英语词汇学 术语解释

.'

Lexicology the

is into linguistics, inquiring a branch of

origins and meanings of words.

Morphology different

their and the : study of morpheme

forms.

Semantics the study of word meaning.

：Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning.

Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer

Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study one

or words at a : the study of word

particular point in time.

Diachronic study studies

which to : an approach lexicology

how a word (or words) changes over a period of time.

word: a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. vocabulary：Vocabulary refers to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period.Vocabulary also refers to all the words of a given dialect, given book, a given discipline

;..

.'

and the words possessed by an individual person. Terminology in

technical of terms used 术语consists

particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine: Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which

行话and arts, sciences, trades members of particular

in such as professions communicate among themselves business.

slang belongs to the sub-standard language, a category

俚语that seems to stand between the standard general words

in-group and available including informal ones to everyone words

Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals. Its

黑话use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can

hardly understand it,

Archaisms in

once are words or forms that were 古词语or restricted only specialized to are common use but now

limited use.

Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions,

新词语or words that have taken on new meanings. denizens and

past in are 同化词words borrowed early the

now are well assimilated into the English language. Alien retained

which borrowed 非同化词are words have

;..

.'

their original pronunciation and spelling. Translation-loans.Translation-loans are words and

借译词

the existing expressions formed from the material in English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.

Semantic-loans not

借义词Words of this category are

borrowed with reference to the form. But their meanings are borrowed.

wordContent : the basic word stock is the foundation of the

forms ,which accumulated and over centuries vocabulary the common core of the language. It is the most important part of vocabulary.

Creation : the formation of new words by using the existing elements. and other affixes materials, namely roots, Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.

Morpheme: the smallest meaningful unit in a language Allomorph: any of the different forms of a morpheme Free morpheme: a linguistic form which can be used on its own as a word

morphemeBound : a form (morpheme) which can not he used

Bound

another used must alone hut be with morpheme.

;..

.'