抑郁症英文_ppt课件

How is Autism Diagnosed?
• There are no medical tests for diagnosing autism. An accurate diagnosis must be based on observation of the individual's communication, behavior, and developmental levels. However, because many of the behaviors associated with autism are shared by other disorders, various medical tests may be ordered to rule out or identify other possible causes of the symptoms being exhibited.
抑郁症英文
What is Autism?
Autism is the most severe of the developmental disabilities with an incidence of approximately 1 per 1000 live births.
Originally thought of as an emotional disorder caused by inadequate mothering, it is now recongnised as having an organic basis.
Since the characteristics of the disorder vary so much, ideally a child should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team which may include a neurologist, psychologist, developmental pediatrician, speech/language therapist, learning consultant, or another professional knowledgeable about autism. Diagnosis is difficult for a practitioner with limited training or exposure to autism.
The primary problem in autism is the way the brain processes and integrates information, resulting in problems of social interaction, communication and behavior.
Spins objects or self May not want cuddling No real fear of dangers Difficulty in expressing needs, may use gestures
•Inappropriate response or no ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้esponse to sound •Inappropriate attachments to objects •Inappropriate laughing or giggling •Apparent insensitivity to pain •Sustained unusual or repetitive play •Uneven physical or verbal skills
Signs Of Autism
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May avoid eye contact May prefer to be alone Insistence on sameness Echos words or phrases
• Difficulty interacting with others
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Autism Characteristics
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The symptoms of autism are hard to understand. These children seem to have less control over their emotions. They perceive in odd ways and their understanding seems severely impaired compared to their concrete skills. They seem to have special problems in learning language and social skills. You will find a child having difficulties in most or all of these areas: Language Social Recreation Perceptions Emotion
Several causes have been identified and a variety of neurological mechanisms are involved. Although autism is a severely handicapping condition, outcomes for autistic people are improving as more effective interventions.
• Sometimes professionals who are not knowledgeable about the needs and opportunities for early intervention in autism do not offer an autism diagnosis even if it is appropriate. This hesitation may be due to a misguided wish to spare the family. Unfortunately, this too can lead to failure to obtain appropriate services for the child.