组织学与胚胎学_组培_英语词汇表_双语
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Glossary
Epithelial Tissue [,epi'θi:liəl] ['tiʃju]上皮组织covering epithelium被覆上皮
simple squamous epithelium ['skweiməs]单层扁平上皮endothelium [,endəu'θi:liəm]内皮mesothelium [,mesəu'θi:liəm]间皮
simple cuboidal epithelium [kju:'bɔidl]单层立方上皮simple columnar epithelium [kə'lʌmnə]单层柱状上皮pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮stratified squamous epithelium['strætifaid]复层扁平上皮transitional epithelium变移上皮
cell coat细胞衣microvillus(microvilli) [,maikrəu'viləs]微绒毛
cilium(cilia) ['siliəm]纤毛
tight junction紧密连接intermediate junction中间连接desmosome ['dezməsəum]桥粒
gap junction缝隙连接basement membrane基膜
plasma membrane infolding['plæzmə]质膜内褶hemidesmosome半桥粒
Connective Tissue结缔组织
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connective tissue proper固有结缔组织loose connective tissue疏松结缔组织dense connective tissue致密结缔组织reticular tissue [ri'tikjulə]网状组织
adipose tissue['ædipəus]脂肪组织
fibroblast ['faibrəublɑ:st]成纤维细胞macrophage['mækrəufeidʒ巨噬细胞
plasma cell浆细胞
mast cell肥大细胞
fat cell脂肪细胞
ground substance基质
collagenous fiber [kə'lædʒənəs]胶原纤维
elastic fiber弹性纤维
reticular fiber网状纤维
reticular cell网状细胞cartilage ['kɑ:tilidʒ]软骨cartilage tissue软骨组织
hyaline cartilage ['haiəlain透明软骨
elastic cartilage弹性软骨
fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage纤维软骨
chondrocyte ['kɔndrəsait]软骨细胞
isogenous group [ai'sɔdʒinəs]同源细胞群
perichondrium [,peri'kɔndriəm]软骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissue ['ɔsiəs]骨组织bone matrix骨质osteoprogenitor cell骨祖细胞osteoblast ['ɔstiəublæst]成骨细胞osteocyte ['ɔstiəsait]骨细胞osteoclast ['ɔstiəuklæst]破骨细胞circumferential lamella [lə'melə]环骨板osteone骨单位Haversian system哈弗斯系统interstitial lamella间骨板periosteum [,peri,ɔstiəm]骨外膜endosteum [en'dɔstiəm]骨内膜Blood 血液serum ['siərəm ] 血清blood plasma 血浆Wright’s stain 瑞氏染色hemocyte ['hi:məsait血细胞erythrocyte [i'riθrəusait红细胞hemoglobin(Hb) [,hi:məu'ɡləubin, ,hem-] 血红蛋白reticulocyte [ri'tikjuləusait] 网织红细胞
leukocyte ['lju:kəusait白细胞granulocyte ['ɡrænjuləusait] 有粒白细胞agranulocyte [ei'ɡrænjuləusait]无粒白细胞azurophilic granules [grænju:ls嗜天青颗粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) ['nju:trəfil]中性粒细胞eosinophil [,i:ə'sinəfil,-fail, -fil]嗜酸性粒细胞basophil ['beisəfil]嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte ['mɔnəusait]单核细胞
lymphocyte ['limfəusait] 淋巴细胞blood platelet ['pleitlit]血小板
Muscle Tissue 肌组织muscle fiber 肌纤维sarcolemma [,sɑ:kəu'lemə] 肌膜sarcoplasm ['sɑ:kəplæzəm]肌浆sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆网skeletal muscle ['skelitəl] 骨骼肌epimysium [,epi'misiəm]肌外膜perimysium [,peri'miʒiəm, -ziəm]肌束膜endomysium [,endə'miziəm]肌内膜striated muscle ['straieitid]横纹肌myofilament [,maiəu'filəmənt]肌丝isotropic band [,aisəu'trɔpik] I带anisotropic band[æn,aisəu'trɔpik] A带sarcomere ['sɑ:kəmiə]肌节myofibril [,maiəu'faibril] 肌原纤维transverse tubule (T tubule) 横小管longitudinal tubule [,lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl]纵小管terminal cisternae ['tə:minəl][si'stə:ni:]终池
triad 'traiəd, -æd三联体cardiac muscle ['kɑ:diæk]心肌
.
intercalated disc 闰盘
diad ['daiæd] 二联体smooth muscle 平滑肌
Nervous Tissue 神经组织nervous cell 神经细胞neuroglial cell 神经胶质细胞neuron ['njuərɔn]神经元soma ['səumə]胞体neurite ['njuərait突起dendrite ['dendrait] 树突
axon ['æksɔn轴突Nissl’s body 尼氏体neurofibril [,njuərəu'faibril] 神经原纤维neurofilament [,nuərə'filəmənt]神经丝microtubule [,maikrəu'tju:bju:l微管synapse['sainæps,突触axosomatic synapse 轴体突触axodendrite synapse 轴树突触chemical synapse 化学性突触presynaptic element [,pri:si'næptik]突触前成分synaptic vesicle ['vesikl] 突触小泡synaptic cleft 突触间隙postsynaptic element 突触后成分glial cell ['ɡlaiəl]胶质细胞astrocyte ['æstrəsait]星形胶质细胞oligodendrocyte ['ɔliɡəu'dendrəsait少突胶质细胞microglia [mai'krɔɡlaiə] 小胶质细胞ependymal cell [e'pendə,meəri] 室管膜细胞Schwann’s cel l 施万细胞neurilemmal cell [,njurələ'mætik神经膜细胞satellite cell ['sætəlait]卫星细胞nerve fiber 神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber ['maiəlineitid,有髓神经纤维unmyelinated nerve fiber 无髓神经纤维
central axon ['æksɔn轴索
myelin sheath 髓鞘neurilemma 神经膜Ranvier’s node 郎飞结internode ['intənəud] 结间体
nerve 神经epineurium [,epi'njuəriəm] 神经外膜perineurium [,perə'nju:riəm]神经束膜endoneurium [,perə'nju:riəm]神经内膜sensory nerve ending 感觉神经末梢free nerve ending 游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve ending [in'kæpsəleitid] 被囊神经末梢tactile['tæktail corpuscle ['kɔ:pʌsl] 触觉小体lameller corpuscle ['kɔ:pʌsl]环层小体muscle spindle ['spindl]肌梭
motor nerve ending 运动神经末梢somatic[səu'mætik] motor nerve ending 躯体运动神经末梢visceral 'visərəl] motor nerve ending 内脏运动神经末梢motor end plate 运动终板
Circulatory System循环系统Cardiovascular system [,kɑ:diəu'væskjulə]心血管系统heart心
walls of heart心壁endocardium[,endəu'kɑ:diəm] 心内膜endothelium [,endəu'θi:liəm]内皮subendothelial layer ['leiə内皮下层subendocardial layer心内膜下层Purkinje fibers浦肯野纤维
myocardium [,maiəu'kɑ:diəm]心肌膜epicardium [,epi'kɑ:diəm]心外膜
artery ['ɑ:təri]动脉
medium-sized artery 中动脉muscular artery 肌性动脉tunica intima ['tju:nikə] ['intimə]内膜
internal elastic membrane内弹性膜tunica media中膜
tunica adventitia[,ædven'tiʃiə外膜
external elastic membrane外弹性膜large artery大动脉
elastic artery弹性动脉small artery小动脉arteriole [ɑ:'tiəriəu]微动脉capillary [kə'piləri, 'kæpi-]毛细血管continuous capillary连续性毛细血管fenestrated[fi'nestreitid] capillary有孔毛细血管discontinuous sinusoidal[,sinə'sɔidl] capillary不连续毛细血管blood sinusoid血窦
vein [vein]静脉lymphatic [,lim'fætik] system 淋巴系统lymphatic capillary毛细淋巴管
lymphatic vessel ['vesəl]淋巴管lymphatic trunks淋巴干lymphatic ducts淋巴导管
Immune [i'mju:n] System免疫系统lymphoid ['limfɔid] organ淋巴器官central lymphoid organ中枢淋巴器官peripheral[pə'rifərəl] lymphoid organ周围淋巴器官lymphatic tissue淋巴组织diffuse lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织lymphoid nodule ['nɔdju:l, -dʒu:l]淋巴小结immune cell 免疫细胞thymus['θaiməs]胸腺capsule['kæpsju:l]被膜interlobular septum小叶间隔thymocyte['θaiməsait]胸腺细胞epithelial reticular cell上皮网状细胞thymic epithelial cell胸腺上皮细胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小体lymphoid node淋巴结trabecula小梁cortical sinus['sainəs]皮质淋巴窦subcapsular sinus被膜下淋巴窦peritrabecular sinus小梁周窦superficial [,sju:pə'fiʃəl] cortex['kɔ:teks]浅层皮质paracortex zone[pærə'kɔ:teks] 副皮质区thymus dependent area胸腺依赖区medullary cord['medələri]髓索medullary sinus髓窦spleen脾
white pulp[pʌlp]白髓periarterial lymphatic sheath动脉周围淋巴鞘central artery中央动脉splenic corpuscle['kɔ:pʌsl]脾小结
red pulp红髓
splenic cord脾索
splenic sinus脾窦
marginal zone['mɑ:dʒinəl]边缘区
palatine['pælətain] tonsil['tɔnsil]腭扁桃体mononuclear[,mɔnəu'nju:kliə] phagocytic [,fæɡə'sitik]
单核吞噬细胞系统system
Digestive System消化系统digestive[di'dʒestiv tract消化管mucosa[mju:'kəusə]粘膜
lamina propria固有层muscularis mucosa粘膜肌层submucosa粘膜下层muscularis肌层adventitia[,ædven'tiʃiə]外膜
tongue[tʌŋ]舌
lingual ['liŋɡwəl] papilla[pə'pilə]舌乳头
filiform papilla丝状乳头fungiform['filifɔ:m] papilla菌状乳头circumvallate [,sə:kəm'væleit] papilla轮廓乳头
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esophagus[i:'sɔfəɡəs]食管stomach胃
fundic ['fʌndik] gland胃底腺chief cell主细胞zymogen cell['zaiməudʒən]胃酶细胞parietal cell[pə'raiitəl]壁细胞oxyntic['ɔksintik] cell泌酸细胞mucous ['mju:kəs] neck cell颈粘液细胞small intestine[in'testin]小肠plicae ['plaikə circularis环行皱襞absorptive [əb'sɔ:ptiv] cell吸收细胞striated border纹状缘goblet cell杯状细胞endocrine cell['endəukrain,内分泌细胞small intestinal gland小肠腺Paneth cell潘氏细胞undifferentiated cell未分化细胞intestinal vilus肠绒毛large intestine大肠digestive gland消化腺pancreas['pænkriəs]胰exocrine portion['eksəkrain]外分泌部
pancreas islet['ailit]胰岛glucagon ['ɡlu:kəɡɔn]胰高血糖素insulin['insjulin胰岛素somatostatin[,səumətə'stætin,生长抑素liver['livə]肝hepatic [hi'pætik]lobule/liver lobule[/'lɔbju:l/]肝小叶hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyte['hepətəsait,肝细胞Kupffer cell库普弗细胞hepatic sinusoid['sainəsɔid]肝血窦Disse space狄氏间隙perisinusoidal space窦周隙bile [bail]canaliculus[,kænə'likjuləs]胆小管portal canal area门管区interlobular vein小叶间静脉interlobular artery小叶间动脉interlobular bile duct小叶间胆管
Respiratory ['respərətəri,]System呼吸系统trachea[trə'ki:ə, 'treikiə]气管
lung[lʌŋ]肺conducting portion导气部
lobar bronchus['brɔŋkəs]叶支气管small bronchus小支气管bronchiole['brɔŋkiəul]细支气管terminal ['tə:minəl]bronchiole终末细支气管respiratory['respərətəri, portion呼吸部respiratory bronchiole呼吸性细支气管alveolar [æl'viələ] duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary, ['pʌlmənəri acinus['æsinəs]肺泡
alveolar epithelium肺泡上皮
type Ⅰalveolar cellⅠ型肺泡细胞type Ⅱalveolar cellⅡ型肺泡细胞surfactant[sə:'fæktənt]表面活性物质alveolar septum['septəm]肺泡隔alveolar pore肺泡孔pulmonary macrophage肺巨噬细胞dust cell尘细胞
blood-air barrier血-气屏障respiratory membrane呼吸膜
Urinary['juərinəri] System 泌尿系统kidney ['kidni] 肾
renal['ri:nəl] cortex['kɔ:teks] 肾皮质
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renal medulla [me'dʌlə] 肾髓质cortical labyrinth ['læbərinθ]皮质迷路medullary ray 髓放线uriniferous tubule 泌尿小管nephron ['nefrɔn] 肾单位renal corpuscle 肾小体vascular['væskjulə] pole 血管极urinary pole 尿极renal glomerulus [ɡlɔ'merjuləs] 肾小球mesangium [me'sændʒiəm] 血管系膜mesangial cell 系膜细胞mesangial matrix['meitriks] 系膜基质renal capsule ['kæpsju:l]肾小囊parietal layer [pə'raiitəl] 壁层visceral layer ['visərəl] 脏层capsular space 肾小囊腔podocyte [pɔdə'sait] 足细胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtration[fil'treiʃən] membrane 滤过膜filtration barrier 滤过屏障renal tubule 肾小管proximal['prɔksiməl] tubule 近端小管
thin segment ['seɡmənt 细段
distal tubule [dis'təl] 远端小管pars convolute ['kɔnvə,lu:t] 曲部
pars recta ['rektə] 直部proximal convoluted tubule 近曲小管brush border 刷状缘lateral process 侧突
basal striation 基底纵纹distal convoluted tubule 远曲小管collection tubule 集合管
球旁复合体juxtaglomerular [,dʒʌkstəɡlə'merjulə]
complex
juxtaglomerular apparatus [,æpə'reitəs] 肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell 球旁细胞renin ['ri:nin, 're-] 肾素macula ['mækjulə] densa 致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell 球外系膜细胞Skin皮肤epidermis[,epi'də:mis]表皮dermis['də:mis]真皮stratum['streitəm, basale基底层stratum spinosum棘层
stratum granulosum颗粒层
.
stratum lucidum透明层stratum corneum['kɔ:niəm]角质层melanocyte['melənəusait黑素细胞Langerhans cell朗格汉斯细胞papillary[pə'piləri] layer乳头层reticular layer网织层hypodermis[,haipəu'də:mis]皮下组织
Eye 眼
eyeball 眼球fibrous tunic ['tju:nik] 纤维膜vascular tunic ['væskjulə] 血管膜retina ['retinə] 视网膜cornea['kɔ:niə] 角膜corneal epithelium 角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina 前界层corneal stroma['strəumə] 角膜基质posterior limiting lamina 后界层corneal endothelium 角膜内皮layers of retina 视网膜的分层pigment['piɡmənt] epithelium layer 色素上皮层layer of rods and cones 视杆视锥层layer of bipolar [bai'pəulə] cell 双极细胞层
layer of ganglion cell ['ɡæŋɡliən] 节细胞层pigment epithelial cell 色素上皮细胞visual cell ['vizjuəl] 视细胞photoreceptor cell [,fəutəuri'septə] 感光细胞
rod cell 视杆细胞
cone cell [kəun] 视锥细胞bipolar cell [bai'pəulə] 双极细胞ganglion cell 节细胞
Endocrine System['endəukrain, -krin]内分泌系统endocrine gland内分泌腺
含氮激素细胞nitrogen-['naitrədʒən] containine hormone
['hɔ:məun] cell
steroid secretory [si'kri:təri] cell类固醇分泌细胞thyroid gland['θairɔid]甲状腺
thyroid hormone甲状腺激素follicular [fɔlikjulə] epithelial cell滤泡上皮细胞
碘化的甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin[,θairəu'ɡlɔbjuliŋ]iodination
[,aiəudi'neiʃən]
colloid['kɔlɔid]胶体
thyroxine[θai'rɔksi:n, -sin]甲状腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲状腺原氨酸tetraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲状腺原氨酸parafollicular cell滤泡旁细胞calcitonin[,kælsi'təunin]降钙素parathyroid[,pærə'θairɔid]甲状旁腺
chief cell主细胞parathyroid hormone甲状旁腺激素
oxyphil cell嗜酸性细胞
adrenal[ə'dri:nəl] gland肾上腺
zona glomerulosa球状带mineralocorticoid[,minərələu'kɔ:tikɔid]盐皮质激素aldosterone[,ældəu'sterəun]醛固酮
zona fasiculata束状带Glucocorticoid [,ɡlu:kəu'kɔ:tikɔid]糖皮质激素corticosterone[,kɔ:ti'kɔstərəun皮质酮
zona reticularis网状带
chromaffin [krəu'mæfin]cell嗜铬细胞adrenaline[ə'drenəlin epinephrine[,epi'nefrin肾上腺素norepinephrine/noradrenaline去甲肾上腺素pituitary gland [pi'tju:itəri]垂体
basophilic cell[,beisə'filik]嗜碱性细胞thyrotroph促甲状腺激素细胞thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin促甲状腺激素adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph促肾上腺皮质激素细胞adrenocorticotropin[ə'dri:nəu,kɔ:tikəu'trɔpin]促肾上腺皮质激素gonadotroph促性腺激素细胞adenohypophysis[,ædənəuhai'pɔfisis]腺垂体
pars distalis 远侧部
acidophilic cell[,æsidəu'filik嗜酸性细胞somatotroph ['səumətətrəuf生长激素细胞somatotropin/growth hormone(GH)生长激素mammotroph/prolactin cell促乳激素细胞mammotropin[,mæməu'trəupin]促乳激素
follicle['fɔlikl] stimulating['stimjuleitiŋ] hormone(FSH)卵泡刺激素luteinizing['lu:tiinaiz] hormone(LH)['hɔ:məun]黄体生成素
interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH)间质细胞刺激素chromophobe cell嫌色细胞
pars intermedia中间部melanotroph促黑素激素细胞melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)黑素细胞刺激素pars tuberalis 结节部neurohypophysis[,njuərəuhai'pɔfisis]神经垂体
pars nervosa神经部pituicyte[pi'tju:isait]垂体细胞Herring’s body赫林体hypothalamus[,haipəu'θæləməs]下丘脑supraoptic nucleus[,sju:prə'ɔptik]视上核paraaventricular nucleus室旁核vasopressin(VP)[,veizəu'presin加压素antidiuretic hormone(ADH)['ænti,daijuə'retik]抗利尿激素oxytocin(OT)[,ɔksi'təusin, -'tɔ-]催产素infundibulum[,infʌn'dibjuləm]漏斗
Male Reproductive System [,ri:prə'dʌktiv]男性生殖系统testis ['testis]睾丸seminiferous tubule [,semi'nifərəs] 生精小管interstitial tissue 间质spermatogenic epithelium [,spə:mətəu'dʒenik, 生精上皮spermatogenic cell 生精细胞spermatogonium [,spə:mətəu'ɡəuniəm, 精原细胞primar spermatocyte ['spə:mətəusait, 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞
spermatid ['spə:mətid] 精子细胞spermatozoon [,spə:mətəu'zəuən精子sustentacular cell [,sʌsten'tækjulə, 支持细胞interstitial cell 间质细胞androgen 雄激素Female Reproductive System 女性生殖系统ovary ['əuvəri] 卵巢superficial epithelium 表面上皮ovarian cortex ['kɔ:teks] 卵巢皮质ovarian medulla [me'dʌlə] 卵巢髓质hilus cell ['hailəs] 门细胞follicle ['fɔlikl] 卵泡primordial follicle [prai'mɔ:djəl] 原始卵泡primary cocyte 初级卵母细胞oogonium [,əuə'ɡəuniəm] 卵原细胞follicular cell [fɔlikjulə] 卵泡细胞primary follicle 初级卵泡zona pellucida 透明带corona [kə'rəunə] radiata ['reidi,eitə] 放射冠secondary follicle 次级卵泡follicular cavity 卵泡腔follicular fluid 卵泡液
cumulus['kju:mjuləs] oophorus 卵丘stratum granulosum 颗粒层follicular theca 卵泡膜theca['θi:kə] interna 卵泡膜内层theca externa 卵泡膜外层mature follicle 成熟卵泡secondary oocyte ['əuəsait] 次级卵母细胞polar body 极体
first polar body 第一极体secondary polar body 第二极体ovum ['əuvəm] 卵子ovulation [,əuvju'leiʃən, ɔ-] 排卵corpus luteum 黄体granulosa[grænju'ləusə] lutein cell 颗粒黄体细胞theca lutein cell 膜黄体细胞progesterone[prəu'dʒestərəun] 孕酮estrogen ['estrədʒən] 雌激素corpus lutein of menstruation [,menstru'eiʃən] 月经黄体corpus lutein of pregnancy ['preɡnənsi] 妊娠黄体corpus albicans ['ælbikəns] 白体
uterus[si'rəusə, -zə] 子宫perimetrium [peri'mi:triəm] 子宫外膜
serosa [si'rəusə, -zə] 浆膜fibrosa 纤维膜myometrium [,maiəu'mitriəm] 子宫肌膜endometrium [,endəu'mi:triəm] 子宫内膜uterine gland ['ju:tərain] 子宫腺spiral artery ['spaiərəl] 螺旋动脉menstrual cycle ['menstruəl] 月经周期proliferative phase [prə,lifə'reitiv]增生期follicular phase [feiz] 卵泡期secretory phase 分泌期luteal phase 黄体期menstrual phase 月经期Embryology[,embri'ɔlədʒi]胚胎学fertilization[,fə:tilai'zeiʃən]受精cleavage['kli:vidʒ]卵裂implantation[,implɑ:n'teiʃən植入morula['mɔ:rjulə]桑椹胚blastocyst['blæstəusist]卵泡germ disc胚盘ectoderm['ektədə:m]外胚层mesoderm['mesəudə:m, ,mez-]中胚层endoderm['endəudə:m]内胚层
fetal membrane胎膜chorion['kɔ:riən]绒毛膜amnion['æmniən]羊膜囊yolk sac卵黄囊allantois[ə'læntəuis]尿囊umbilical cord[ʌm'bilikəl]脐带placenta[plə'sentə]胚盘chorion['kɔ:riən] frondosum丛密绒毛膜decidua basalis [di'sidjuə]底蜕膜
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