莫高窟Mogao Caves 英语介绍.pptx

A Tang Chinese silk landscape painting depicting a young Sakyamuni cutting his hair.
Dunhuang was established as a frontier(边界) garrison(要塞) outpost by the Han Dynasty Emperor Wudi to protect against the Xiongnu(匈奴) in 111 BCE. It also became an important gateway to the West, a centre of commerce along the Silk Road, as well as a meeting place of various people and religions such as Buddhism.
Depiction of the avadana story of Five Hundred Robbers. Cave 285, Western Wei.
Wife of Dunhuang ruler Cao Yanlu and daughter of the King of Khotan, wearing an elaborate jade headdress. Cave 61, Five Dynasties.
The construction of the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang is generallyHale Waihona Puke Baidutaken to have begun sometime in the fourth century. According to a book written during the reign of Tang Empress Wu(武则天), Fokan Ji (佛龕記) by Li Junxiu (李 君修), a Buddhist monk named Lè Zūn (樂尊) had a vision of a thousand Buddhas bathed in golden light at the site in 366 CE, inspiring him to build a cave here. Members of the ruling family of Northern Wei and Northern Zhou constructed many caves here, and it flourished in the short-lived Sui Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, the number of caves had reached over a thousand.
Mogao Caves 莫高窟
13级英语1班 叶芷珊
The Mogao Caves which is also called Mogao Grottoes, also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas (千佛洞), form a system of 492 temples 25 km southeast of the center of Dunhuang, an oasis(绿洲) strategically located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gansu province, China.
The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history, from the 5th to the 14th century. They are largely of Buddhist theme, however, some are of traditional mythical themes and portraits of patrons(捐赠者). Early murals showed a strong Indian and Central Asian influence in the painting techniques used, the composition and style of the paintings as well as costumes worn by the figures.
The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, details of mural from cave 323, 618712 AD
An illustration of Sakyamuni's temptation by Mara
The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, complete view, c. 700 CE
The caves may also be known as the Dunhuang Caves, however, this term is also used as a collective term to include other Buddhist cave sites in the Dunhuang area, such as the Western Thousand Buddha Caves(西千佛洞), and the Yulin Caves(榆林窟) farther away. The caves contain some of the finest examples of Buddhist art (佛教艺术) spanning a period of 1,000 years.
10th century mural from Cave 61, showing Tang Buddhist monasteries of Mount Wutai, Shanxi province
Flying apsaras(飞天), or celestial(天 上的) beings. Caves 285, 538-539 AD, Western Wei Dynasty
The caves initially served only as a place of meditation(冥想) for hermit monks, but developed to serve the monasteries(修道院) that sprang up nearby in the early periods, and by the Sui and Tang dynasties, Mogao Caves had become a place of worship and pilgrimage(朝拜) for the public.