北师大版高中英语必修四重点语法汇总
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必修4重点语法汇总
Unit10
不定代词
some/any/no
①some, any作“一些,某个”讲,表示不确定的或未知的数量数目,可用在可数名词和不可数名词前。some通常用于肯定陈述句中,any用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。例:She picked some flowers from the garden.
Do you have any money with you?
②some可用在表示邀请或请求的句子中,表示希望对方给予肯定回答。
例:May I ask you some questions?
③any用于肯定句中,表示“任何(一个)的”。
例:You may come at any time.
④no=not a/not any,作定语,后跟可数名词或不可数名词。
例:I have no choice.
A lot of/lots of/plenty of/many/much
①a lot of, lots of, plenty of意为“许多,大量的”,可用于可数名词复数和不可数名词前。例:A lot of people say that they live for no purpose.
You need to wear lots of warm clothes.
There is plenty of time.
②many后跟可数名词复数,much后跟不可数名词。
例:He speaks some Chinese, but not much.
How many people are there in the room?
all/none; both/neither; either
①all指三个或三个以上的人或事物,both指两个人或物,在句中都可作主语,宾语,表语,同位语或定语。
例:We are all students.
All of us should work hard.
②both和all都可直接修饰名词。名词前有限定词时,其前只能用both of或all of。
例:Both of brothers are clever.
③neither意为“(两者)都不”;none意为“没有人,一个也没有”;either表示“两者之一”或“(两者中的)任何一个”,用于单数名词,of+宾格人称代词或带限定词的复数名词前,作主语,宾语或定语。
例:Neither of us is a doctor.
None of the books are helpful.
Here are two brushes. Use either.
Another/other/the other/the others
①another表示三者或三者以上中的另一个,意思是“再一,又一”。一般接可数名词单数。例:Lucy, would you like another cake?
②other泛指“其他的,另外的”,可接复数名词;复数形式others表示“另一些”,相当于other+名词。
例:Do you have any other questions?
Some are carrying water, others are watering the tree.
③the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成one…the other…结构;the others特制一定范围内的“其余的人或物”。
例:Mr. and Mrs. Shute have two children. One is a daughter, and the other is a son.
I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue.
不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to是动词不定时的符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。不定式具有动词的特征,可和后面的名词等构成不定式短语;不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以在句子中作主语,表语,宾语,补足语,定语,状语。
不定式作主语:
①不定式作主语,表示特指的一次性动作。
To say is one thing; to do is another.
②为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语—动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。
It is not easy to learn English well.
不定式作宾语:
①英语中agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后需接不定式作宾语。
The government decided to rebuild the damage bridge.
②decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。
The driver wondered how to start the car in such a cold morning.
不定式作表语
①不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
My wish is to join the army after graduation.
②如果主语是不定式,表示条件,表语也应用不定式,表示结果。
To see is to believe.