2001年英语专业八级考试翻译试题及参考译文
专业八级翻译参考译文
专业八级翻译参考译文Model Test 1SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH[参考译文]Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple. As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat. Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill and then left slipping and jumping. The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple. Normally none of their came out to watch the tigers eat. Sometimes, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left. Sometimes, when they found，monks at the gate, they would whisk a way like the wind after uttering several thunderous roars.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CIINESE【参考译文】涉足爱河的青年男女常以爱情为砝码，而他们的父母更愿意他们选择有钱人。
专业八级考试98-06(翻译部分)
Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia.
【概述】
这段文字是一篇赴台访问记的节选，文中夹叙夹 议，用词讲究，文笔优美。
翻译时有三大难点，一是文中的复杂长句，如第二句长达75 字，而且里面包含转折、并列等多种关系。
二是我们习以为常的说法如“铭刻着……印记”，“推到历 史前台”等要翻译好也不容易。
三是这段文字涉及祖国统一的主题，笔下饱含感情，充满了 对祖国统一的期望和对台湾同胞的深厚情意，所以翻译时措 辞很关键。
【参考译文】
When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange program, despite the
tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make new ones. At every get-together, one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century. Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of the Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation.
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
英译汉1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃） society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的） to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动） towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就） in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石） for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.【参考答案】 English to Chinese译文1：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
专八历年英译汉真题
2009-01-06 | 专业八级历年英译汉真题解析（1996-2000）1996年专八英译汉试题原文Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.【概述】本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。
2001年八级试卷及答案
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.) 2001 TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre.” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now the thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a family destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mildly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nations to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness within ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of contending that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Because of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and mos t people don’t go in above their knees anyway—and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the year, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain had hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in which Luxembourg had more listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the sea. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European Union, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the whole of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front more visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, had become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway,” says Wood, “so we decided to make aesthetic improvements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool recently spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seating around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years ago is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comfortably the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it, “you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that crowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Blackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a sandcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.”Welsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summer. I countedjust 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Except for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is like this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we were young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helicopters and goodness knows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see those days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I pointed out.“For the moment,” Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to the town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invitation to a hear t attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was setting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water hiss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the streets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of dusk the town looked peaceful and happy—enchanting even—and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I realized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standards of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxembourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story.) In each case investors—mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans—all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panickedinvestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ split the difference—and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most clichés, the catchphrase “crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recovery—and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all—as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia—which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls—also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news—even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF’s advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform—whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes,” said Spencer Wells. The book he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written, and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings,with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events.” Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.“It’s part of our nature, this movement,”Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colonizers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events and migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. remoteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with originalartists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. The thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is no society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of putting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot explain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals had in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of feeling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creative work is that ___.A. they care about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the public.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication system.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individuals feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the societyPart III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [ 10 MIN.]There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?A. The Telegraph.B. The News of the WorldC. The GuardianD. The Financial Times2. The British media have many important functions. Which of the following is an exception?A.They supply people with news, keeping them informed about what is happening in theworld.B.They make huge profit by publishing advertisements.C.They promoted culture and education.D.They provide entertainment.3. Super Bowl is the name of final match of _______.A. American FootballB. BasketballC. volleyballD. Tennis.4. What does NBA stand for in US?A. National Baseball AssociationB. National Basketball AssociationC. Native Basketball ActivityD. National Broadcasting Association5. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist _______ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare6. English Renaissance Period was an age of ____.A. prose and novelB. Poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs7. ____ is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Sherwood AndersonB. Stephen CraneC. Jack LondonD. Theodore Dresier8. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the late 19th and early 20th century with the exception of _____.A. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate Chopin9. A ____ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator10. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ____.A. semanticsB. sociolinguisticsC. pragmaticsD. psycholinguisticsPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.)During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8. government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.buy, sell, and set prices.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.)TEXT A短文大意：本文介绍的是一个叫做Blackpool的地方。
吴自选-TEM-8-翻译真题及答案
吴自选-TEM-8-翻译真题及答案样题XII（翻译部分，原书2001年全真题）SECTION A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English.（原文）乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。
但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，"有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。
我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。
" 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。
乔羽说："钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。
"（参考译文）The general public might be well-acquainted with the songs composed by Qiao Yu, but they might actually know very little about his two major hobbies-fishing and wine-drinking.In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: " Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers/resorts which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but thosenaturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal." According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one's temperament and to one's health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: "Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically."SECTION B：Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese（原文）Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.（参考译文）梭罗所理解的"低层次"，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。
2001年英语专业八级考试全真试卷(答案部分)
2001年英语专业八级考试全真试卷（答案部分）听力原文PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKThe World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid i s passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. I ts scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billi on a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important c hanges have taken place in the size of the bank’s operations and in the emphasi s of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank’s loan p rogram. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includ es hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, w hich are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank’s affiliate—the International Development Association.In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take i nto account the population explosion which is occuring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. U nfortunately, wide-ranging country section programs do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a li nk between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fer tility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services, by introducin g better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income di stribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lend ing strategy, where previously it concentrated on the big infrastructure project s, such as dams, roads and bridges. It begun to switch to projects which directly i mprove the basic services of the country. There was a shift, if you like, from b uilding dams to digging water holes to provide clear water.A second reason for the change of approach was that the bank has learned a big lesson from projects financed in the 1960s. Many of its major capital inv estment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they cr eated much employment. The project did not have the trigger-down effect they hav e in industrialized countries. Instead the huge dams, steel-mills, and so on wer e left as monuments to themselves. This redirection of its lending has meant tha t the bank has tended to support labour intensive activities, rather than capita l intensive ones. Both rural and urban areas, there is a better chance in the fi rst case, that its funds will benefit the bottom 40% of the country’s populatio n.The bank is also looking for ways of stimulating the growth of the small busine sses in many developing countries since this would create employment opportuniti es for people with lowerincomes. Being such a big, obvious target, the bank has often come under fire. For example, its officials have been taken to task for u sing Concord supersonic aircraft so frequently, about 500 times in one year. Als o, the large growth of the organization’s personnel has not pleased some critic s . A more substantial criticism has concerned the bank’s policy of setting annua l target for lending to specified countries. This could lead to the deterioration in quality of loans, some say. One former bank official has said, rather than e ncourage growth for its own sake, the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of a financial deal-maker, combining official wit h the private resources for specific purposes.Finally, some people maintain that the impact of the projects funded by the bank has been modest. When one looks around the world at regions or countries that have successfully transformed to industrial status, it seems that one shoul d be aware of over-estimating the bank’s impact. Take Hong Kong for example. I ts changes have come about as a result of trade offensive. The purpose has been to flood western market with low price goods made by capitalist methods of produ ction. The example seems to indicate that some regions can prosper without the b ank’s aid as well.SECTION B CONVERSATIONW: Well, it seems quite common actually. A lot of people in Australia no w are travelling and taking time off. And when I was actually travelling, I met so many people doing the same thing. M: Yeah, yeah, so where did you start off?W: Well, I went to New Zealand first. Eh, and got a job in a computer company as a secretary. And I worked there for 4 months.M: Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it’s possible for anyone to get a j ob in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander?W: No, not everybody, only Australians and New Zealanders can exchange either. Y ou know you can work in either country.’M: Right, yeah.W: So that was easy. So I worked there for 4 months and raised enough money for the rest of travels really. So from there I went to Indonesia, and travelled aro und the different islands around Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China , Nepal and India.M: What about Indonesia? What did you do? Did you fly mostly between the Isla nds?W: Eh, I did a bit of that, and boats, mainly local boats between the Islands.M: What about Singapore? People said it’s very very modern. But because it is s o modern, it’s rather boring. Did you find that?W: Well, it’s difficult to say really. It has different attractions. You know t h e Chinese, Malay, and Hindu communities are there. Each has his own culture and custom, very different from the others. And it’s a great big shopping center an d I really enj oy it from that point of view. And it was very clean.M: And after, you said you went what, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and then Ch ina? That’s a great country to travel in, isn’t it?W: Eh, it was. Yeah, it was fabulous. It really was. You have been there then?M: No, I haven’t. No, I mean it’s very big. What did you do?W: Yeah. Well, I had only one month to travel in China, and that was too short f or such a vastcountry as China. I felt I didn’t have enough time, so I sacrifc ed a lot of places and did the main tourist throughout really. I went to Beijing, the capital, Kaifeng, Yinchuan, and Tibet.M: Well, how exciting! You said after Beijing, you went to?W: That was Kaifeng in central China’s Henan province. It’s a charming city, a nd has got a lot to look around, like temples and pagodas, very traditional.M: Eh, eh.W: What fascinated me when I was there was that some Jews went to live in Kaifen g many years ago. As early as 16th century, there were Jewish families there. Th ey have their synagogue and five books of Masses. Even today several hundred des cendants of the original Jews still live in Kaifeng.M: Really, I’ve never heard of that. And where did you go after Kaifeng?W: I went to northwest to Yinchuan, the provincial city of Ningxia Hui autonomou s region.M: Is this the place where there always is a shortage of water?W: No, no, on the contrary, it has got abundant supply of water, because it is n ear the Yellow River. In this sense, Yinchuan has a favorable geographical posit on in otherwise harsh surroundings.M: What did you see there then?W: Ningxia was once the capital of Western Xia during the 11th century. So outsi de Yinchuan, you can still see the Western Xia mausoleum, where the Kings and t heir Kingdoms were buried. The tombs were scattered in a pretty big area at the foot of the Henan Mountain, and inside the city there are famous mosques in the architectural style of Middle East. It’s really a place worth visiting. You got to know something about Chinese Moslems.M: And that sounds really interesting. Where did you travel after that?W: I was lucky enough to get into Tibet, and that was brilliant.M: Yeah. What was the most interesting place you visited, do you think?W: Well, I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I’ve never been anywhere so different. The people there are wonderful, the clothes .they w ear, the food they eat.M: And you said you went to Nepal as well?W: Yeah, eh, that’s a sort of easier passion of Tibetans really and there are a lot of Tibetans---there as well as other tribes and Nepalese, so that was g ood because I went trekking in Nepal, you should do that.M: How long did you trek for?W: Oh, I only did a short one, only for a week. I was lazy.M: Was it very tiring?W: No, it wasn’t actually. I mean you just set your own pace, and don’t pace y ou rself too hard, that was a stupid thing to do. Eh, you don’t have to walk very far, so that was great.M: So how did you feel after all this travelling? How did you feel to stop trav elling? I mean you were on the move alone for months and months ,and suddenly yo u’re here ,and not traveling any more. How does it feel?W: I was ready to stop anyway. You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, a nd washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for long er than two days. And since I was ready to stop, I don’t think I could keep doi n g it. I mean I’ve met people who’ve been travelling for 2 or 3 years. I couldn' t do it.M: Yeah, yeah. Maybe it’s something I should try after this.W: I think you really should.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1(For Questions 11-12)Mike Tyson could sign a deal by Friday to face either Germany’s Axo Shos or Denmark’s Brian Nielsen here on Au gust 21 in the heavy weight’s first fight s in ce his release from jail. The former World Heavy Weight champion was released on Monday after 4 months behind bars for an assault in the wake of a traffic accident last August. His deal with Showtime makes an August come back likely. “Augu s t 21st is certainly a day we’re looking at,” Showtime board director, James Lock en s said , “Hopefully in the next few days we’ll have something concrete”. Nevada boxing officials revoked Tyson’s license for more than a year after he bit Evander Holyfield’s ear off in June 1997. But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn’t expire until the end of the year. That came b efore the assault charge had been heard, and with the victim’s support.News Item 2(For Question 13)The United States has begun to review Russians documents about the life and death of former president John F. Kennedy, and is expected to release them once the review is complete, the White House said on Monday. The documents which the Russians gave the United States on Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy’s assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for seve r al years before he returned to the United States, and was arrested for killing t he former president on November 22, 1963. Russian President Boris Yeltsin surpri sed US president Bill Clinton on Sunday when he turned over what was described a s the result of exhaustive search of Russian government, military and private ar chives for papers about Kennedy and his assassination.News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3% in the past 3 mo n ths, as business conditions have improved in the last month Figures indicate th at from March to May this year, the size of the labor force was provisionally at 3,469,000, while the number of the unemployed people stood at 216,000. The numb er of cases of insolvency, sensational businesses and retrenchment, and numbers of workers affected these cases as recorded by the Labor Department have shown a declining trend in recent months. From March to May 1999, 78 such cases involvi ng 3,882 workers were recorded as compared 93 cases affecting 5,220 workers for the 3 months from December 1998 to February 1999. Figures for the period from Ma rch to May 1999 when compared with those from February to April 1999 show an inc rease in the unemployment rate, mainly in renovation, maintenance, whole sale, a nd retail and transport sectors, which offset the decrease in construction, impo rt and export and financing sectorsSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGThe Press ConferencePress conferences are an all too familiar phenomena around us. However, wh en people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to t hink of any that press conference provides for the competent news reporter. Use of the press conference by public officials and private entrepreneurs help give rise to the phrase “pseudo-event”, and the event contrived to create news cove rage, where none has considered wanted.However, having said that, one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event. And perhaps this is reasoned enough to continu e the practice. At a press conference, a public official supposedly submits to e xamination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that press conference offers an opportunity to get the public official on the record, with regard to the government policies. Stat ements from the press conference can serve as criteria against subsequent statem ents and policies are measured. In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point, more so than comments reported by single news mediu m. Also, when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new governm ent program, an earthquake, or the nomination of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest. The pre ss conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format.Now let’s move on to the disadvantages. And there are serious ones. Genera l ly speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for t he reporters to get worthwhile information. At press conference, particularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get asked question and certainly is unlikely to have chance to ask follow-up questions. Another disadvantage in the press conference comes from the news source, that is, the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up question and rephrase tough questions t o his or her liking, and sets the time, place and duration of the interview. Pre ss conferences televise live for the news audience, sometimes only highlights th e disadvantages for the news reporters since there is little or no time to chall enge, clarify or place context materials provided by the news source. Despite these disadvantages and others inherent how reporters get information, t he dews reporter can help assure the worthwhile information from a news source i n share with the news audience. One way to reduce the likely heard of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing by telephone, in person, and press confere nces as well as multiple sources, common to the success of these approaches, how ever, are such interrelated ingredient as the preparation of the news reporter, the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked.Let’s look at the preparation first. The nature of much news coverage re q uires news reporters to be well-read on contemporary events. Like other professi onals and craftsmen, the reporter must keep up to date on journalistic subject m atter, that is the human condition. Although the subject is broad, it offers the advantages that there is a little a reporter can read or witness. That will not help in covering the news at one time or another. Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought to the compet ence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sourc es would benefit the news audience more, if reporters would frequently ask thems elves: What is this news resource competent to talk about? What canthis person tell the news audience that few others can? Towards the caution regarding the issue of competence, first, the reporter shoul d not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source should know, does know, and can provide information. Second, the competence of t he news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods. Let’s just spend a few minutes on the first point. There are generally 4 condit i ons under which the reporter should not give prints to the news source informati on. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the so urce may have the information and want to share it, but may lack the verbal skil ls or concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not to want to share it, or worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, t he source may be willing to share this information but unable to recall it.Now in addition to preparation of the reporter and competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is ,the nature of questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of th e question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like “Are you for market economy” may lead to t he respondent saying virtually anything, and s till being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately as possible, repo rters can improve the question in the following 5 ways. Firstly, avoid words wit h double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify the time, pl ace and context you want the respondent to assume, and number 4, it is often hel pful to ask questions in terms of the respondent’s own immediate and recent exp e rience rather than in generalities. Finally, either make explicit all the altern ative the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make non e of them explicit. Do not leave the news resource by suggesting a desired answe r and not mentioning other alternatives.OK, to sum up, today’s lecture has covered some of the advantages and dis a dvantages of the press conference, and three important factors and successful ne ws coverage. In our next lecture, we will continue to discuss how to become a co mpetent news reporter.答案与详解PAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK1.答案：A【问句译文】世界银行运行系统变大系统的变化指的是什么？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
2001专八阅读翻译Text C
Text C“人类移民”，这个说法很模糊。
人们通常想到的是人们不断地从一个地方搬往另一个地方。
从更广范畴上来说，移民意味着各种变动——从一国农民的季节性搬家到一国难民到另一国家的定居。
“移民”规模大，危险性高，具有强制性。
从16世纪到20世纪有6000万欧洲人远离家园。
在1947年印度次大陆被划分之后，大约有1500万人，包括印度教徒、印度锡克教徒和穆斯林，在印度和巴基斯坦之间加入喧闹的移民人群。
移民是人口变化的动态回潮：是每个人的出路，每个人的斗争。
在新的世纪之交，移民不可避免带来的经济及政治骚动，被称为“新世纪最大的挑战之一。
”但是移民带来的还不仅仅是这些。
就像一直以来一样，移民还是人类生命的大冒险。
移民帮助创造了人类，驱使我们去征服地球，形成社会，并允诺重塑社会。
Spencer Wells说：“你的基因就是一部历史书。
”他尝试解读的书很古老，甚至可以回到第一个字被创造出来之前的很长时间，这是一部移民史。
Wells是斯坦福大学基因学家，金发，高个，他于1988年夏天和三位同事乘坐越野车，寻找血源．来研究外高加索和中亚人的远亲。
从他遇到的人所捐献的血里，他将搜寻基因标记可以告诉我们的故事，有关人类生命在地球上的长途跋涉的轨迹。
在现代人类致力于找出他们来自何方的长期努力中，基因研究是最新的技术。
但是无论如何寻找轨迹。
主线很简单：人类在不断移动，因为他们是人。
如果早期人类不走动，不尽可能多地互相来往。
他们可能就会进化成不同的物种了。
多数研究者认为人类起源于非洲，成群的猎人—采摘者分散开来，到达地球各个角落。
人口统计学家Kingsley Davis认为造成人类移民的原因有两个。
首先，人类有下--具和语言。
能够适应不同环境，不必非要等待进化以适应新环境。
其次，随着人口增加，文化开始不同，不同群体之间开始出现不平等。
第一个因素让我们有了进入地球上任何空间的钥匙，第二个因素给了我们使用这些钥匙的理由。
几百年来，随着农业在地球上的推广，人们搬到发现金属的地方工作，搬到后来变成城市的商业中心。
历年英语专业八级翻译
1997—2012英语专八真题翻译（汉翻英）1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laborat ory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
1995—2002年英语专八翻译真题及答案
1995—2002年英语专⼋翻译真题及答案英语专业⼋级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案（1995-2005）1995 年英语专业⼋级考试--翻译部分参考译⽂C-E原⽂：简.奥斯丁的⼩说都是三五户⼈家居家度⽇，婚恋嫁娶的⼩事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西⽅享有那么⾼的声誉。
但⼀部⼩说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过⼈之处，的确不在题材⼤⼩。
有⼈把奥斯丁的作品⽐作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语⾔精彩，并曾对⼩说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅⽩，那么透明。
史密斯夫⼈说过，⼥作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变⼈们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的⼩说能教我们学会转换眼光和⾓度，明察到“⼩事”的叙述所涉及的那些不⼩的问题。
参考译⽂：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of itsdepth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deepor not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) thefact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts)to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.1996 年英语专业⼋级考试--翻译部分参考译⽂C-E原⽂：近读报纸，对国内名⽚和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国⼈⼿中的名⽚和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不⽆借鉴之处。
2001专八英译汉
Translating the underlined English sentence into Chinese Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is endu ring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案
刘宏伟整理目录1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (3)1996年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (5)1997年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (7)1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (9)1999年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (11)2000年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (13)2002年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (17)2003年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (19)2004年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及及参考译文 (21)2005年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (22)2006年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (23)2007年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (24)2008年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (25)2009年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (26)1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is ―important‖ and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ or chards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as ―part of us.‖Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,moreexceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
1996年专八英译汉试题原文年专八英译汉试题原文Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller feder al government 12. 【 参考译文参考译文 】离选举日还有四个月，五个人聚集在里根—布什竞选总部的一个小型会议室里，看着一张硕大的日历， 1984 年总统竞选剩下的日子清晰地标了出来。
2001年专业英语八级考试真题
Part ⅤListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’ s operations refer to ___.A. the expansion of its loan programmeB. the inclusion of its hard loansC. the inclusion of its soft loansD. the previous lending policies2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy?A. Reluctance of people in poor countries to have small families.B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.A. be more involved in big infrastructure projectsB. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countriesC. embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel millsD. invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector of society4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank?A. Colossal travel expenses of its staff.B. Fixed annual loans to certain countries.C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects.D. Role as a financial deal maker.5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the World Bank.A. biasedB. unfriendlyC. objectiveD. sensationalSECTION B CONVERSATIONQuestions are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the conversation.6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.A. many Australians are taking time off to travelB. the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC. the woman raised enough money for travelD. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its ___.A. cleannessB. multi-ethnicityC. modern characteristicsD. shopping opportunities8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___A. respective locationsB. historic interestsC. ancient tombsD. Jewish descendants9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout Tibet?A. Amusement.B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delig ht10. According to the conversation, it was___that made the woman ready to stop traveling.A. the unsettledness of travelB. the difficulties of trekkingC. the loneliness of travelD. the unfamiliar environmentSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.A. violated the traffic lawB. illegally attacked a boxerC. attacked sb. after a traffic accidentD. failed to finish his contract12. The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.A. by the end of the yearB. in over a yearC. in AugustD. in a few weeksQuestion is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.A. they cover the whole story of the former US presidentB. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet UnionC. they are the only official documents released about KennedyD. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassinationQuestion are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listen to the news.14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.A. increased slowlyB. decreased graduallyC. stayed steadyD. become unpredictable15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors equals the fall in others.D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains unchanged. SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.The Press ConferenceThe press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the (1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press conference.Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a (2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the news to groups of reporters.However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press conference possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source.The provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conference proceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5)___ , as can be seen on livebroadcasts of news conferences.Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter;—(6)___ of the news source:1 ) news source’ s (7)___ toprovide information;2)news-gathering methods.Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the informationprovided by a news source— not knowing the required information;— knowing and willing to share the information, but without(8)___ skills;— knowing the information, but unwilling to share;— willing to share, but unable to recall.(9)___ of questions askedWays of improving the questions:no words with double meanings;no long questions;— specific time, place, etc.;— (10)___ questions;— clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.Part ⅠProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the positi on of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ an d put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.___favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.___buy, sell, and set prices.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre. ” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a family destination again.” To say that Blackpool neg lected the sea is to put it mildly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nations to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness within ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of contending that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Be cause of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’ t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in which Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the sea. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European Union, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and neglecte d. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a th orough overhaul anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided to make aestheti cimprovements at the same time, to try to draw pe ople back to it.” Blackpool rece ntly spent about .4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seating around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide i s out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comfortably the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that crowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a sandcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” W elsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summer. I counted just 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Except for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is like this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we were young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don ’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helicopters and goodness knows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see those days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I pointed out.“For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to the town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it is n’t so much a meal as an invitat ion to a heart attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was setting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water hiss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the streets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of dusk the town looked peaceful and happy — enchanting even — and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I realized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standards of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blac kpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each ca se investors——mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans——all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a co mbined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and reces sion. In practice, countries’ s plit the difference—— and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recove ry—— and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all ——a s proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia ——which refused IM F help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ——also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minist er, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news——eventhough neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform ——whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial product ion is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full reco very of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways——from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of popula tion change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called“ one of t he greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying toread goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the lat e st technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved a nd intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller s aid, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colonizers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. remoteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries touse them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work,and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of putting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot explain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what i s called their “structure of feeling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creative work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the public.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communicat ion system.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individuals feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the societySECTION BTEXT EFirst read the question.31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.A. review some newly-published interior-design booksB. explore the potential market for interior-design booksC. persuade people to buy some good booksD. stress the importance of reading good booksNow go through TEXT E quickly to answer question.Do your relationships keep failing? When you leave your home in the morning are you already feeling stressed? Is there no time in your life for fun any more? Cancel your appointment with the doctor. What you need is a good interior-design book. Publishers have created a new genre of books for the home, titles that go beyond paint charts and superficial style and instead show you how your home can be transformed and even heal your life.Dawna Walter is one of the authors leading the way in Britain with her boo k Organized Living that attempts to show how even a tidy sock drawer can improve the quality of your life. Walter is the owner of the Holding Company, a shop on London’s Kings Road which sells hundreds of storage ideas for the home. It has been such a hit that Walter is planning to open four new outlets in the near future. Born in America, Dawna Walter is a fast talker, a self-confessed perfectionist, and a tidiness fundament alist. “If it takes 10 minutes for you to find a matching pair of socks in the morning, then you are not in control and your outl ook just isn’t any good. Being organized saves you a couple of hours every week and gives you more time to do the things you en joy, ” she explains.Her book contains dozens of ideas for streamlining your life. In the kitchen she recommends filing magazine recipes immediately, and organizing them by types-of dishes or particular cooks, and using ice-cube trays to freeze sauces in individual。
专八翻译英译汉 2001-2010
英译汉【2001年8级测试英译汉】Effort is the gist（主旨）of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging（让人终身为之倾倒的）difficulties（历经劫难）. Short of the impossible（正常情况下）, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms（某种相似措辞的东西）when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”（苦中作乐）. The mortal flaw（致命的缺陷）in the advertised version of happiness（广告版的幸福）is in the fact that it purports（声称，自称）to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard of the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty（故意强加的难度）. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.【2002年8级测试英译汉】Winners（成功者）do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance（演戏，表演）, maintaining pretence（矫饰，做作）, and manipulating others（巧妙地操纵别人）. They are aware that there is a difference between being（真的在做…）loving and acting（假装在做…）loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking（独立思考）and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions（将事实和观点区分开来）and don’t pretend to have all the answers（无所不知）. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined（规定，设定界限）, demolished（拆毁，彻底击败）, bound（束缚，约束）, or awed（敬畏）by them.Winners do not play“helpless”（故意示弱）, nor do they play the blaming game（怨天尤人）. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.【2003年8级测试英译汉】In his classic novel,“The Pioneers”《拓荒者》, James Fenimore Cooper（詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀）has his hero （主人公）, a land developer（土地开发商）, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis（熙熙攘攘的大都市）. But his cousin looks around bewildered（满脸疑惑的）. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements（美景和改造的地方）which you were to show me?”She asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them.“Where! Why everywhere,”he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete（真实的，具体的）to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating（揭示，阐明）a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness（前瞻意识）; the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future（站在未来的高度）; the freedom to feel unencumbered（不受羁绊的）by the past and more emotionally attached to（对…情感上依恋的）things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming（不断变化中）, never being（停滞不前的）.”【2004年8级测试英译汉】I am lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up（充实自己）. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip （外出讲演）, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience（满脑子纷乱的头绪）that needs to be sorted out（梳理，整理）.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where myself is hiding. It has to berecaptured（找回自我）slowly by watering the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf（浪花）blowing up in fountains（喷泉）, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconsciousness（潜意识）, bring back all I have recently experienced to be explored（探究）and slowly understood（领悟）.【2005年8级测试英译汉】Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds（三心二意地）, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions（先入之见，即偏见、成见）when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to（发号施令）your author: try to become him. Be his fellow-worker（同事）and accomplice（共同创作者）. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible（最完整地获得…）value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible（敞开心扉，虚怀若谷）, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness（几乎难以觉察的细微的…）, from the twist and turn of （迂回曲折的…）the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other（与众不同的…）.【2006年8级测试英译汉】I have nothing to offer but blood, toil（辛劳）, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal（严酷的考验）of the most grievous（痛苦的）kind. We have before us many, many months of（旷日持久的）struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war（作战）by land, sea and air. War with all our might（力量，威力）and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny（空前凶残的暴政）never surpassed in the dark and lamentable（可悲的）catalogue of human crime（罪恶史上）.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs（不惜一切代价）—victory in spite of all terrors（不惧一切代价）—victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized（认识到）. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for（象征）, no survival for the urge（强烈渴求）, the impulse（推动力）of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.【2007年8级测试英译汉】Scientific and technological advances（科技进步）are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos（宇宙的边陲）, the most basic constituents of matter（物质最基本的成分）, and the miracle of life. At the same time, today, the actions（所作所为）, and inaction（无能为力）, of human beings imperil（威胁，危害）not only life on the planet, but the very life（寿命）of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11 and avian flu（禽流感）remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge（知识爆炸性地增长）—but desperately（极度地）in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites（新闻采访的原声摘要）are getting shorter, when instant messages（即时信息）crowd out （排挤出，淘汰）essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied（疯狂的）, college graduates capable of deep reflection（反省，思考）are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed —and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable（不可替代的）mission of universities.【2008年8级测试英译汉】But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves（均摊）, they discovered that the cares of life（生活的负担）had been doubled.This led to some distressing（使人苦恼的）moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven（住在天上）they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations（规则和限制）. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities （承担责任）; they had established a new household（组建家庭）, and must fulfill in some way or another（以这样或那样的方式）the obligations（尽到责任和义务）of it.They looked back with affection（深情地）to（回顾）their engagement（订婚）; they had been longing to （一直渴望着）have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed that they never felt so keenly（深切的）that they were still units in modern society.【2009年8级测试英译汉】We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency（紧急事件—>全球性的危机）– a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous（不吉利的）and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst – though not all – of its consequences, if we act boldly（大胆行动）, decisively（果断地）and quickly（迅速地）.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill（温斯顿·丘吉尔）applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: "They go on（执迷）in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided（已做决断却踌躇不定）, resolved to be irresolute（已下决心却犹豫不决）, all powerful to be impotent （已掌实权却软弱无力）."So today, we dumped（排放）another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution（温室气体）into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer（天然排污口）. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.【2010年8级测试英译汉】I thought（回想起）that it was a Sunday morning in May；that it was Easter Sunday（复活节），and as yet very early in the morning．I was standing at the door of my own cottage．Right before me lay the very scene（一番景象）which could really be commanded（俯瞰）from that situation，but exalted（尊贵的）, as was usual，and solemnized （庄严的）by the power of dreams．There were the same mountains，and the same lovely valley at their feet；but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine（阿尔卑斯峰）height，and there was interspace（空隙，间隙）far larger between them of savannahs （热带草原）and forest lawns（林间草地）；the hedges（树篱）were rich with white roses；and no living creature was to be seen, excepting that in the green churchyard（苍翠的墓地里）there were cattle tranquilly（安静地）reposing upon（静卧休息）the verdant（郁郁葱葱）graves（坟墓），and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved（深爱过的），just as I had really seen them，a little before sunrise，in the same summer when that child died.。
专八翻译真题与答案精编版
2000年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。
与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。
它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。
世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。
第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。
这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。
在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。
这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。
参考译文The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms. The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization. Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers.The third generation of museums in the world are those replete with / full of wholly novel concepts / notions / ideas. In those museums, visitors are allowed to operate the exhibits with their own hands, to observe and to experience carefully. By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries.The China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums. It has incorporated some of the most fascinating features of those museums with international reputation. Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology, acoustics, and biology, those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements.2001年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E 乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。
英语专业八级考试翻译练习(1)参考答案
英语专业八级考试翻译练习（1）参考答案SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHBut the depth of a novel and its excellence in artistic quality and ideological content can never be judged by the significance or “insignificance” of the theme. Austen’s works have been compared to olives, which become the more delicious the more you chew them. This is not only because of her witty language and her creative contributions to the development of the art of novel writing, but also because of her vivid and lively narration, which is by no means shallow or transparent. Mrs. Smith said that women writers often tried to rectify the prevalent values and the existing social order and to change people’s views as to what was important and what was unimportant.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE对我的儿子们来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜而成熟的蔬菜,采钓的鱼,以及邻里果园和花园里可供分享的丰硕果实,乡下有位不计报酬的保姆,我儿媳看管他的孩子作为回报,.此外(且不说这些)你如何来衡量那种安静那种自我感呢?我无意将小城镇的生活理想化,因为有时外部的世界无情地侵入,比如汽油价格上涨或开发商着眼于未被染指的农田时,令人无法忍受的大城市的所有种种罪恶和卑劣行径在这小地方也同样存在.不仅如此当人们无法将它们解释为异族的怪异而不得不承认这一切都是我们自己的一部分时, 就更加难以忽视它们了.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（2）参考答案SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHIn Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE这应该不是件难事。
专八历年英译汉真题
2009-01-06 | 专业八级历年英译汉真题解析（1996-2000）1996年专八英译汉试题原文Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.【概述】本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。
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2001年英语专业八级考试翻译试题及参考译文/tem-8-2001translation.htmSECTION A原文乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。
但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。
我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。
” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。
乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。
”参考译文：The general public might be well-acquainted with Qiao Yu’s songs, but they might actually know very little about his tow major hobbies ---- fishing and drinking.In his later years (Late in his life/ At his old age/ when he is old), Qiao Yu has become fond/ enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting/ environment, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum/best/ optimal fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal.” According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one’s temperament and to one’s health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with/faced with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.”Or:We all know Qiao Y u’s songs, but we know very little about his two major hobbies ----fishing and drinking.Late in life, Qian had a special fondness for angling. “Mostly, where there is water and fish, there is good environment. And good environment, in return, brings us good mood. I think the best place for fishing is not the commercial center where all the comforts are provided, and where fishes are kept hungry for your capture, but an appealing pond naturally-formed in the wilderness.” He would say. Fishing is an edifying activity, conductive to both the body and the mind. He claimed, “Fishing is of three levels. Level one consists of mere fish-eating; level tow combines fish-eating with pleasure-seeking; level three consists in the pleasure of fishing. Sitting by a pond of blue water, you put aside all the worries and vexations, and enjoy a complete relaxation ---- body and mind.”In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Y u has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “ Mostly speaking, a place with water and fishmust necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal.” According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one’s temperament and to one’s health, at on ce physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.”SECTION B原文：Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.参考译文：梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。