全球性疾病【英文】 Global Diseases

Slide 5: Emerging Infectious Diseases



Zoonotics (diseases caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted between animals and humans) Characteristics include mutation during transmission, leading to highly contagious (“superspreader”) or deadly forms Examples - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Avian Flu, Ebola, Lyme Disease

Slide 4: Magnitude of the Problem




HIV has infected more than 60 million people worldwide, more than 20 million of whom have died TB causes 8.8 million new infections each year and is responsible for an annual mortality of 1.7 million HIV-TB co-infection: about a third of HIV positive people also suffer from TB Malaria endemic areas cover a third of the world’s population and the estimated annual mortality is 1.2 million

Slide 7: What Makes Communicable Diseases a Global Issue?
First, the sheer global magnitude of the problem - a substantial threat to people everywhere - an obstacle to a nation’s social and economic development - worst affected include the poorest households further impoverish the already poor – loss of productivity, treatment costs The poor have a greater share of the burden of disease and have less access to affordable and quality care
Slide 8: What Makes Communicable Diseases a Global Issue?
Second, diseases do not recognize international boundaries or sovereign states

Diseases can emerge anywhere on the globe and spread quickly to other regions Examples: West Nile virus, SARS, Avian Flu
Slide 6: Factors driving the spread of communicable diseases
Changes in human demographics and behavior Economic development Dramatic increase in volume of international travel and commerce – people, animals, food, commodities Microbial adaptation and change Breakdown of public health capacity at all levels (Source: Institute of Medicine)

ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Slide 2: Profile of Communicable Diseases
Steady Progress during the 20th Century in controlling communicable diseases

Immunization Eradication of smallpox, containment of polio Widespread use of drugs including antibiotics Impressive advances in medicine
World Bank Seminar Series: Global Issues Facing Humanity
Diseases without borders PART I
Slide 1: Presentation Summary
Profile of Major Communicable Diseases Factors Driving the Spread of Communicable Diseases What makes Communicable Diseases a Global Issue?
Slide 3: Yet infectious diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide
Annually, more than 10 million deaths worldwide are caused by communicable diseases More than half of all deaths due to communicable diseases are attributed to HIV/AIDS,TB and malaria