语言变体

3.2.5 Individual Dialect ----Idiolect (个人言
语方式)

Because of the differences in region and social backgrounds ( status Ethnic Gender Age), a specific person will display his or her own
scope. English– BrE, AmE, HK English…… eg. Tomato Either defence- defense humor-humour Sweets –candy British English —Standard English，Wales English， Cockney ……
3.2 Dialects
Definition：Dialects are language variations that are associated with different users of the lg. User‘s differences: Region , time, social class, age, gender, ethnic and so on.
Variety of Language
Content
3.1 Two Kinds of Varieties 3.2 Dialects
3.3 Registers
3.4The Mutual Dependence Between Registers
and Dialect
3.5 The Social Meaning of Language Varieties
3.2.3 Social Dialect （社会方言）
Definition: A variety associated with certain social group. Social and political boundaries separate people and produce their different speech ways . Each group tends to have its distinctive ways of speaking.
3.2.1 Temporal Dialect （时间方言）
Definition: A variety which correlates with the
various period of the development of lg. Old English, Middle English, Modern English eg. Portly----fat noble and dignified
In Linguistic study
Diachronic Linguistic 研究语言经历不同时间阶段而
出现的变化
3.2.2 Regional Dialect（地域方言）
Definition: Language varies from region to region, it
refers to language used in particular geographical
3.1 Two kinds of Varieties
Question: How does the varieties of language occur?
Language is always used in a context (situations), which
always depends consistently one some regular sets of language features. According to the characteristics of the users in speech event ---- dialectal varieties(方言变体) According to the different use of language in speech event ---- diatypic varieties（功能变体）
with each other, irrespective of their social standing or
regional background.

Eg. Standard British English, Standard American English, Mandarin

Formal situation：government (official language) ,media , literature work, speech, normal education, education for

① Socioeconomic status varieties
Eg. Sweet ---middle class dessert---lower-middle class
pudding---all social stratifications

② Ethnic varieties Ethnic group tend to develop and maintain distinctive speechways of their own. eg. Black English ① simplification of consonant clusters eg. Desk-des passed-pass ② omission of be eg. That house big ③multiple-negative constructions eg. He don’t know nothing.
③ Gender varieties
Woman: polite, exaggerated, Man : more certain , decisive ④Age varieties Language evolves with age. Grammar, vocabulary, younger adults : creative, fashioned, internet words older adults : traditional, rigid words eg. Icebox------fridge PK-----compete
features of speech or writing habit.

Construction：pitch, tempo, tone quality(音质)
3.2.4 Standard Dialect （标准语）

The variety of a languwenku.baidu.comge based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers which enable speakers of the language throughout the world to communicate intelligibly
non-native speaker.