentence
“It-sentences” are often used in science writing, particularly by Chinese authors. However, most of the “it-sentences” are unnecessary.
1. History
1) It has begun publication since 1990(semiannual publication)
2) It has become a quarterly journal and indexed by EI compendex since 2019
3) It has become the cooperated with Elsevier since 2019(attracting foreign authors)
We-sentences appear in many leading journals
In this report, we define a mechanism for … and discover distinct roles for … We use … assays to … We demonstrate that … We
provide evidence that … (Science)
The majority of known … To identify the responsible genes, we mapped virulence in F1 progeny derived from crosses between type II and type III strains, which we17源自Ⅲ. It-sentence
“It-sentences” are often used in science writing, particularly by Chinese authors. However, most of the “it-sentences” are unnecessary.
1. History
1) It has begun publication since 1990(semiannual publication)
2) It has become a quarterly journal and indexed by EI compendex since 2019
3) It has become the cooperated with Elsevier since 2019(attracting foreign authors)
英文学术论文写作方法 ppt课件
Genre：语类，语体，体裁，即根据写作目的把天下文章归 类划分的行为。
Swales (1990)： A class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes.
Bhatia(1993)：A recognizable communicative event characterized by a set of communicative purposes identified and mutually understood by the members of the professional academic community in which it regularly occurs. Most often it is highly structured and conventionalized.
名词化不但增加了词汇密度，而且使得新信息变成旧信息， 更使得更新的信息被介绍进来。层层深入，直达核心，越 来越具体，象剥洋葱。
P6集成引用、非集成引用、施事、盖然性 引用是指在论文的某些章节（例如在文献回顾、讨论部分），
要提到某个研究者，并引用这位研究者所说过的一句话或 理论主张，或下的定义，或研究发现。 集成引用指的是在论文里直接提到作者。下面的Chomsky 的例子就是。再如, Swales(1990) stated that , (P92，第 8段第4行、第15段第3行 ），当作者重要时. 非集成引用指的是不直接提及作者，而是注释一下，例如放 在句末括号里，或标注（P15第1段第3、5、7行），当作 者不重要时 。 施事，agent：指做某件事的人，与受事recipient对应。被 动态中的施事指的是被动句中动作的发出者，例如：As is suggested by Chomsky(1965).这句中的Chomsky就 是一个施事。 盖然性, 或然性，probability: 数学概念，指某种情况的发生 概率不是100%，而是处于0-1之间(若为no，则是0，若为yes，则是1， 处于两者之间的就是probably) 。在书中此处意思是过去时和现 在完成时的使用不是完全非此即彼，文中用了“比较普 遍”，“多使用”等词表示。Mostly, usually, sometimes, always， maybe,
学术英语写作English Academic WritingPPT课件
2021/3/25
授课：XXX
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For Academic Writing:
--- It is based on extensive research of proved facts and authoritative testimony.
first-hand experiments
field research
--- Value Principle
--- Scientific Principle
--- Innovative Principle
--- Feasibility Principle
2.2 Methods for Choosing a Title
--- Consult your professor or an expert
The role of women in today’s society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women’s movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.
英语学术论文写作 ppt课件
meaning and theme, thus striking the reader as having some deliberate and
unique artistic values in the novel and reinforce the theme of the novel with an
• William Faulkner (1897-1962 )
• TOPIC
• The repetition of certain nouns in the sound and the fury
• QUESTION
• What is the function of repetition in the novel?
学士论文的结构
• TITLE • ABSTRACT • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • CONTENTS • LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (IF ANY) • INTRODUCTION • MAIN BODY • CONCLUSION • BIBLIOGRAPHY • APPENDICES ( IF ANY)
important.
• 优：because solvent reorganization is a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• B) 用“AND” 或 “OR” 时含义要明确，避免用斜线符号（/）。 • 劣：hot / cold extremes will damage the samples. • 优：hot and cold extremes will damage the samples.
• THESIS
unique artistic values in the novel and reinforce the theme of the novel with an
• William Faulkner (1897-1962 )
• TOPIC
• The repetition of certain nouns in the sound and the fury
• QUESTION
• What is the function of repetition in the novel?
学士论文的结构
• TITLE • ABSTRACT • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • CONTENTS • LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (IF ANY) • INTRODUCTION • MAIN BODY • CONCLUSION • BIBLIOGRAPHY • APPENDICES ( IF ANY)
important.
• 优：because solvent reorganization is a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• B) 用“AND” 或 “OR” 时含义要明确，避免用斜线符号（/）。 • 劣：hot / cold extremes will damage the samples. • 优：hot and cold extremes will damage the samples.
• THESIS
英语学术论文写作 PPT课件
address as a data. A qualitative one rather than a quantitative one.
7.Bibliography
❖ Anderson, R. The power and the word—Language, Power and Change [M]. London: Praeger Publisher, 1998.
do for you; ask what you can do for your country”—derived from Kennedy’s presidential inaugural address
Thank You!
L/O/G/O
2. Literature review
Previous studies:
❖ 1、Halliday :defines the semantic system. ❖ 2、Brainslaw Malinowski：puts forward phatic communion. ❖ 3、Buhler：from a psychological perspective, distinguished three functions of
Somethings we have learned:
❖ 1 realizes the significance for the successful use of interpersonal meaning in political speech.
❖ 2 makes comparisons with each review,finds the deficiency,and trys to make good.
Candidate:xxx Supervisor: xxxxxxxx
7.Bibliography
❖ Anderson, R. The power and the word—Language, Power and Change [M]. London: Praeger Publisher, 1998.
do for you; ask what you can do for your country”—derived from Kennedy’s presidential inaugural address
Thank You!
L/O/G/O
2. Literature review
Previous studies:
❖ 1、Halliday :defines the semantic system. ❖ 2、Brainslaw Malinowski：puts forward phatic communion. ❖ 3、Buhler：from a psychological perspective, distinguished three functions of
Somethings we have learned:
❖ 1 realizes the significance for the successful use of interpersonal meaning in political speech.
❖ 2 makes comparisons with each review,finds the deficiency,and trys to make good.
Candidate:xxx Supervisor: xxxxxxxx
学术英语写作课件-Academic-writing
Title Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgement References
Characteristics of Academic Writing
Creativity Scientificity Standardization
Academic Writing
Research Paper Research Report Dissertation / Thesis
General Format: IMRAD Introduction, Materials and Methods, Resultsand Fra bibliotekiscussion
4. 避免使用一长串形容词或名语为修饰名词，可将 这些词分成几个前置短语，用连字符连接，作为 单位形容词（一个形容词）； E.g. he asked with a father-knows-best tone
5. 不使用俚词外语表达概念，慎用行话和俗语，应 用标准英语；
6. 对那些已经为大众所熟悉的缩写词，可以直接使 用，对于那些仅为同行所熟悉缩略语，应在题目 、文摘或关键词中至少出现一次全称。
Preparing for a Research Paper
Choosing a Topic Preparing the References Analyzing the Data Making the Outline
The Structure of a Research Paper
Do not commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar. It is better to write about the research than about the paper.
Characteristics of Academic Writing
Creativity Scientificity Standardization
Academic Writing
Research Paper Research Report Dissertation / Thesis
General Format: IMRAD Introduction, Materials and Methods, Resultsand Fra bibliotekiscussion
4. 避免使用一长串形容词或名语为修饰名词，可将 这些词分成几个前置短语，用连字符连接，作为 单位形容词（一个形容词）； E.g. he asked with a father-knows-best tone
5. 不使用俚词外语表达概念，慎用行话和俗语，应 用标准英语；
6. 对那些已经为大众所熟悉的缩写词，可以直接使 用，对于那些仅为同行所熟悉缩略语，应在题目 、文摘或关键词中至少出现一次全称。
Preparing for a Research Paper
Choosing a Topic Preparing the References Analyzing the Data Making the Outline
The Structure of a Research Paper
Do not commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar. It is better to write about the research than about the paper.
英语学术论文写作ppt课件
The keywords
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Linguistic features
More nouns 采用名词而不是动词
Limited numbers 平均4-6个关键词
Like
Keywords:Chemical conditioning,EPS,Inorganiccoagulants, Physicochemical properties,Sludge dewaterability（5）
b School of Environment & Municipal Engineer,Xi’an University of Architecture Technology,Xi’an 710055,China
3
The keywords — General function
1 Easiness of highlighting 2 Easiness of retrieval
The Title
1
Examples
EXTRACTION OF EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERS FROM ACTIVATED SLUDGE USING A CATION EXCHANGE RESIN(12)
用阳离子树脂法从活性污泥中提取胞外聚合物
Anoxic and aerobic values for the yield coefficient of the heterotrophic biomass:Determination at full-scale plants and consequences on simulations (20)
理化性质与污泥脱水能力在采用无机混凝剂的化学条件下之间的关系
2
The Author/Affiliation— General function
英文学术论文写作-研究生教学(全英文)ppt课件
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English for Academic Paper Writing & Publication
Unit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywords
2. Author/affiliation General functions bearing author’s responsibility; facilitating retrieval & correspondence; heightening celebrity Linguistic features spelling names (HU Jingtao, Hu Jingtao, LI Ju, Li Ju); giving correct information about affiliation (no abbreviations; adequate postal address; zip code)
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English for Academic Paper Writing & Publication
Unit 2 Title, author, affiliation & keyபைடு நூலகம்ords
Abstract: Equality of educational opportunity is the
key of educational equality and the reflection of
multiple authors multiple affiliations internal units
10
English for Academic Paper Writing & Publication
Unit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywords
English for Academic Paper Writing & Publication
Unit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywords
2. Author/affiliation General functions bearing author’s responsibility; facilitating retrieval & correspondence; heightening celebrity Linguistic features spelling names (HU Jingtao, Hu Jingtao, LI Ju, Li Ju); giving correct information about affiliation (no abbreviations; adequate postal address; zip code)
12
English for Academic Paper Writing & Publication
Unit 2 Title, author, affiliation & keyபைடு நூலகம்ords
Abstract: Equality of educational opportunity is the
key of educational equality and the reflection of
multiple authors multiple affiliations internal units
10
English for Academic Paper Writing & Publication
Unit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywords
英语学术论文写作引言课件
Preview the methodology
Briefly introduce the research methodology and any specific data sources or analytical techniques that will be used to address the research questions.
Narrow the scope
Gradually narrow the focus to the specific research problem or question, highlighting its significance and relevance to the field.
Establish credibility
Explain the significance of the research questions or assumptions.
Describe any potential implications or applications of the research findings related to the research questions or assumptions.
Overall, a well-written introduction is essential for any academic paper as it sets the stage for the entire research, engaging readers and providing them with a clear understanding of what the paper entails.
State the objectives
Briefly introduce the research methodology and any specific data sources or analytical techniques that will be used to address the research questions.
Narrow the scope
Gradually narrow the focus to the specific research problem or question, highlighting its significance and relevance to the field.
Establish credibility
Explain the significance of the research questions or assumptions.
Describe any potential implications or applications of the research findings related to the research questions or assumptions.
Overall, a well-written introduction is essential for any academic paper as it sets the stage for the entire research, engaging readers and providing them with a clear understanding of what the paper entails.
State the objectives
研究生电气专业英语——学术论文的英文写作个人简介ppt课件
研究生电气专业英语——学术论文的英文写作个人简介
Title of Papers
论文标题中，有些冠词可以省略，例如：
(1) Summary on Development of Switched Reluctance Machine 开关磁阻电机发展综述（在Summary前省略 了定冠词The）。
Latent demand and the browsing shopper (名词词组+名词词组)
Cost and productivity (名词+名词)
研究生电气专业英语——学术论文的英文写作个人简介
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科技论文标题的写法
二、介词词组
介词词组由介词十名词或名词词组构成。如果整个 标题就是一个介词词组的话，一般这个介词是 “on”，意思是“对……的研究”。例如：
研究生电气专业英语——学术论文的英文写作个人简介
4
学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
1、致谢
为了对曾给予支持与帮助或关心的人表示感谢，在论文之后， 作者通常对有关人员致以简短的谢词，可用如下方式： I am thankful to sb. for sth I am grateful to sb. for sth I am deeply indebted to sb. for sth I would like to thank sb. for sth. Thanks are due to sb. for sth The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to sb. for sth. The author wishes to acknowledge sb. The author wishes to express his gratitude for sth.
Title of Papers
论文标题中，有些冠词可以省略，例如：
(1) Summary on Development of Switched Reluctance Machine 开关磁阻电机发展综述（在Summary前省略 了定冠词The）。
Latent demand and the browsing shopper (名词词组+名词词组)
Cost and productivity (名词+名词)
研究生电气专业英语——学术论文的英文写作个人简介
9
科技论文标题的写法
二、介词词组
介词词组由介词十名词或名词词组构成。如果整个 标题就是一个介词词组的话，一般这个介词是 “on”，意思是“对……的研究”。例如：
研究生电气专业英语——学术论文的英文写作个人简介
4
学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
1、致谢
为了对曾给予支持与帮助或关心的人表示感谢，在论文之后， 作者通常对有关人员致以简短的谢词，可用如下方式： I am thankful to sb. for sth I am grateful to sb. for sth I am deeply indebted to sb. for sth I would like to thank sb. for sth. Thanks are due to sb. for sth The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to sb. for sth. The author wishes to acknowledge sb. The author wishes to express his gratitude for sth.
06科技英语论文写作引言和文章综述(精美PPT)
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分4秒
Language points in Move 3
• Points learned:
− Make clear the transition between Move 2 and 3 by beginning the sentence with a phrase that suggests to the reader you’re going to respond to the niche created (e.g., “To address this problem,”).
7
Assignment
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Where is the introduction/LR section located?
In theses and dissertations or
In research papers
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
How long should the introduction section be?
Sorry! There is no definite answer to this question.
Find the most authoritative papers
in your field and imitate
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Which of the shapes best demonstrates the structure of a research introduction?
3. Language points in Move 1, 2, 3
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分4秒
Language points in Move 1
Language points in Move 3
• Points learned:
− Make clear the transition between Move 2 and 3 by beginning the sentence with a phrase that suggests to the reader you’re going to respond to the niche created (e.g., “To address this problem,”).
7
Assignment
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Where is the introduction/LR section located?
In theses and dissertations or
In research papers
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
How long should the introduction section be?
Sorry! There is no definite answer to this question.
Find the most authoritative papers
in your field and imitate
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Which of the shapes best demonstrates the structure of a research introduction?
3. Language points in Move 1, 2, 3
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分4秒
Language points in Move 1
英语议论文写作指导(共26张PPT)
Use proper grammar and Ensurpe uthnatcytouurasetnitoennces
are grammatically correct and use appropriate punctuation marks to clarify your meaning.
How to maintain clear and concise language
Use persuasive phrases
Use phrases that are designed to persuade your reader. For example, you can use phrases like "it is evident that," "it is clear that," or "there is no doubt that" to strengthen your argument.
定义
Argumentative essay，又称议论性文章，是一种阐述观点、论证论题的写作形式。 其主要目的是通过逻辑推理和事实证据来支持或反驳某一观点，从而说服读者。
重要性
Argumentative essays在学术和日常生活中都非常重要。在学术领域，它们是 评估学生批判性思维和表达能力的重要方式。在日常生活中，良好的议论文写作 能力有助于我们清晰地表达观点，说服他人，以及解决问题。
supporting your overall argument.
03
The arguments of argumentative essays
How to use facts and data as evidence
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学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
1、致谢 为了对曾给予支持与帮助或关心的人表示感谢，在论文之后， 作者通常对有关人员致以简短的谢词，可用如下方式： I am thankful to sb. for sth I am grateful to sb. for sth I am deeply indebted to sb. for sth I would like to thank sb. for sth. Thanks are due to sb. for sth The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to sb. for sth. The author wishes to acknowledge sb. The author wishes to express his gratitude for sth.
6
学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
3、参考文献
在论文的最后应将写论文所参考过的主要论著列出， 目的是表示对别人成果的尊重或表示本论文的科学 根据，同时也便于读者查阅。参考文献的列法如下：
如果是书籍，应依次写出作者、书名、出版社名称、 出版年代、页数。如:
Dailey, C.L. and Wood, F.C., Computation curves for compressible Fluid Problems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 1949, pp.37-39
Acknowledgement(致谢)
Notes(注释)
References(参考文献)
Appendix(附录)
一篇完整规范的学术 论文结构如右所示： 其中， Title， Abstract， Introduction， Method， Result，Discussion， Conclusion和 Reference 八项内容是必不可少 的，其他内容则根据 具体需要而定
2
学术论文的英文写作简介
三、结论
在正文最后应有结论（Conclusions）或建议
：
① The following conclusions can be drawn
from …(由……可得出如下结论)
② It can be concluded that …(可以得出结论……)
7
学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
3、参考文献
如果是论文，应依次写出作者、论文题目、杂志名称、
卷次、期次、页数。如：
Marrish Joseph G.,Turbulence Modeling for
Computational Aerodynamics, AIAA J.Vol-
21,No.7, 1983, PP.941-955
学术论文的英文写作简介
一、科技论文的结构
Title(标题)
Abstract(摘要)
Keywords(关键词)
Table of contents(目录)
Nomenclature(术语表)
Introduction(引言)
正
Method(方法) Results(结果)
文 Discussion(讨论)
Conclusion(结论)
5
学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
2、注释 注释有两种方式，一种为脚注，即将注释放在出现的当页底部； 另一种是将全文注释集中在结尾部分。两种注释位置不同，方 法一样。注释内容包括: (1) 引文出处。注释方式参见“参考文献”。 (2) 对引文的说明,如作者的见解、解释。 (3) 文中所提到的人的身份，依次为职称或职务、单位。如: Professor, Dean of Dept…. University（教授，……大 学……系主任） Chairman, … Company, USA（美国……公司董事长） (4) 本论文是否曾发表过。
如果是会议的会刊或论文集，则应指出会议举行的时
③ We may conclude that…或We come to the
conclusion that…(我们得出如下结论……)
④ It is generally accepted (believed, held,
acknowledged) that…(一般认为…)(用于表示肯定
的结论)
⑤ We think (consider, believe, feel) that…(我们认
为…)(用于表示留有商量余地的结论)
3
学术论文的英文写作简介
三、结论
在正文最后应有结论（Conclusions）或建议 (Suggestions)。 (2) 关于建议可用如下表达方式。 ① It is advantageous to (do) ② It should be realized (emphasized, stressed, noted, pointed out ) that … ③ It is suggested (proposed, recommended, desirable) that … ④ It would be better (helpful, advisable) that…
1
学术论文的英文写作简介
二、正文
学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个 部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过 程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究 结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总 体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题 的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。 为了帮助说明论据、事实，正文中经常使用各种图表。最常用 的是附图（Figure）和表（Table），此外还有图解或简图 （Diagram）、曲线图或流程图（Graph）、视图（View）、 剖面图（Profile）、图案（Pattern）等。在文中提到时，通 常的表达法为： 如图 4 所示 As (is) shown in Fig.4, 如表 1 所示 As (is) shown in Tab.1,
学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
1、致谢 为了对曾给予支持与帮助或关心的人表示感谢，在论文之后， 作者通常对有关人员致以简短的谢词，可用如下方式： I am thankful to sb. for sth I am grateful to sb. for sth I am deeply indebted to sb. for sth I would like to thank sb. for sth. Thanks are due to sb. for sth The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to sb. for sth. The author wishes to acknowledge sb. The author wishes to express his gratitude for sth.
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学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
3、参考文献
在论文的最后应将写论文所参考过的主要论著列出， 目的是表示对别人成果的尊重或表示本论文的科学 根据，同时也便于读者查阅。参考文献的列法如下：
如果是书籍，应依次写出作者、书名、出版社名称、 出版年代、页数。如:
Dailey, C.L. and Wood, F.C., Computation curves for compressible Fluid Problems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 1949, pp.37-39
Acknowledgement(致谢)
Notes(注释)
References(参考文献)
Appendix(附录)
一篇完整规范的学术 论文结构如右所示： 其中， Title， Abstract， Introduction， Method， Result，Discussion， Conclusion和 Reference 八项内容是必不可少 的，其他内容则根据 具体需要而定
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学术论文的英文写作简介
三、结论
在正文最后应有结论（Conclusions）或建议
：
① The following conclusions can be drawn
from …(由……可得出如下结论)
② It can be concluded that …(可以得出结论……)
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学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
3、参考文献
如果是论文，应依次写出作者、论文题目、杂志名称、
卷次、期次、页数。如：
Marrish Joseph G.,Turbulence Modeling for
Computational Aerodynamics, AIAA J.Vol-
21,No.7, 1983, PP.941-955
学术论文的英文写作简介
一、科技论文的结构
Title(标题)
Abstract(摘要)
Keywords(关键词)
Table of contents(目录)
Nomenclature(术语表)
Introduction(引言)
正
Method(方法) Results(结果)
文 Discussion(讨论)
Conclusion(结论)
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学术论文的英文写作简介
四、结尾部分
2、注释 注释有两种方式，一种为脚注，即将注释放在出现的当页底部； 另一种是将全文注释集中在结尾部分。两种注释位置不同，方 法一样。注释内容包括: (1) 引文出处。注释方式参见“参考文献”。 (2) 对引文的说明,如作者的见解、解释。 (3) 文中所提到的人的身份，依次为职称或职务、单位。如: Professor, Dean of Dept…. University（教授，……大 学……系主任） Chairman, … Company, USA（美国……公司董事长） (4) 本论文是否曾发表过。
如果是会议的会刊或论文集，则应指出会议举行的时
③ We may conclude that…或We come to the
conclusion that…(我们得出如下结论……)
④ It is generally accepted (believed, held,
acknowledged) that…(一般认为…)(用于表示肯定
的结论)
⑤ We think (consider, believe, feel) that…(我们认
为…)(用于表示留有商量余地的结论)
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学术论文的英文写作简介
三、结论
在正文最后应有结论（Conclusions）或建议 (Suggestions)。 (2) 关于建议可用如下表达方式。 ① It is advantageous to (do) ② It should be realized (emphasized, stressed, noted, pointed out ) that … ③ It is suggested (proposed, recommended, desirable) that … ④ It would be better (helpful, advisable) that…
1
学术论文的英文写作简介
二、正文
学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个 部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过 程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究 结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总 体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题 的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。 为了帮助说明论据、事实，正文中经常使用各种图表。最常用 的是附图（Figure）和表（Table），此外还有图解或简图 （Diagram）、曲线图或流程图（Graph）、视图（View）、 剖面图（Profile）、图案（Pattern）等。在文中提到时，通 常的表达法为： 如图 4 所示 As (is) shown in Fig.4, 如表 1 所示 As (is) shown in Tab.1,