2019中考完形填空高分解题策略讲座语文

初中完形填空解题策略讲座

1．词汇1500-1600个单词和200-300个固定搭配

2. 语法13类

3. 语篇

要善于利用能体现它们之间关系的连接词语，根据上下文的意思及结构进行简单的逻辑推理来确定所填入的恰当词语。

4. 题型

（1）句子层次（2）句组层次（3）语篇层次

5. 常识

解题步骤

1．通读全文，把握大意。

2．细读全文，确定选项。

3．重视复核，消除疏漏。

一．充分利用首句信息答题

“完形填空”的首句均不设空，而是尽可能多地给考生提供一些必要的信息，因而，读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向，避免走弯路而误入歧途。首句是了解全文的窗口，通过首句往往能确定文章的体裁、背景、写作意图甚至中心思想。

【例1】English names and Chinese names are quite different in some ways. But it’s not difficult for us to know.

Unlike Chinese, most English people have 1 names. One is their family name, both of the other names are given names. Their family name is 2 the given name. They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the 3 name, but they never use 4 with the first name.

1. A. one B. two C. three D. four

2. A. before B. in front of C. at D. behind

3. A. last B. given C. middle D. full

4. A. it B. them C. him D. her

【例2】Oscar is a black bear and he likes going shopping. One day, Oscar 1 the shopping with his mother. When they got to the 2 , Oscar was very 3 .

1. A. did B. stopped C. needed D. had

2. A. school B. hospital C. factory D. supermarket

3. A. sorry B. happy C. sad D. busy

二．巧用上下文信息答题

完形填空必须通篇理解，从整体角度考虑，结合上下文信息才能判断出最佳答案。利用上下文语境确定答案的题目所占比例呈越来越多的趋势。而上下文信息可以出现在同一句、前后句、前后段中，或者出现在文章的开头或

结尾部分，因而答题时要瞻前顾后，结合首尾。

【例1】Mary lived on the side of a hill. One winter there was a big flood (水灾) and a lot of houses down below Mary’s were washed away, but his 1 was still all right.

Mary took in one of her families that had 2 everything in the flood and asked them to live in her house. …

1. A. field B. school C. house D. garden

2. A. paid B. got C. lost D. taken

【典例2】It’s usually sunny, but it often 1 suddenly. So people often carry with them a pair of sunglasses and a raincoat at the same time.

1. A. blows B. shines C. rains D. snows

【典例3】Today is Sunday. We needn’t go to school.

Now I feel very happy. Tomorrow is 10 . I can go back to school and see my lovely friends.

10. A. Monday B. Tuesday C. Wednesday D. Saturday

三．利用语法知识、词语搭配、固定句型答题

完形填空以语境考查为主，但不可避免的是，也有部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，同学们一定要利用平时所学的知识，考虑单词（词组）的固定搭配，动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项，排除干扰确定最佳答案。

【典例1】Mr Shute came back to his hometown. 1 (Few) people knew him. And when he stopped near a short, broken house, he saw an old woman 2 in the sun. She closed her eyes and didn’t find there was a man looking at her carefully.

2. A. sat B. to sit C. sit D. sitting

【典例2】What do you think 9 the sitcom? Maybe (或许) you like it, maybe you don’t mind it, …

9. A. of B. for C. out D. in

【典例3】…but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. What a busy weekend I had!

10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took

四．根据文化背景常识答题

完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识。因而答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。另外，中外文化之间有一些差异，解题时不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情，只有这样，才能正确理解其中的文化差异，作出正确的判断和选择。

【典例1】There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 .

1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger

2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest

【典例2】“You are so 2 , dear,” she says, “Let’s go to China for a nice holiday. It can be 3 for your health.”

2. A. happy B. busy C. free D. excited

3. A. good B. bad C. ill D. interesting

【典例3】

“Who would you like to change your life with if possible?” Last week, we asked many middle school students this question. The following are some of their 1 .

Zhang Yike, 12

I want to change my life with my friend, Wang Xiaohui. She is studying in England now. She has 2 to many countries, such as the US and France. They are the places I wish to visit. What’s more, she 3 much better English than me. If I change my life with her, I can visit many beautiful countries, eat delicious 4 and meet different kinds of people there.

1. A. answers B. problems C. questions D. changes

2. A. gone B. come C. been D. moved

3. A. says B. speaks C. talks D. tells

4. A. drink B. air C. food D. water

五．把握文章脉络综合推理判断

完形填空侧重考查根据上下文语境理解文意的能力，有些题目应从语篇层次去考虑，只有把握了文章的脉络，才能进行综合推理判断，最终得出最佳答案。

文章的逻辑关系包括并列、原因、结果、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等，依靠不同的连词来表达，如and，but，so，however，first of all，then，finally，for example，or等，它们在文章中起着“篇章纽带”的作用，可以作为做完型填空题的路标。

【典例1】My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 .