光伏发电智能追日系统的设计

摘要

人类正面临着石油和煤炭等矿物燃料枯竭的严重威胁，太阳能作为一种新型能源具有储量无限，普遍存在，利用清洁，使用经济等优点。但是太阳能又存在着低密度，间歇性，空间分布不断变化的缺点，这就使目前的一些列太阳能设备对太阳能的利用率不高。光伏发电智能追日系统解决了太阳能利用率不高的问题。本文对追日系统进行了机械设计和自动跟踪系统控制部分的设计。

第一，机械部分设计：

机械结构主要包括底座，主轴，齿轮等，当太阳光线发生偏离时，控制部分发出控制信号驱动步进电机1通过减速器带动Z向主轴转动，实现水平方向跟踪，同时控制信号驱动步进电机2带动齿轮1，齿轮1带动齿轮2和Y向主轴转动，从而使太阳能电池板实现垂直方向转动，通过步进电机1，步进电机2的共同工作实现对太阳的跟踪。

第二，控制部分设计：

主要包括信号转换电路，单片机系统和电机驱动电路等。系统采用电压检测模式实现对太阳的跟踪。将太阳能电池板用两块遮光板隔开，当太阳能电池板接受的光强度不同时，输出电压不同，通过比较电路将信号送给单片机，驱动步进电机正反转，实现电池板对太阳的跟踪。

关键词:太阳能,跟踪,单片机,步进电机

Abstract

The humanity is facing fossil fuel depletion and so on petroleum and coal threaten seriouslies, the solar energy takes one kind of new energy to have the reserves infinite, the universal existence, the use is clean, merits and so on use economy, but the solar energy has the low density, the intermittence, the spatial distribution changes unceasingly the shortcoming, this causes the present some row solar energy equipment not to be high to the solar energy use factor. The light bent down the electricity generation intelligence to pursue the date system to solve the solar energy use factor not high problem. This article to pursued the date system to carry on the machine design and the automatic tracking loop control section design.

First, the mechanical part of the design :

Mechanical structure including a base , spindle, gear , etc., when the sun's rays to deviate from the control part to issue control signals to drive stepper motor driven by reducer Z to spindle rotation, the horizontal direction tracking , while controlling the signal to drive stepper motor a driven gear , the gear a drive gear 2 and Y rotation to the spindle , so that the solar panels perpendicular to the direction of rotation by a stepper motor , stepper motor work together to achieve the tracking of the sun .

Second , the control part of the design :

Including the signal conversion circuit , microcontroller and motor driver circuit . The system uses a voltage detection mode to achieve the tracking of the sun . Solar panels will be separated by a two shade when the light intensity is not accepted by the solar panels at the same time , the output voltage signal is sent to the microcontroller through the comparison circuit drive a stepper motor , solar panels to the sun tracking.

Keywords: solar energy, tracking , microcontroller, stepper motor

目录

1. 绪论 (1)

1.1课题来源 (1)

1.2 课题目的 (1)

1.3课题意义 (1)

1.4 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 (3)

1.5 研究内容 (4)

1.6 研究方案 (5)

2. 系统机械部分设计 (6)

2.1机械部分工作原理 (6)

2.2 转矩计算 (6)

2.3 电机选型 (7)

2.4 减速器设计 (12)

2.5 轴的结构设计 (17)

2.6 齿轮设计 (18)

3. 机械零件的校核及选用 (26)

3.1 联轴器的选用 (26)

3.2 轴承的分类及选用 (26)

3.3 键的分类及选用 (27)

4. 系统控制部分设计 (29)

4.1 单片机的选型 (29)

4.2 单片机外部接线设计 (30)

4.3 单片机控制方案 (31)

5.结论 (34)

5.1 结论 (34)

5.2 展望 (34)