英文翻译样本
口本英文翻译模板
ANNOUNCEMENTS1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorneyship of a citizen and the relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the familia and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register.2.The familia shall take the household register in safekeeping, the household register is prohibited to be alterred, transferred and leased. In case of that the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed.3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority, any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet.4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items.5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the Household register shall be turned in and cancelled.Alteration of Registration Items and Correction RecordRegistration Card of Permanent ResidentAlteration of Registration Items and Correction RecordRegistration Card of Permanent ResidentAlteration of Registration Items and Correction RecordRegistration Card of Permanent Resident。
英文翻译模板-(户口本全本)
Household RegisterUnder Supervision of the Ministry of Public Security of P. R. C.ANNOUNCEMENTS1. Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorney ship of a citizen and the relationship of family members, andit is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor andverify the household register, the householder and members of thisfamily shall take the initiative in presenting the household register.2. The householder shall take the household register in safekeeping; the household register is prohibited to be altered, transferred and leased. When the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed.3. The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority; any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet.4. The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items.5. In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the household register shall be turned in and cancelled.Type of Household: A gricultural family N ame of Householder: XXX Household Number: XXX Current residential address: X XXProvincialPublic Security Departmentspecially used for household registerprovincial public security organsspecial seal for Household registerCountyPublic Security Bureauspecially used for household registerXXXPolice Stationhousehold register registration organsspecial seal for household registerPerson in charge(sign and seal):XXX (policeman) Issued on June 24, 2016 Record of Dwelling Address AlterationAddress after alteration Date ofalterationSeal and sign of person inchargeRegistration Card of Permanent Resident NO. XXXAgricultural familyXXX Town, XXX Countycity (county)When and from where moved to this place January 31, 2005Person in charge (sign andseal):XXX(policeman) Issued on June 24, 2015CountyPublic Security Bureauspecially used for household registerXXXPolice StationAlteration of Registration Items and Correction RecordItemAfter alteration ·correction Date of alteration Seal and sign of person in chargeRegistration Card of Permanent Resident NO. XXXAgricultural familyXXX Town, XXX CountyplacePerson in charge (sign and seal):XXX (policeman) Issued on June 24, 2015CountyPublic Security Bureauspecially used for household registerXXXPolice Station。
中英文对照版合同翻译样本
1.Sales AgreementThe agreement，（is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co.，Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China(hereinafter called “Seller") and International Tradi ng Co。
，Ltd。
，a New York Corporationhaving its registered office at New York, N。
Y., U。
S.A. （hereinafter called “Buyer"）。
2.WITNESSETHWHEREAS，Seller is engaged in dealing of (product）and desires to sell (product)to Buyer,andWHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product）from Sellers，Now，THEREFORE，it is agreed as follows:3。
Export ContractThis Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and TradingCo。
, Ltd。
(hereinafter called “Seller”） who agrees to sell, and XYZ TradingCo。
， Ltd。
（hereinafter called “Buyer"） who agrees to buy the following goodson the following terms and condition.4。
英文翻译范例 2012
江苏大学继续教育学院英文翻译原文和译文学生姓名班级、学号工商管理09 指导教师2012年05 月10 日- 1 -Bank Size and Small- and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) Lending: Evidence from China1. IntroductionThe discrepancy between China’s economic structure and financial structure is best manifested by the mismatch between the contribution of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to economic growth and the amount of credit they have obtained from formal financial institutions. Since China launched its economic reform in 1978, its economy has switched into the fast lane of economic growth. China had achieved 9.75% annual GDP growth during 1979–2007, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world by any standard. SMEs have played an active role in economic growth. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, 99.6% of enterprises in China are SMEs at the end of 2005. These enterprises account for 59% of GDP, 60% of total sales, 48.2% of ta xes, and about 75% of employment in urban areas. SMEs’ participation in international trade and outward investment is also very significant, representing 68.85% of the total import and export values and about 80% of outward investment.…………2. Background, data, and methodology(a). Background information about the Chinese financial systemChina’s current financial system is mainly composed of four state-owned banks, 12 share-holding commercial banks, city commercial banks, and over 2,000 county-level rural credit cooperatives (RCCs).Even though the source of external financing of China’s non-financial firms had changed dramatically in the past 30 years, indirect financing through financial intermediaries dominates direct financing in China. In 2002, the relative shares of financing from bank loans, treasury bonds, corporation bonds, and equity were 80.2%, 14.4%, 1.4%, and 4%, respectively. In indirect financing, loans from state-owned banks are the main source of enterprise financing in China. Although the loans granted by state-owned banks had been continuously declining since 1978, they still accounted for 70% of the loan market in 2002.…………(b). The dataThe data were collected from the Financial Ecological Environment Survey conducted by the authors in 2005. It is a retrospective survey with most of the variables covering the period 2001–04 in which some of the variables can be dated back to 1996. The survey covers 12 provinces selected on the basis of economic development and geographical location: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, and Shandong were selected to represent provinces in the more developed eastern coastal regions; Hubei, Jilin, and Jiangxi provinces were selected to represent the central regions; and Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shanxi, and Ningxia were chosen for the western regions.Table 1 presents the sample distribution of the 363 financial institutions. Based on coverage, the ABC is represented in 77 of the 79 counties, followed by RCCs (73), and then the other three state-owned banks in the order of CCBs (69), ICBC (64), and BOC (57). Also sharing the markets are 19 other share-holding commercial banks such as Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and China Merchant Bank.Table 1. Distribution of financial institutions (county branches) in the sampleCounty ABC ICBC CCB BOC Share holdingbanksRCCZhejiang 9 8 8 8 8 5 8 Jiangsu 6 6 6 6 5 1 6 Fujian 7 7 6 7 6 2 5 Shandong 6 5 5 5 5 2 6 Hubei 10 10 6 10 8 0 10 Jilin 6……………………Table 2. Market structures at the provincial-level and the county-levelY ear ProvincialloanshareCounty-level loan market shareProvincialdepositshareCounty-level deposit marketshare1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)State-ownedcommercial65 57.7 56.7 54.9 52.6 62 60.1 59.9 58.4 56.6Y ear ProvincialloanshareCounty-level loan market shareProvincialdepositshareCounty-level deposit marketshare1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)banksABC 14 26.5 25.8 24.2 22.7 13 23.6 23.7 23.2 23.0ICBC 28 17.2 16.3 15.5 14.6 26 16.8 16.2 15.2 14.6 BOC 7 5.3 5.8 6.5 6.2 7 7.8 7.9 8.1 7.7 CCB 16 8.6 8.7 8.6 9.1 15 12.0 12.1 11.9 11.1Shareholdingbanks8 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.1 4 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 RCCs 13 24.4 26.0 27.7 31.8 10 24.2 23.6 24.2 24.7Otherfinancialinstitutions11 10.5 9.5 9.8 9.9 12 12.8 14.0 14.8 16.0(c). Variable definitions and summary statisticsWe focus on studying the factors determining banks’ loans to SMEs, which is measured by the percent of loans to SMEs over the total enterprise loanoutstanding. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, if an enterprise has less than 0.4 billion total assets and less than 0.3 billion sales, then it belongs to the category of SMEs. Figure 1 presents the average of the proportion of loans to SMEs for the six banks over 1996–2004. This figure shows that these banks have different time trends over SME lending. Compared with 1996, the proportions of loans to SMEs had increased in 2004 for ABC and RCCs, but they had decreased for ICBC, BOC, and share-holding Banks. CCB’s lending to SMEs stayed at approximately the same level. Share-holding banks also had the largest variance in lending to SMEs over the years.Full-size image (33K)Figure 1. Trend of loan to small- and medium-sized enterprises.Before considering other factors, we first check the correlation patterns between bank size and SME lending. From Table 3, we have not observed a clear connection between bank size and share of loans to small businesses. In Table 3, each kind of banks is classified as small, medium, or large based on its total assets. ABC and RCCs tend to lend more as bank size grows, while other banks, such as ICBC, BOC, and CCB decrease lending to small enterprises when the size changes from small to medium.Table 3. The average share of loan to small- and medium-sized enterprises, by branch sizeSmall branch Medium branch Large branchSmall branch Medium branch Large branch ABC 80.26 83.04 87.45(28.68) (29.00) (21.05) ICBC 86.95 76.19 60.20(24.64) (28.12) (32.56) CCB 79.85 73.81 70.19(31.73) (27.88) (31.39) BOC 78.45 71.14 66.52(31.77) (34.44) (34.17) Share holding banks 76.54 66.41 63.94(28.36) (33.45) (22.42) RCCs 67.86 70.37 82.26(39.79) (39.54) (27.19) …………银行规模和中小企业贷款：以中国为例1．介绍中小企业对中国经济增长所做的贡献和其从正式金融机构获得的贷款数量不匹配，足以说明中国经济结构和金融结构的差异。
证书英文翻译模板浙大
证书翻译件格式要求：中英文放在一张A4纸上，即：上半页为英文翻译，下半页为证书的复印件。
学位毕业证书原件扫描粘贴此处SICHUAN UNIVERSITYTHIS IS TO CERTIFY THATXiao HongFemale, born on May 23, 1987, majored in Industrial Design in this university, having completed the undergraduate program, she is hereby allowed to graduate.Having been checked in accordance with the Stipulations of the Academic Degree Regulations of the People's Republic of China, the student is duly granted the degree of Bachelor of Engineering.Chairman of Academic Degree Committee Xie HepingJune 29, 2009Certificate number xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx毕业证书原件扫描粘贴此处SICHUAN UNIVERSITYTHIS IS TO CERTIFY THATXiao HongFemale, born on May 23, 1987, majored in Industrial Design in this university from Sept. 2005 to June 2009. Having completed the four-year undergraduate program and passed the examinations, she is hereby allowed to graduate.President Xie HepingJune 29, 2009Diploma number xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx以下为各类证书的英文翻译模板，大家对应下载后可以修改各自证书中相关的个人信息及获奖情况，字的大小可以调整一下，落款日期一定要与证书上的颁发日期一致。
中英文对照版合同翻译样本
I.Sales Agreeme ntThe agreeme nt, (is) made in Beiji ng this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Tradi ng Co.,Repubic of Ltd., a Chin ese Corporati on havi ng its registered office at Beiji ng, the People (here in after called“ Seller ” ) and In ternaigpCri.Tta d j, a New York Corporati on hav ingits registered office at New York, N.Y ., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “ Buyer ” ).2. WITNESSETHWHEREAS, Seller is en gaged in deali ng of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, andWHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers,Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows:3. Export Con tract 卅This Con tract is en tered into this 5 th day of August 1993 betwee n ABCa nd Tradi ng Co., Ltd. (here in after called “ Seller ” ) who agrees to sell , and XYZ Trad ing Co.,Ltd. (here in after called “ Buyer ” ) who agrees to buy the followi ng goods on thefollow ing terms and con diti on.4. Non-Gover nmen tal Trad ing Agreeme ntNo. __This Agreeme nt was made on the _ day of _ 19_, BETWEEN_ (here in after referredto as the Seller) as the one Side and —(here in after referred to as the Buyer) asthe one other Side.WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy _(here in after referred to as the Goods ) the qua ntity, specificati on, and price of which are providedin Schedule A.IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS:5. C on tract For Joi nt-Operati on En terpriseCOMPANY LTD., a compa ny duly orga ni zed un der the Law of and hav ing its registered office at(here in after called “ Party A ”)ANDCOMPANY LTD., a compa ny duly orga ni zed un der the Law of and hav ing its registere d office at(here in after called “ Party B ”)Party A and Party B (here in after referred to as the “ Parties ” ) agree to join tly form a Co-operati on Ven ture Compa ny (here in after referred to as the “ CVC ) inaccordanee with “the Laws of the People' s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chineseand Foreign Investment ” and the “Regulations for the Implementation ofthe Laws of the People ' s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and ForeignInvestment ” and other applicable laws and regulations.6. MODEL CONTRACTCon tract No. ________________ Date: _______ ________________________________Seller: _________________ Signed at: _______ ____________________________________Address: _______________ Cable Address: _____________________Buyer: ____________________________________________________________________Address: _______________ Cable Address: _____________________The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions accordingto the terms and con diti ons stipulated below:1. Name of Commodity: _____________________________________________________2. Specificatio ns: _________________________________________________________3. Quan tity: ______________________________________________________________4. Un it Price: _______________________________________________________________5. Total Price: U.S.$: _______________________________________________________6. Packi ng: ______________________________________________________________7. Time of Shipment: ___________________ d ays _______________ after receipt ofL/C.8. Loadi ng Port & Desti nati on Port: From via t ____ . ___ ______9. In sura nee: ______________________________________________________________10. Terms of Payment:(1) The Buyer shall send a con firmed, irrevocable, tran sferable, and divisible Letter of Credit to be draw n by sight draft to the Seller before , 19 .The L/C remains valid until days after the above-mentioned delivery and will expire on(2) A deposit of % should be paid by the Buyer immediately after signing the con tract.11. Shipping Mark & Clearanee: Shipping mark to be at Seller ' s option.12. N.B. Please men ti on con tract nu mber whe n ope ning L/C.13. Remarks:The Seller: The Buyer: 7. Purchase Confirmation— 确认书号码日期 Con firmation No. PT152Date: March 1,20_ 买方 中国土产畜产进出口总公司广东土产分公司 Buyers: China National Native Produce & Animal Corporati on, Guan gdo ng Native Produce Branch地址中国广州市六二三路 486号 Address: No. 486, 623” Road, Guangzhou, China 电话传真 Tel:买方Sellers: Dat ung Tradi ng Co., Ltd 地址Address: No. 165, Ce nsa Road, Ran goon兹经买卖双方同意按下列条款达成如下交易: The undersigned Buyers and Sellers have agreed to close the following transaction accord ing to the terms and con diti ons stipulated here un der:1. 商品：缅甸烟叶Commodity : Burmese Tobacco Leaves2. 规格： 一级，水分最低11%，最高12%Specifications: First grade, moisture 11% minimum and 12% maximum3. 数量：100吨Quantity: 100 metric tons4. 单价：每吨成本加运费到黄埔价格1890美元 Unit Price: US$1890.00 per metric ton C & F Huangpu 5. 总值：18.9万美元Total Value: US$189000.006. 包装：袋装，每袋净重 100千克Packing: In bales of 100 kgs net each7. 装船麦头：----------- Shipping Mark:KCT120 HUANGPU8. 交货期：20 年5月份Time of Shipment: Duri ng May, 20 __9. 装卸港：由仰光到黄浦 Fax: 签约地点 Signed at: GuangzhouBy-Products Import & Export 电子邮件 E-mail:电话 传真 Tel:Fax: 电子邮件E-mail:Loading Port & Destination: From Rangoon to Huangpu10. 保险：由买方投保Insurance: To be covered by the Buyers.11. 付款条件：按货物金额90%开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证，凭卖方汇票跟单向开证行议付，其余10%货款在货到目的地检验合格后付清。
英文证明信翻译样本(例如户口、婚姻证等)(五篇范文)[修改版]
![英文证明信翻译样本(例如户口、婚姻证等)(五篇范文)[修改版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/cc3e4c85168884868662d621.png)
第一篇：英文证明信翻译样本(例如户口、婚姻证等)结婚证英文翻译样本THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINAMARRIAGE CERTIFICATE(English Translation)XXX and XXX applied for marriage registration. After being examined, their application conforms to the Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China. We give them the permission to register and hereby issue this marriage certificate. Ministry of Civil Affair of the People’s Republic of China (seal)Special Seal for Marriage Register of Haidian District, Beijing Civil Affairs BureauMarriage Register: (signature) XXXCertificate Holder: XXXRegistration Date: x/x/xxxMarriage Certificate No. xxxxxxxxName:Sex:Nationality: ChineseDate of Birth:ID Card:Name:Sex:Nationality: ChineseDate of Birth:ID Card:户口簿英文翻译样本I. Residence Booklet has legal effect to prove a citizen’s identity status and mutual relations among family members, and is the main basis for residence registration authority to investigate and confirm his/her registered permanent residence. In so doing, the household owner or members of this household shall, of his/her own free will, show the booklet.II. The household owner shall well keep the booklet, and is prohibited to modify, transfer or lend it. If loss arises, such shall be immediately reported to the residence registration authority.III. The registration right of the booklet belongs to residence registration authority, and any other organization or individual shall not make any record on it.IV. If the members are increased or decreased, or registration items change in this household, registration shall be declared to residence registration authority by holding the booklet.V. When the whole household moves out of residence jurisdictional area, the residence booklet shall be returned to residence registration authority for cancellation.NO.Type of household Non-agricultural householdName of household ownerHousehold No.AddressProvincial-level public security authority’s seal special for residence:Public Security Bureau of Beijing (seal)Household registration body’s seal special for residence:Stamp of handling person: xxxxxxx Police SubstationIssued on xxxxxxx房产证Certificate of Title to House PropertyPossessor : XXXXXXXLocation of the house : XXXXXXXXXXXXCharacter of the ownership : PrivateNO. of the place :No.1 District , No.1 Section 1772-19The structure of the building : MixNo. of the building : 19No. of the house : 602The amount of the floors of the house : 6The room is at the 6th floorThe acreage of the house: 122m2The house is used for : ResidenceAuthority :Nanjing Municipal Real Estate Administration (seal)The date of issue: Apr.15th , 2001收入证明Certificate of IncomeThis is to certify that Mr.XX,male, aged XX, born in XX City ,China ,the sum of his income is about XXX RMB annually, including the salary and the subsidies. The personal income tax is deducted by this unit on his behalf.......Tel: .......工作证明信xxx xxx Co. Ltd126 Nanjing Road, Shanghai, PR ChinaJuly 11, 2000To Whom It May Concern:This is to certify that Mr. Wang has been working in our COMPANY as the Project Manager from June 1995 to July 2000,Mr Wang is a diligent and creative engineer, under his leadership, he successfully design a new product for our company, and the product also gained international patent. Mr. Wang also has a good sense of teamwork, he knows how to delegate and how to coordinate.Mr Wang has been entitled to a monthly salary RMB 6000, with house allowance for 1500 a month and he also was awarded a bonus for 25,000 last year for his outstanding performance.For further enquires, please feel free to contact me at +21 +2323244 or 1380 332 333Sincerely yours,xxxxx(Company Seal)Chief Executive Officer出生证明信Notarial Certificate(2003)H.X.Z.W.Z.NO.44556(English Translation)This is to certify that WANG Yun, female, was born on July 12,1977 in ShangHai. Her father is WANG Guorong and her mother is YANG Lihong.Shanghai Xuhui District Notary Public OfficeThe People’s Republic of China(Sealed)Notary Public:(Sealed)Dated: April 1,2003签证材料：工作和收入证明模板CERTIFICATE OF EMPLOY AND INCOMEThis is to certify that ****(male, born on Oct. 29,1975) was employed by ******from July 1998 to present. During this period Mr. ****worked very hard and have done a good job.According to records of personal income kept by the financial department of ****the details of ****'s annual income during this period are listed as follows (unit: MB/Yuan).Annual salary11,820Allowance for post11,000Bonus10,000Total32,820This is to certify the authenticity of all listed above.Certifier (signature):Tel:The Personal Section Of *****Dec. 31,2002工作证明模板INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BUREAU MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS July 11, 1986To Whom It May Concern,This is to certify that Mr. Shu duly passed the qualification examination as a Mechanical Engineer and has been granted a certificate, Taikong No. 6314 dated February 3, 1982 to this effect by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.Particulars of the certificate follow:Name: ShuNative Place: Sichuan ProvinceDate of Birth: November, 1955Classification : Mechanical EngineeringSincerely yours,K. A. WangDirector General经济担保书和工作证明的样式下面将经济担保书和工作证明的样式列出来，他们是没有固定样式的，请大家根据自己的实际情况改动，不要照搬，说明了下面里面的内容即可。
英文证明信翻译样本(例如户口、婚姻证等)
结婚证英文翻译样本THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINAMARRIAGE CERTIFICATE(English Translation)XXX and XXX applied for marriage registration. After being examined, their application conforms to the Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China. We give them the permission to register and hereby issue this marriage certificate. Ministry of Civil Affair of the People’s Republic of China (seal)Special Seal for Marriage Register of Haidian District, Beijing Civil Affairs BureauMarriage Register: (signature) XXXCertificate Holder: XXXRegistration Date: x/x/xxxMarriage Certificate No. xxxxxxxxName:Sex:Nationality: ChineseDate of Birth:ID Card:Name:Sex:Nationality: ChineseDate of Birth:ID Card:户口簿英文翻译样本I. Residence Booklet has legal effect to prove a citizen’s identity status and mutual relations among family members, and is the main basis for residence registration authority to investigate and confirm his/her registered permanent residence. In so doing, the household owner or members of this household shall, of his/her own free will, show the booklet.II. The household owner shall well keep the booklet, and is prohibited to modify, transfer or lend it. If loss arises, such shall be immediately reported to the residence registration authority.III. The registration right of the booklet belongs to residence registration authority, and any other organization or individual shall not make any record on it.IV. If the members are increased or decreased, or registration items change in this household, registration shall be declared to residence registration authority by holding the booklet.V. When the whole household moves out of residence jurisdictional area, the residence booklet shall be returned to residence registration authority for cancellation.NO.Type of household Non-agricultural household Name of household ownerHousehold No. AddressProvincial-level public security authority’s seal special for residence:Public Security Bureau of Beijing (seal)Household registration body’s seal special for residence:Stamp of handling person: xxxxxxx Police SubstationIssued on xxxxxxx房产证Certificate of Title to House PropertyPossessor : XXXXXXXLocation of the house : XXXXXXXXXXXXCharacter of the ownership : PrivateNO. of the place :No.1 District , No.1 Section 1772-19The structure of the building : MixNo. of the building : 19No. of the house : 602The amount of the floors of the house : 6The room is at the 6th floorThe acreage of the house: 122m2The house is used for : ResidenceAuthority :Nanjing Municipal Real Estate Administration (seal)The date of issue: Apr.15th , 2001收入证明Certificate of IncomeThis is to certify that Mr.XX,male, aged XX, born in XX City ,China ,the sum of his income is about XXX RMB annually, including the salary and the subsidies. The personal income tax is deducted by this unit on his behalf..............Tel: ..............工作证明信xxx xxx Co. Ltd126 Nanjing Road, Shanghai, PR ChinaJuly 11, 2000To Whom It May Concern:This is to certify that Mr. Wang has been working in our COMPANY as the Project Manager from June 1995 to July 2000,Mr Wang is a diligent and creative engineer, under his leadership, he successfully design a new product for our company, and the product also gained international patent. Mr. Wang also has a good sense of teamwork, he knows how to delegate and how to coordinate.Mr Wang has been entitled to a monthly salary RMB 6000, with house allowance for 1500 a month and he also was awarded a bonus for 25,000 last year for his outstanding performance.For further enquires, please feel free to contact me at +21 +2323244 or 1380 332 333Sincerely yours,xxxxx(Company Seal)Chief Executive Officer出生证明信Notarial Certificate(2003)H.X.Z.W.Z.NO.44556(English Translation)This is to certify that WANG Yun, female, was born on July 12,1977 in ShangHai. Her father is WANG Guorong and her mother is YANG Lihong.Shanghai Xuhui District Notary Public OfficeThe People’s Republic of China(Sealed)Notary Public:(Sealed)Dated: April 1,2003签证材料：工作和收入证明模板CERTIFICATE OF EMPLOY AND INCOMEThis is to certify that ****(male, born on Oct. 29,1975) was employed by ******from July 1998 to present. During this period Mr. ****worked very hard and have done a good job.According to records of personal income kept by the financial department of ****the details of ****'s annual income during this period are listed as follows (unit: MB/Yuan).Annual salary 11,820Allowance for post 11,000Bonus 10,000Total 32,820This is to certify the authenticity of all listed above.Certifier (signature):Tel:The Personal Section Of *****Dec. 31,2002工作证明模板INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BUREAU MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS July 11, 1986To Whom It May Concern,This is to certify that Mr. Shu duly passed the qualification examination as a Mechanical Engineer and has been granted a certificate, Taikong No. 6314 dated February 3, 1982 to this effect by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.Particulars of the certificate follow:Name: ShuNative Place: Sichuan ProvinceDate of Birth: November, 1955Classification : Mechanical EngineeringSincerely yours,K. A. WangDirector General经济担保书和工作证明的样式下面将经济担保书和工作证明的样式列出来，他们是没有固定样式的，请大家根据自己的实际情况改动，不要照搬，说明了下面里面的内容即可。
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西安建筑科技大学华清学院毕业设计 (论文) 英文翻译院（系）：机械电子工程系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名：白晓光学号：200906040304指导教师：王发展日期：2013.03.15分析有限元法预测钻孔时的推力和转矩机械和航空航天工程学院，北卡罗莱纳州立大学，罗利，NC27695-7910，USA机械工程学院，密歇根大学，安阿伯，MI48109，USA摘要开发分析有限元技术是用于预测麻花钻钻孔时的推力和扭矩。
该方法是基于代表作为一系列的倾斜部分沿切削刃的切削力。
同样，切割在凿区域被视为正交切削，这种切削是利用在径向位置的不同切削速度。
对于每个区段，欧拉有限元模型被用来模拟切削力,分力合并，以确定整体的推力和钻削扭矩。
实验发现,在垂直、倾斜切割和钻探测试中，力与力矩的实测与预测之间有很好的一致性。
进行钻探的测试是基于AISI 1020多个直径的钻头、主轴转速和进给率。
钻头温度预测技术的延伸，也已经被描述。
2004年由Elsevier公司出版关键词：有限元建模，钻孔，钻孔推力和力矩1、介绍金属的切削加工，如车削，铣削和钻孔被广泛应用于制造业生产各种机械部件。
钻孔在孔的生产过程中，是特别重要的，因为它占了很大一部分的整体加工操作。
此外，钻井问题可能会导致昂贵的生产浪费，因为许多钻井作业通常是制造的最后一道工序的一部分。
许多研究人员在过去的50年开发了许多用于[1-28]预测钻孔时的扭矩和推力的分析和数字模型。
早期钻孔模型已经由逸夫[1]，牛津[2]，逸夫和牛津[3]，帕[4]，威廉姆斯[5,6]，奥马瑞和程[7,8]、吴瑞、奥马瑞[9]等人开发。
奥马瑞和程[7,8]提出了一种方法，这种方法就是利用一系列斜切割片来模拟钻孔过程。
这种方法由沃顿[10-13]进一步深化，他建立了更详细的模型，这样能够去除两个切削唇和凿子边缘区域的切削材料。
阿格皮鸥和德维尔[14,15]利用奥马瑞的方法来预测钻头的温度，并通过Stephenson和德维尔[16]的方法来模拟任意钻点的几何形状。
此外，鲁宾斯坦等人[17,18]使用铲形钻模型。
钻井模型的最新发展是利用一种机械的或有限元的方法。
柯恩和 [19〜21]龚和•埃曼[22]开发了机械钻孔模型。
有限元法可以提供一个统一的钻探和其他金属切削过程的方法。
付艾[23]研究了使用有限元方法进行钻孔。
郭和多斐德[24] 和米恩[25]采用有限元建模钻井技术以退出毛刺的形成。
特拉和奥谭采用有限元方法以确定钻井扭矩和推力，而波诺和尼二[27,28]用此法预测钻热通量，温度和热失真的钻孔。
在本文中，欧拉热粘塑性有限元模型，已经制定了斜角切削[29]，适用于钻井过程。
有限元素切割模型是基于一系列的由卡罗尔和斯坦科维奇[30]，阿特瓦和斯坦科维奇[32]的研究文章，它已经被验证适用于众多工件材料和切削条件。
欧拉有限元方法是特别有利的，因为它可以用于形成具有大的负前角，如在横刃的麻花钻发现的模型芯片。
另一个独特的功能是，无论是用力和加热的钻头，由于塑性功和摩擦可以被集成在一个单一的模型中，以此来预测力和钻的温度的函数和工件的进给和速度。
本文对有限元钻井模型的发展进行了说明。
该模型建立在作为一个系列斜钻尖几何形状部分的基础上。
斜角切削的一个分析模型是描述用于分析钻的切削刃区域的一个单节。
然后将这些部分组合起来以确定结果的推力和扭矩。
同时对用于预测钻头温度的扩展模型进行了讨论。
2、单刃斜角切削模型沿着钻头切削刃的切削作用可以认为是发生在一系列的倾斜部分，在这一部分端面和倾斜角沿着唇沿径向变化[7,8]。
本文中，分析有限元法应用于预测芯片气流角和每个三维部分的切削力。
这一技术基于最小能量法，它是由于斯等人.[33]和哈瑞他[34]为了确定芯片流角度而开发的。
等人开发的欧拉模型和这个最小能量法都能应用于正交切削力数据。
首先考虑有一切削刃工具这一最简单情况，如图1所示。
主切削刃的倾斜t，切削宽度为b。
潜在的假设是，一个芯片是由剪切平面角为i，切削深度为1CJFD的主切削刃的CD作用力作用的。
立体的裁剪，可以理解为平面应变正交切削的集合。
IHERQGC就是一个典型的平面，如图1的交叉阴影线部分。
此平面由V确定。
此平面上切屑的形成，可视为与一个相切割速度V和芯片的流速向量c应正交切削的剪切角的平面应变变形，平均摩擦角，和加工材料的剪切强度有关。
任何平行于平面IHERQGC的其他平面将具有相同的有效剪切面角度/ e和有效倾角，但具有不同的切割深度。
因此，三维切削解释为一系列正交切片，每一个具有相同的有效剪切平面的角度和沿主切削刃的有效倾角。
因此，三维切削可以解释为切削一系列具有相同的有效剪切平面角度和沿主切削刃有效倾角正交切片。
我们要测图1 斜角切削模型量的形成于平面上的有效倾角e α是由芯片的流速c V 和切割速度V 形成的平面中，它被定义为芯片的流动方向和法线切割速度之间的角度，如图1所示。
该角度由芯片流角(cg )，倾斜角度（ⅰ），和分离多径角(an)确定，计算公式如下：1sin -=αe(αsin nηcos cos i c+sin )sin ci η (1)该芯片流角度cg 可以使用最小能量方法[29,33]确定。
总切削能源率由剪切面的剪切能率(Us)和工具面的摩擦能率(f U )组成。
剪切能率可以下面这个公式表示：SssU V Aτ= (2)Sτ是剪切面的剪切应力，Vs 是剪切平面的剪切速度。
剪切面CJFD 的面积为A ，等于向量（CE ）和(CD)的交叉乘积，如图1所示。
原点为c 点的正交坐标系如图所示，定义线CI 为x-轴，其平行于切割速度向量V 。
y 轴在由速度V 和刀具刃CD 确定的平面中，y 轴和线CD 之间的角度是i ，z 轴在图1中未标出。
它垂直于x-轴和y 轴，以形成一个右手坐标系统。
线CG 和HI 的长度如下公式给出：1cos cos ncCG tηα=和1cos cos cos encHI t αηα=向量CE 和CD 可由如下公式表示：22111,1cos cos cos cos tan cos cos en e c e CE n c t t t t ααηαηα⎡⎢⎢=-⎢⎢⎣⎛⎫⎪Φ⎝⎭和[]tan ,,0CD b i b =-A 的面积由向量CE 和CD 表示，也可以由以下公式算出:2221(1)tan A b i t z =++其中()221tan epz i p t φ=+- (4)1cos cos cos encp t αηα= (5)基于正交切削理论，平面速度由以下公式给出：()coscos es eeV V αφα=- (6)eφ是剪切面和剪切速度之间的夹角，e α 是有效倾角。
因此在公式2中的剪切能量率也可以由以下公式给出:cos()Sese eACOS tUαφα=- (7)前刀面的摩擦能率 s U 能由一个类似理论得出：()sin cosetfeeV UF φφα=- (8)其中Ft 是前倾面的摩擦力。
为了从式（7）和（8）中计算出总能量率，有效的剪切面角(e φ)和剪切平面应力(S U )必须是已知的。
据推测，e φ、S U 和有效倾角之间的关系和在正交切削同等条件关系的相同的。
此外，通过假设作用在一个单元宽度的未变形切屑厚度T 的工具刀面的摩擦力和一个单元宽度切削的未变形切屑厚度T 的正交切削下的摩擦力是相同的，摩擦力t F 可以由以下公式表示：()sin cos cossin Set e eeQ tF ββαφφα=+- (9)其中b 是工具面上的摩擦力，Q 为一个鼻子尖工具可以表示为：1cos cos nb Q i t α=(10)一般公式（9）和（10）用来计算摩擦能率f U .总切削能率可以通过剪切和摩擦能率来计算。
需要注意的是，摩擦能率依赖于未知的切屑流角C η，然而，这个角度可以在一个条件下决定，这个条件是该芯片将U 基于切削能量最小化的方向流动。
基于最小切削能量，该工具的分力可以来自几何考虑[33]：cos sin Ht t n e COS i N FF αα=+ (11)sin cos cos Vt t n ncN F F ηαα=-+ (12)cos sin sin cos cos sin sin Tt t t n n cci i i N FF F ηηαα=-+- (13)其中，H F ，V F 和V F 是主要的（切割），垂直（推力），和横向元件的工具力，N 和t F 是正常的，一旦最小能量已知那么摩擦力就可以确定。
这个力是由i ，b ，1t 和cg 共同决定的，这些是已知的常数，除了切屑流角cg 可以通过最小能量法计算出。
因此，三维的工具力可以很容易地确定。
值得注意的是，在Us 的分析中，正交切削测试对于提供剪切力e α，剪切角e φ，和在以上方程中未知的摩擦角是必须的。
作为一种替代方法，欧拉有限元的切削模型用于确定正交切削数据[29]。
3、钻井模型在上一节描述的分析有限元倾斜切削技术，应用于选择沿着切削刃以决定钻孔力的部分，在每个斜角切削部分三维切削力计算出来，然后合成以决定钻孔力和扭矩。
一个典型几何形状的的麻花钻定义的三个关键参数，螺旋角度，角度，钻刃厚度。
包括螺旋角和点角都会影响沿每个切削刃的倾斜前角。
一个大的螺旋角会导致一个更大的倾斜阳角，这个角会提高切削效率但是对钻头有害。
3.1、切削刃受力模型对于钻孔模型，每个切割刃分为对应三维力可以确定斜切部分。
对于直切刃，倾斜角I 和正常前角可以通过以下通式[1]确定sin sin w pi r=（14） ()tan cos tan cos tan sin n s s b s i C C ααα=+ (15)其中tan tan tan ,tan sin s SS iC C δα=- (16)cos cos ,cos S pi C =（17） tan 2,b rLπα= (18)12,tan r L πδ-⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭(19)在这些方程中，w 是半腹板厚度，r 是从钻孔轴线，l 是钻头螺旋的径向距离。
举个例子，一个沿着切削刃径向变化的倾斜角和正常前角的典型麻花钻头，它的直径是25.4 mm ，螺旋角3V 点角为118v ，如图2所示。
使用单刃的斜切削模型，在水平，垂直，和横向方向的力是可以确定的。
请注意，力是基于一个局部坐标系上系统的沿每个切割唇每个部分。
钻头的这些局部力必须转化为坐标系对应的径向，轴向，方向和横向方向的。
在轴向方向上的力量有助于向推力。
由横向力组成的转矩几倍于钻轴的径向距离。
在径向方向上的力由于切削刃的对称性相互抵消。
图2沿着切削刃径向变化的倾斜角和正常前角的典型麻花钻头,它的直径是25.4 mm ，螺旋角3V,点角为118v.图2. 一个典型的沿切削刃的径向位置钻头的局部力（h F , V F ,t F ）和整体力（tan g F ，thust F ，rad F ）下面是将局部斜角切削力转化为整体钻头坐标的方程式：tan g HF F = (20)()22cos thust T VF F p F pw r-=+ （21）()22cos rad TVF F p F prw r-=- （22）请注意，在一般情况下，钻头的切削刃中是弯曲的不必一定是直的，如图3所示。