词汇学术语

第一章
词word, lexis
词汇vocabulary，lexicon
本族词native words
外来词borrowed words
词汇学lexicology
形态学morphology
语义学semantics
词汇语义学lexical semantics
认知语义学cognitive semantics
词源学etymology
词典学lexicography
认知词典学cognitive lexicography
语料库语言学corpus linguistics
纵聚合关系paradigmatic relation
新词coinage
时髦词语buzzwords
第二章
词素morpheme
自由词素free form
粘着词素bound form\morpheme
变体allomorph
词根root
自由词根free root
粘着词根bound root
组合词素combining form
词缀affix
前缀prefix
后缀suffix
词缀法affixation
派生法derivation
派生词derivative
构词能力productivity
复合法compounding，composition
复合词compound
转化法conversion 或功能转化法functional shift 或转移法transmutation 零位后缀派生法derivation by zero suffix 或零位派生法zero derivation
第三章
拼缀法blending
截短法clipping
首字母拼写法acronmy
逆生法back formation
由专有名词而来words from proper names
拟声法onomatopoeia
缩略法abbreviation 或shortening
截短词clipped word
首字母缩略词initialism
首字母拼音词acronym
拼缀词blend
截除词尾apocope
截除词首aphaeresis
截除首尾front and back clipping
截除词腰syncope
缩约形式contractions
混成词telescope word
行囊词portmanteau word
拟声词onomatopoetic word 或imitative word或echo word 基本拟声词primary onomatopoeia
次要拟声词secondary onomatopoeia
第四章
语义sense
词义meaning
意义（概念）meaning（concept）
理据motivation
拟声理据onomatopoeic motivation
形态理据morphologic motivation
语义理据semantic motivation
词源理据etymologic motivation
固定意义timeless meaning 或字面意义literal meaning
应用固定意义applied timeless meaning
语义情景意义occasion meaning
说话者的情景意义utterer`s occasion meaning
概念意义conceptual meaning
外延意义denotative meaning
认知意义cognitive meaning
语义特征semantic features
语义成分semantic components
内涵意义connotative meaning
社会意义social meaning
情感意义affective meaning
褒义化appreciative
贬义化pejorative
依附性范畴parasitic category
联想意义reflective meaning
委婉词语euphemistic expressions
搭配意义collocative meaning
主题意义thematic meaning
语义成分分析法componential analysis
语义场理论semantic field theory
义素sememe 也称语义特征、语义成分或语义标示semantic markers
区别性语义特征distinctive semantic feature
表活动的词activity verb
表过程的词process verb
表身体感受的词verb of bodily sensation
表过度性事件的词transitional event verb
表短暂活动的词momentary verb
同义义场synonymy
反义义场antonymy
同义场又分为：dialectal synonyms，stylistic synonyms，collocational synonyms，semantically different synonyms
反义场分为：gradable antonyms，complementary antonyms，relational antonyms
认知现实主义cognitive realism
框架语义学frame semantics
第六章
词义关系sense relations
同义词synonym
概念标准conceptual criterion
语义标准semantic criterion
基本意义denotation
内涵成分connotation
可替换性标准interchangeable criterion
完全同义词absolute，exact，perfect synonyms
部分同义词near，partial，loose synonyms
口语体colloquial
俚语slang
方言dialect
书面体written
学术体learned
术语体terminological
古语archaic
语义相反semantic oppositeness
绝对反义词true antonym或矛盾词contradictory terms或二元反义词binary antonym或互补词complementaries 或不可分级反义词non-gradable antonym
两极反义词polar antonym或相反词contrary terms或可分级反义词gradable antonym
相对反义词converse antonym或相互反义词reciprocal antonym 或关系反义词relational opposites
多项不相容词multiple incompatibility
矛盾修饰法oxymoron
一词多义polysemy
多义词polysemic words
原型prototype
家族相似形family resemblance
直线形关系发展linear relation
非直线形关系发展non-linear relation
指代anaphora
同型异义关系homonymy
音同sound-alike
形同look-alike
同形（同音）异义词homonym
同音异形（异义）词homophone
同形异义词homograph
层级关系hierarchical relation
下义词hyponym
下义关系hyponymy
共下义词co- hyponym
上义词superordinate term
包含关系relationship of inclusion
准下义关系quasi- hyponymy
词汇分类结构lexical taxonomy
分类关系taxonomy
分类词taxonyms
上类词superordinate
共类词co- taxonyms
共类关系co- taxonomy
准分类关系quasi-taxonomy
核心分类词core taxonym
原型分类词prototypical taxonym
外围分类词peripheral taxonym
可及性transitivity
可推理性deduction
部分整体关系partonomy
分总的层次关系part-whole
总项superordinate
分项meronym
必要分项necessary meronym
非必要分项optional meronym
空词项lexical gap
第七章
词义的发展meaning development
词义的转移meaning shift
字面意义literal meaning
比喻意义figurative meaning
语言内部linguistic
语言外部extra- linguistic
迂回说法circumlocution
词义的扩大the enlarging/widening/extension/expansion of meaning
词义的一般化the generalization of meaning
词义的缩小the narrowing/restriction of meaning
词义的特殊化the specialization of meaning
词义的升格the elevation/ascent/amelioration of meaning
词义的降格degradation/degeneration/deterioration/catachresis/pejoration of meaning 委婉词语euphemism
新义的诞生
废弃义obsolete meaning
过时义archaic meaning/old-fashioned
词义转移semantic shift
类比analogy
隐喻metaphor
相似likeness 联想association
借代metonymy
提喻synecdoche
移位修饰transferred epithet
通感synaesthesia
拟声onomatopoeia
中心范畴central category
边缘范畴marginal category
相似性similarity 相邻性contact
放射型或辐射型radiation
连锁型concatenation
综合性
词义的繁衍proliferation
第八章
历时的角度diachronic overview
谱系分类法genetic classification
原始语parent language
语系大家族superfamily
古英语old English
中古英语middle English
现代英语modern English
本族词语native words
借词loan/borrowed words
新词neologism
世界性词汇cosmopolitan vocabulary
源语言source language
接受语言borrowing language
第十章
新词neologism或vogue words
重新分析法reanalysis
重叠法reduplication
第十一章
搭配collocation
词语组合combinations of words
固定型组合fixed combination
自由型组合free combination
习惯型搭配natural collocation
语言环境linguistic context
搭配的理据motivation of collocation
语法理据grammatical motivation
语义理据semantic motivation
语用理据pragmatic motivation
语用性习惯性用语pragmatic idioms
认知理据cognitive motivation
第十二章
成语idiom
自由词组free phrase
固定词组restricted collocation
纯成语pure idioms
半成语semi- idioms
字面意义的成语literal idioms
习用性idiomaticity
定型性syntactic frozenness
整体性semantic unity
不透明性semantic opacity
语言的晦涩或透明的程度差异degrees of opacity 透明的transparent
半成语semi- idiom
半透明semi- transparent
不透明的opaque
隐喻metaphor 明喻simile idioms
比喻成语figurative idioms
隐喻成语metaphorical idioms
明喻成语similized idioms
单词动词single-word verb
多词动词multi-word verb
短语动词phrasal verbs
介词动词prepositional verbs
短语介词动词phrasal- prepositional verbs
英语谚语English proverbs
头韵alliteration
元韵assonance
尾韵end rhyme
头韵兼尾韵alliteration and end rhyme
英语谚语词格特征
明喻simile
隐喻metaphor
借喻analogy
换喻metonymy
拟人personification
夸张hyperbole
重复repetition
排比parallels
对偶antithesis
倒装inversion
省略ellipsis
英语词组或英语成对词twin words或words in pairs。