完整版英语宾语补足语用法详解

Contents

英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2)

一、概念 (2)

二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2)

三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3)

典例精析： (4)

英语宾语补足语用法详解

一、概念

主语补足语宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态和分词作句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。

宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表

示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补

足语称为复合宾语。

句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法)

该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到

补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如：

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.

此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。

二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语

现在分词表示主动；主动关系，则用(宾语)与分词之间是(分词作主语宾语)补足语时，若主语过去分

词表示被动。例如：与分词之间是被动关系，则用)如果主语(宾语He was heard singing in the next room.

He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。

One of the glasses was found broken.

One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.

The water is running.宾语the water与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词running。

三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词

必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。要会使用分词作补足语，

感官动词，，，，，，，一感二听五看)hearnoticelisten tolook at(seeobserve1.watchfeel及等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语find。如：

If you wave your book in front of your face，you can feel the air moving against your face.

The air can be felt moving against your face，if you wave your book in front of your face.

The next morning she found the man lying in bed，dead.

The next morning the man was found lying in bed，dead.

表示致使动词，，等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足leave”“have2.get语。

--Good morning. Can I help you？

--I'd like to have the package weighed，madam.

表示意欲；命令的动词如，，，等常接过去分词充当补足语。orderwant”wish3.like“如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done.你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。

The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。

I wish it done quickly.我希望很快将此事做完。

注意：set，start，catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语，make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如：

，start sb.coughing，Set sb.thinking

He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard.

典例精析：

1.I smell something___________in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute？

A.burning

B.burnt D.to be burnt

C.being burnt

。答案：A强调这个动作正在进行。”解析：smell something burning“闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味。”表示一种状态。所以选Aburning作宾语补足语。Something burnt“烧焦了的东西2.After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother's voice______him.

A.calling

B.called

C.being called

D.to call

答案：A。

the child heard his +ing表示主动，意为“听到某人在做某事”。动词hear sb.doing sth.解析：。所以”表示。Hear sth.done“听见某事被做了mother'svoice calling him表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他”。选A3.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_____in a short

period.

A.improved

B.improving

C.to improve

D.improve

答案：A。

使她的书面英语得到，have her written English improved“have sth.done表示“使某事被做”解析：

表主“意为使某人一直在做某事”+ed提高”。动词形式作宾语补足语表示被动。Have sb.doing sth. A。。所以选前必须省略表主动，使某人做某事意为动。Have sb.do sth.“”doto ？4.--Did Peter fix the computer himself --He______，because he doesn't know much about computers.

A.has it fixed

B.had fixed it

C.had it fixed

D.fixed it

答案：C。

解析：have sth.done表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事”，动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。由。C 可判断出，他找别人维修了电脑。所以选because he doesn't know much about computers