局解总结

脊柱区

Muscles of Back

Superficial group

–Trapezius 斜方肌

–Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌

–Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌

–Rhomboideus 菱形肌

Deep group

–Splenius 夹肌

–Erector spinae 竖脊肌

Triangle of auscultation 听诊三角(肩胛旁三角)Boundaries

•Latissimus dorsi

•Trapezius

•The medial border of the

scapula

Inferior lumbar triangle 腰下三角

–Boundaries

•Lower part of the lateral

margin of latissimus

dorsi

•Posterior free border of

the obliquus externus

abdominis

•Iliac crest

Superior lumbar triangle腰上三角

–Boundaries

•Serratus posterior

inferior

•Erector spinae

•Obliquus internus

abdomins

上肢

Cephalic vein 头静脉

•Arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous rete on the back of hand •Winds around the lateral border of the forearm; it then ascends into the

cubital fossa and up the front of the arm

on the lateral side of the biceps.

•It continues up in the deltopectoral

groove and then to the infraclavicular

fossa, where it pierces clavipectoral

fascia to drain into axillary vein. Basilic vein 贵要静脉

•Arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous rete of hand

•Winds around the medial border of the forearm

•Then ascends into the cubital fossa and up the front of the arm on the medial

side of the biceps to middle of the arm

where it pierces the deep fascia and

joins the brachial vein or axillary vein Median cubital vein 肘正中静脉

•Links cephalic vein and basilic vein in the cubital fossa

•It is a frequent site for venipuncture to remove a sample of blood or add fluid

to the blood

Axillary fossa 腋窝

Boundaries

•Apex

–Middle 1/3 of clavicle

–Lateral border of first rib

–Upper border of the scapula •Base

–Skin

–Superficial fascia

–Axillary fascia 腋筋膜

(cribriform fascia 筛状筋膜)•The medial wall

–Serratus anterior

–Upper four ribs and intercostal

spaces

•The lateral wall

–Intertubercular groove

–Long head and short head of

biceps brachii

–Coracobrachialis

•The anterior wall

–Pectoralis major

–Pectoralis minor

–Subclavius

–Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜•The posterior wall

–Subscapularis

–Teres major

–Latissimus dorsi

–Scapula

Contents

•Axillary a. and principal branches

•Axillary v. and tributaries

•Brachial plexus and branches

•Axillary lymph nodes

•Loose connective tissue Trilateral foramen 三边孔

(trilateral space 三边隙)

•Boundaries

–Superior: teres minor

subscapularis

lateral border of scapula,

articular capsule of shoulder joint

–Inferior: teres major

–Lateral: long head of triceps

brachii

•Structures pass through the trilateral foramen

–Circumflex scapular a. and v. Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔(quadrilateral space 四边隙)

•Boundaries

–Superior: teres minor

subscapularis

articular capsule of shoulder joint

–Inferior: teres major

–Medial: long head of triceps

brachii

–Lateral: surgical neck of

humerus

•Structures pass through the quadrilateral foramen

–Axillary n.

–Posterior humeral circumflex a.

and v.

Axillary artery

•Begins at the at lateral border of first rib as a continuation of subclavian

artery

•At the lower border of teres major it becomes the brachial artery.

•Divided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minor

Branches

•First part

–superior thoracic a.

–thoracoacromial a.

•Second part

–lateral thoracic a.

•Third part

– subscapular a.

•throcodorsal a.

•circumflex scapular a.

–anterior humeral circumflex a.

–posterior humeral circumflex a. Brachial artery 肱动脉

–Begins at the lower border of the

teres major as a continuation of

axillary artery

–Terminates opposite the neck of

radius by dividing into radial

and ulnar arteries

Branches

•Deep brachial a. 肱深动

脉

–Follows the

radial nerve into

the spinal groove

of the humerus

•Superior ulnar collaeral

a. 尺侧上副动脉

–follows the ulnar

nerve