紫禁城 (forbidden city)

Palace of Heavenly Purity.
• However, beginning from the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the Emperor lived instead at the smaller Hall of Mental Cultivation（养心殿） (N) to the west, out of respect to the memory of the Kangxi Emperor. • The Palace of Heavenly Purity then became the Emperor's audience hall.
Emperors in the Palace
• 24 emperors had been lived --14 Ming and 10 Qing • the fist one is Chu Ti • 崇祯皇帝--- the last one emperor of Ming dynasty • another one is Li Zi cheng --- for 42 days • the last one is Gioro Pu Yi 爱新觉罗•溥仪
The three halls
• The Emperor, representing Yang(阳) and the Heavens（天）, would occupy the Palace of Heavenly Purity.
• The Empress, representing Yin（阴） and the Earth（地）, would occupy the Palace of Earthly Tranquility. • In between them was the Hall of Union, where the Yin and Yang mixed to produce harmony.
The Hall of Central Harmony 中和殿
• located between the Hall of Supreme Harmony（太和殿） and the Hall of Preserving Harmony(保和殿). • first called Canopy House(华盖殿) in 1420. • destroyed in the period of 1522 to 1566. • in 1644 the royal household of Qing dynasty enter and host the Forbidden City. • the second year changed its name .
The Palace of Earthly Tranquility
• It was the residence of the Empress. (Ming Dynasty) • Converted for Shamanist worship by the new Manchu rulers. (Qing Dynasty) • From the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, the Empress moved out of the Palace. • Two rooms in the Palace of Earthly Harmony were retained for use on the Emperor's wedding night.
Some information about the Forbidden City
• first completed in 1420-- by Chu Ti朱棣 14 Years • biggest and most complete ancient building complex • the imperial palace of both the Ming and Qing dynasties • covering an area of 720,000 square meters • a symbol of Chinese sovereignty
1. The outer palace 外朝
The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿
• also called Throne Room • covered area 2377 square meters • ascend the throne • married • endorsement • go on an expidition • held grand ceremonies
The forbidden city is not only a great architectural complex of China, but also a complex with profound historic significance. It experienced the rise and fall of the two dynasties. It witnessed the overthrow of the federal autocratic monarchy（封建 帝制） which lasted for more than 2000 years. And also, it is the witness of the growth of the new China.
the Imperial Garden
Relatively small, and compact in design, the garden nevertheless contains several elaborate landscaping features.
பைடு நூலகம்
• Palace of Tranquil Longevity 宁寿宫 • Palace of Benevolent Peace 慈宁宫
• the Palace of Heavenly Purity (乾清宮), Hall of Union（交泰殿）, the Palace of Earthly Tranquility（坤宁宫）
• the Imperial Garden（御花园）. • a series of self-contained courtyards and minor palaces, where the Emperor‘s concubines（妃嫔） and children lived.
The Forbidden City
---Lying in the center of Beijing
The Origin of The Name
• “紫禁城”这个名字就和中国古代哲学和 天文学有关。中国人认为“天人感应”和 “天人合一”。因此故宫的结构是模 仿传 说中的“天宫”构造的。古代天文学把恒 星分为三垣，周围环绕着28宿，其中紫微 垣（北极星）正处中天，是所有星宿的中 心。紫禁城之紫，就是“紫微正中”之紫， 意为皇宫也是 人间的 “正中”。“禁”则 指皇室所居，尊严无比，严禁侵扰。
Great Ancient Capitals of China
• • • • • • • • 1st. Beijing 2nd. Luoyang 3rd. Nanjing 4th. Xi'an 5th. Kaifeng (1920s) 6th. Hangzhou (1930s) 7th. Anyang (1988) 8th. Zhengzhou (2004)
• Traditionally, the Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The Outer Palace (外朝) or Front Court (前朝) includes the southern sections, and was used for ceremonial purposes. The Inner Court (内廷) or Back Palace (后宫) includes the northern sections, and was the residence of the Emperor and his family, and was used for dayto-day affairs of state.
Construction of the Forbidden City
• Four Gates: • The Courageous door -n • The Miridian Gate -s • Donghua door e • Xihua door - w
The construction of the palaces
The Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿
1. behind the Hall of Central Harmony. 2. first name is Jinshen Palace（谨身殿） 3.the meaning of the name Hall of Preserving Harmony is "志不外驰,恬神守 志". 4.functions are different in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
2.The Inner Court(内廷)
• The Inner Court is separated from the Outer Court by an oblong courtyard lying orthogonal to the City‘s main axis. It was the home of the Emperor and his family. In the Qing Dynasty, the Emperor lived and worked almost exclusively in the Inner Court, with the Outer Court used only for ceremonial purposes.