研究生基础综合英语unit7期末考试复习资料

Unit 7 练习Title The Cult of Celebrity ProfessorsStructure twocelebritiesStephenAmbroseHe was an arguably America’s favorite historian. Five of his booksconsist of 1. from other historians.DorisKearnsGoodwinHer solution to the plagiarism charges against her has arguablybeen 2. the charges themselves. One of her chiefvictims 3. so that it was quietly mollified.4.hurled atcelebrityprofessorsTake compulsive lying. Joseph Ellis told the students that he had fought inVietnam when the closest he came to combat was sitting in a university library.5. Professor Paul Krugman had received ＄37,500 fromEnron when he savaged the Bush administration for its links to the energy firm.Take general flatulence. Larry Summers and Cornel West had 6. ,which alerted the world to the latter’s recent work.two bigarguments7.those whatso-calledcelebritiesdo1. They help to 8. ideas. They give educated laypeople a chance to gettheir information from real authorities rather than mere journalists.2. They help to retain 9. in academia.Conclusi on The honest celebrity professors promote the development of the society by spreading academic research output. The dishonest minority pay for their sins at the cost of 10. .Reference answers:1. extensive ―borrowings‖2. worse than3. was paid money4. other/three charges5. take hypocrisy6. a squabble7. in favor of 8. circulate 9. talented people10. their cherished reputationsThe Cult of Celebrity Professors—Celebrity professors are a good thing. Really!Few species have as many natural enemies as the celebrity professor. Other academics envy their money and fame; journalists dislike their cleverer-than-thou airs; and everybody hates their determination to have it all—the security of academic tenure and the glitz of media stardom. So these are happy days for the rest of us. Plagiarism, lying, waffle-mongering: hardly a week goes by without some academic celebrity or other biting the dust, his reputation in __⑴__.Stephen Ambrose was arguably America’s favorite historian, a man who wrote bestsellers faster than most people read them. An __⑵__of Hollywood blockbusters, he can also claim credit __⑶__ two of the best presidential biographies around, on Eisenhower and Nixon. But it now turns out that five of his books contain extensive ―borrowings‖ from other historians. (―I’m not writing a PhD‖, he has offered as an explanation—an unsurprising claim, as he would not get one for somebo dy else’s work.)Mr. Ambrose must be grateful that attention has shifted to __⑷__ cutter and paster, Doris Kearns Goodwin. She was a fixture on American television, always ready with a telling anecdote on, say, Lyndon Johnson (whom she knew) or Abraham Lincoln (the subject of her next blockbuster).Her handling of the plagiarism charges against her has arguably been worse than the charges themselves. In the last 1980s she quietly mollified one of her chief victims, paying her some money. Now she explains her behavior by the fact __⑸__ she relied on handwritten notes—something other historians have managed to do without such dire consequences. Amazingly, Ms. Goodwin remains on Harvard’s board of overseers, despite the fact that she committed sins that might get an undergraduate expelled.The hunt is now on for the next serial plagiarist. __⑹__, other charges are also being hurled at celebrity professors.Take compulsive lying. Joseph Ellis, the author of a first-rate study of the Founding Fathers, told the students that he had fought in Vietnam when the closest he came to combat was sitting in a university library. Or take hypocrisy. Paul Krugman, a professor of __⑺__ at Princeton University, used his column in the New York Times to Savage the Bush administration for its links to Enron, when the fearless professor had himself received ＄37,500 from the energy firm. Or take general flatulence. A squabble between Larry Summers, Harvard’s combative new president, and Cornel West, a professor of black students , alerted the world to the latter’s recent work, which turns __⑻__ to be a mixture of post-structuralist mumbo-jumbo, religious rhetoric and rap music. More should be expected from one of only 17 people to hold the exalted title of university professor at Harvard.Is this a case of a few bad apples? In public intellectual (Harvard University Press) Richard Posner, a federal judge, argues that it is the whole barrel. Although the book looks at all sorts of thinkers(not just whorish academics),Mr. Posner suggests that celebrity professors __⑼__ their influence to a fraud. They build their reputations tilling some minuscule academic field, and then pontificate on Charlie Rose about everything under the sun.All true. Yet the judge, himself a leading intellectual for hire, is a little too harsh. Each celebrity professor may be a nauseous beast. Yet there are two big arguments in __⑽__ of what they do. Most obviously, they help to circulate ideas. They give educated laypeople a chance to get their information from real authorities rather than mere journalists. They give universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the soc ieties that nurture them. The fact that America’s bestseller lists feature works written by academic authorities __⑾__ the ghost-written memoirs and celebrity suck-up jobs should be cause for rejoicing.The second point is that they help to keep talented people in academia. Some noble souls will always be willing to put up with low salaries in exchange for a chance to pursue the truth :it is hard to imagine John Rawls hustling for a bit of extra cash. But others are inevitably attracted to money and bright lights. A __⑿__ of moonlighting is a relatively easy way for universities to keep some of their smarter faculty happy.What about the costs of this moonlighting? Don’t academic superstars short-change their universities? Well, a bit. Yet the ostentatiously ludicrous Mr. West has undoubtedly helped to attract bright students to Harvard in the same way that those rather __⒀__ serious once did. Surveys suggest that academics who engage in outside activities are actually more likely to do their share of te aching than those who don’t. Besides, the link between popular success and lower academic standards is not sharp. Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin both started ―borrowing‖ other people’s work before they hit the big time.Fundamentally, the besetting sin of American academia is not celebrity professors but hyper-specialization. Academics have a bit of crawling along the frontier of knowledge with a magnifying glass, blind to the wide vistas opening up before them, and often reducing the most engaging __⒁__ to tedious debates about methodology. By looking at the big picture, populists restore the excitement of intellectual life. Who has done more for literary studies in the United States: Harold Bloom or the thousands of post-structuralists and their insufferable conferences? Who has more to advance the understanding of American business: Peter Drucker, who has never been employed by an Ivy League university, or the entire list of contributors to the Journal of Supply Chain Management?And the market does work. The same media machine that turned Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin into superstars is now trashing their reputations. The honest majority of celebrity professors improve the world by __⒂__ the fruits of academic research. The dishonest minority pay for their sins with the loss of their cherished reputations.1. A. ruin B. destroy C. tatters D. damage2. A. inspirer B. aspirer C. inspiration D. aspiration3. A. to B. of C. about D. for4. A. another B. other C. the other D. others5. A. which B. that C. what D. how6. A. Therefore B. However C. Meanwhile D. Nerveless7. A. economy B. economics C. economical D. economically8. A. out B. over C. in D. up9. A. owed B. owing C. owe D. own10. A. addition B. favor C. help D. account11. A. in B. between C. from D. amongst12. A. bit B. lot C. few D. little13. A. many B. much C. more D. most14. A. objects B. subjects C. objective D. subjective15. A. radiating B. transmitting C. spreading D. diffusing答案：1~5 CBDAB 6~10 CBACB 11~15 DACBCUnit7 Text AClozeSometimes, celebrity professors are not a good thing. They are __1___by many people, such as academics, journalists. For example, Stephen Ambrose, who was one of the America’s favorite __2___.B ut now it turns out that five of his books contain extensive __3_____from other historians. Mr. Ambrose who __4___one of her chief victims in the last 1980s, paying her some money.However, the hunt is now on for the next serial plagiarist. These celebrity professors have three____5_. First, take compusive__6__. Second, take __7__. Third, take general__8___. Is this a case of a few bad apples ? A feeder judge argues that it is the whole _9___. However, each celebrity professor may be a nauseous bast, yet there are two big ____10in favor of what they do . First ,they help to ___11_.Second ,they help to keep___12_people in academia.Fundamentally, the besetting sin of American academia is not celebrity professors but ___13_.And the market does work .The honest majority of celebrity professors improve the world by _14__ the fruits of academic research .The __15__ minority pay for their sins with the loss of their cherished reputations.答案：1.disliked2.historian3.borrowing4.mollifide5.chargs6.lying7.hypocrisy8.flatulence9.barrel 10.arguments 11.circulate 12.talented13.hyper—specialization 14.spreading 15.dishonestWhat’s wrong with copying?----Charges of plagiarism are flying in the world of books. Where does borrowing end and theft begin? Though disputed, there is a difference.Every one knows the feeling. In a timely flash, the perfect quip forms in the mind and rolls onto the tongue. You deliver it to the table, and wait for the gasps or guffaws. In the silence that follows a dry violence says instead,‖ Yes I read it too.‖Authors have to wait longer to find out that their words are not theirs alon e. But‖ unconscious borrowing‖, as critics call such silent plunder, is common among writers, even the best of them. Perhaps because night-foraging by the imagination is so vital to literature, goodwriters react warily when, as now, chargers of plagiarism fly. Though naturally eager to protect their own published words, and not above a malicious smile or two when others get caught, most authors recognize that this is boggy ground. Between imitation and theft, between borrowing and plagiarism, lies a wide, murky borderland.Since proving plagiarism is hard, legal redress is normally an expensive dream. The most that aggrieved authors can catch on is to shame the wrongdoer. But sham means attention, and attention brings sales. Recently, Ben Okri, a Nigerian-born novelist, claimed that Calixthe Beyala, a French one, lifted whole chunks of his 1991 Booker-winning novel, for her bestsellers. Plagiarism means copyingdelicately the exact words. His were English, hers French. Showing that a plundered book is not the only source is also a defense. On the advice of lawyers, he has dropped his case against her, and in effect the affair has died.The personal vendetta carries different risks, as Neal Bowers, a wronged poet and teacher at Iowa State University, recounts in wordsfor the taking: The Hunt for the plagiarist. One day, Mr. Bowers got a fax from California of a page from a poetry magazine containing, under the name of David Jones, a slightly altered version of a poem he had written for his dead father. Worse, he learned, had plagiarized other poets. Some editors sympathized; others did not bother even to respond. Mr. Bowers became, on his own admission, obsessed. He lostfriends. But in the end he found the plagiarist, through a lawyer, only to be offered $100 in compensation, and a whining apology.Copyright and self-defense are not the only protection for authors. Humble readers are among their best police. The border between theft and borrowing is also vigilantly patrolled by scholars. John Frow, a university professor in Australia, has charged Graham Swift withpillaging William Faulkner. According to Mr. Frow , Last Orders, which won Mr. Swift last year’s Booker prize , takes liberally from the theme and the fictional devices of As I Lay Dying .Its topic—how people dispose of the dead—is the same . Faulkner’s book has a one-sentence chapter, a chapter with itemized points and different speaking voices in different chapters. So dose Last Orders. That is not plagiarism, Mr. Frow argues, but ―imitation‖. Mr. Swift’s fault, he suggests, is not to have made an explicit nod to the grand old man from Oxford, Mississippi.But there speaks a professor. Novelists are not bound by rules of doctoral quotation. The charge by Richard pipes that Orlando Figespinched finding of his without due mention has provoked a quarrel between these two well—known historians of Russia. But theirs is not a row-over literary plagiarism .The allusion of novelists and poets are different from academic citations. When T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound freighted their verse with learned listings from across the planet, they called it ―collage‖. Eliot did at times give sources but was laughed atfor pretentiousness. In his Cantos, Pound seldom bothered to mention whose fusty trunk he was happily ransacking.Where, then, dose honest allusion, which authors want readers to catch, stop and sly thievery begin? Samuel Fuller, an American film director, put it well when he said of admiring French new-wave film makers, ―They steal from us and call it homage.‖ Questions of imitation, unflagged quotation and borrowing, unconscious or not, lead straight to the middle of the middle of the boy. Between mortal pedantry and wet indulgence, is there safe ground?Intention has a lot to with it. Poets, especially, are prone to unwitting copying since verse has mnemonic properties that prose does not possess. Thom Gunn, reading poems of his in London two years ago: ―my greatest fear is that I will discover or, worse, that s omeone else will point out to me---that I have s tolen another man’s words, thinking them my own.Plagiarists, like forgers, have guilty intent, but of interestingly different kinds. An infamous early 20-century faker such as Hans vanMeegeren wanted his paintings taken for Vermeer’s. A plagiarist, by contrast, tries to pass off another writer’s words as his own. Forgers sin against authenticity, plagiarists against originality.There are copying traditions in which originality and its cousin, diversity, are not only not celebrated but positively frowned on. Sacred literature, with its frozen, canonical texts, is an obvious example. But originality and variety have always been prized in western writing, burden that they are on authors. Copyright laws date from the spread of the printed book in the 16th century. But interest in authorship is ancient. All writers hate Homer, because Homer said everything first. Martial, a Latin poet and lewd gag-writer, likened his words to slaves, and an author who had stolen them to a plagiarist, or abductor. Varro, a schol ar and friend of Cicero’s, stripped the number of plays by Plautus from 130 to less than two dozen.Most readers want a personal voice, hopefully one that belongs to someone who has read, thought and imagined a lot. People are maybe more knowing nowadays a bout how certain ―personal voices‖ come into being. Authors have editors; they have co-authors and ghost-writers, not to mention models and literary godparents to borrow from. But the idea—or idea –of poems and novels as unique, personal creations is still essential.It is not hard to imagine two extreme sorts of writing where literary communication has broken down. One is so private, so personal and so original as to be hermetic and unintelligible. The other is so repetitive, mechanical and clichéd as to be empty. Between them is a pool of shared references and allusions fed by writers, but also by readers. Plagiarists drain the pool; borrowers put back what they take—though not necessarily in the same place.1. His success doesn’t ____ his cleverness. Hard working ____ progress.A. lie on … lead toB. lead to … leads toC. lead to … lie inD. lie in … leads to2. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. chargeC. blameD. accusation3. The issue is how to _______ of radioactive waste.A. dealB. disposeC. disposalD. do4. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to ________ the isolation of life in Alaska.A. break throughB. break downC. break intoD. break out5. I must ask the readers' kind______ for any inaccuracies and omissions that may possibly occur.A. enduranceB. insuranceC. inducement D indulgent6. The fisherman, _____ poor, could not buy another boat.A. isB. wasC. beingD. been7. Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?A. by whichB. thatC. in whereD. where8. Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had _____ two days before.A. broken offB. passed offC. given awayD. passed away9. ______ the look on his face, he doesn't quite understand what the speaker is saying.A. To judge byB. Judge byC. Judging byD. Judged by10. On no account ______ be removed from the library.A. reference books mayB. may reference booksC. reference books can'tD. reference books参考答案：1-5 D C B A D 6-10 C B D D BFast reading1、What dose this passage mainly talk about？A、The negative effect of plagiarism.B、The phenomenon of copying.C、The relationship between borrowing and plagiarism.D、The ur gency to protect writers’ privacy.2、What dose ―plagiarism‖ mean in the first line？A、borrowingB、referenceC、imitationD、theft3、Which can protect authors besides copyright and self-defense?A. humble readersB. publishing companyC. other authorsD. newspaper office4、Who was laughed at for giving due mention of quotation?A. Richard pipesB. Orlando FigesC. T.S. EliotD. Ezra Pound5、Who are especially prone to unwitting copying?A. prosersB. NovelistsC. historiansD. poets6、What’s the difference between plagiarists’ motive and forgers’ motive?A. Plagiarists violate authenticity, forgers destroy originality.B. Plagiarists want others to regard their works as th ose done by masters; forgers try to take others’ works as their own.C. Forgers violate authenticity, plagiarists destroy originality.D. They all want to take others’ works as their own.7、What made the literary communication gradually decline ?A. Writers try their best to repeat mechanically all the way.B. Writers always use allusions.C. Writers pursue personality and originality.D. Some writers advocate creativity, some always made clichés.8、_______ most authors are naturally eager to protect their own published words recognize that _______ is boggy ground.9、Mr. Frow argues that Mr. Swift’s fault in his imitation is that_______.10、In western writing , people always lay emphasis on ______.1、C2、D3、A4、C5、D6、C7、D8、Though；plagiarism9、he didn’t make an explicit nod to the grand old man10、originality and varietyVocabulary and grammar1、Which of the following best explains the word ―warily‖ in paragraph 2？A、carelessB、cautiousC、interestedD、excited2、According to paragraph 3,which of the following sentence is right？A、A plundered book is not only the source, but also a defense.B、Showing a plundered book is not only the source, but also a defense.C、Showing that a plundered book is not the only source is a defense.D、The showings in a plundered book is not the only source for defense.3、What dose ―vendetta‖ mean in paragraph 4？A、fightB、descriptionC、understandingD、demonstration4、Which can replace the word ―vigilantly‖ in paragraph 5?A、carefullyB、carelesslyC、optionallyD、casualty5、What does ―collage‖, the way T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound writing their poems, mean?A. read verses loudlyB. piece togetherC. write short versesD. illustrate the verses6、Which of the following is false according to the text?A. John Frow, a university professor in Australia, has charged Graham Swift with pillaging William Faulkner.B. The charge by Richard pipes that Orlando Figes pinched finding of his without due mention has provoked a quarrel between these two well—known historians of Russia.C. Samuel Fuller, an American film director, put it well when he said of admiring French new-wave film makers, ―They steal from us and call it homage.‖D. Thom Gunn said that his greatest fear is that I will discover or, worse, that someone else will point out to me---that another man has stolen my words, thinking them their own.7、Which does the word ― strip ‖ in paragraph 10?A. takeB. decreaseC. increaseD. drip8、what does the word ―unintelligible ‖ refer to ?A. esotericB. easy to understandC. hermeticD. unintelligent.9、Which word can replace the word ‖infamous‖ ?A. well-knownB. notoriousC. renownedD. ordinary10、There are copying traditions _______originality and its cousin, diversity, are not only not celebrated but positively frowned on.A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. as1-5 BCAAB 6-10 DBABCFast-reading:1. What’s the effect of the sec ond paragraph?A. To tell a story.B. To explain a fact in people’s daily life.C. To make a comparison between telling jokes and the copying so as to introduce the theme of the text.D. To attract the readers’ attention and interest.2. Why does the autho r say that protecting the writer’s own published words is the boggy ground in para.3?A. There lies a wild, murky borderland between imitation and theft, borrowing and plagiarism.B. Authors have to wait longer to find out that their words are not theirs alone.C. Authors don’t want to punish the copier or the ―theft‖.D. The authors have no idea about the law of intellectual property protection and copyright.3.Why does the author say that ―legal redress is normally an expensive dream‖?A. The court or the judge doesn’t want to be in charge of the disputes.B. Proving plagiarism is very difficult.C. The copier or the theft threatens the author with force or violence.D. The authors aren’t willing to pay administrative punishment to the copier according to the law.4. For the author, what are their protections?A. CopyrightB. Self-defenseC. Humble readersD. All of the above5. Which of the sentence about the difference between forgers sin and plagiarists is true?A. Forgers sin against originality.B. Forgers sin against authenticity.C. Plagiarists against tradition.D. Plagiarists against authenticity.6. According to the text, which one of the following is especially prone to unwitting copying?A. NovelistB. EssayistC. PoetD. Dramatist7. ______Contributes a lot to honest allusion into sly thievery?A.MethodB. IntentionC. ContentD. Reason8. ______have always been prized in western writing?Authenticity B.Imagination C. Diversity D. Originality and variety9. What is the essential to the unique idea of poems and novels?A. Models and literary godparentsB. EditorsC. Co-authors and ghost-writersD. Personal creations10. There is /are ______extreme sorts of writing where literary communication have broken down.A. TwoB. threeC. OneD. four参考答案：1-5 C A B D B 6-10 C B D D A。