电子科学与技术专业英语复习过程

电子科学与技术专业

英语

1.1 Energy bands and carrier concentration

1.1.1 semiconductor materials

New words:

Semiconductor n. 半导体; conduct i vity n. 导电性 ;

Resistivity n. 电阻率 ; impurity n. 杂质;

Bipolar transistor 双极型晶体管 ; rectifier n. 整流器;

Photodiode光电二极管; device n. 装置；策略；图案; leakage currents泄漏电流magnetic adj. 有吸引力的；有磁性的；

Quartz n. 石英; aluminum n. 铝;

illumination n. 照明；[光]照度; silicon n. 硅；硅元素; gallium n. [化学] 镓 gallium nitride氮化镓；磷化镓germanium n.锗（32号元素，符号Ge）;

gallium arsenide砷化镓 ; arsenide n. [无化] 砷化物;

carbon n. 碳；复写纸adj. 碳的；boron n. [化]硼;

nitrogen n. [化]氮; phosphorus n. 磷;

sulfur vt. 用硫磺处理n. 硫磺；硫磺色; silicon dioxide [无化] 二氧化硅

Comprehension

The conductivities of a semiconductor is generally sensitive to temperature, illumination, magnetic field, and minute amount of impurity atoms.

半导体的导电性一般对温度敏感、照明、磁场与少量的杂质原子存在引起的。

Germanium proved unsuitable in many application because germanium devices exhibited high leakage currents at only moderately elevated temperatures.

锗被证明不适合许多应用,因为锗器件在只有轻度升高的温度时展出很高的泄漏电流。

1.1.2 Crystal Structure

New words:

Diagonal n. 对角线；斜线adj. 斜的;

Lattice n.格子；格架；晶格vt. 使成格子状;

unit cell [晶体] 晶胞，[晶体] 单胞；[晶体] 单位晶格;

reciprocal n. [数] 倒数； adj.相互的；倒数的，彼此相反的

cubic-crystal立方晶体; lattice constant晶格常数；点阵常数;

body-centered cubic体心立方; Face-centered cubic;

diamond lattice金刚石点阵钻石格子金刚石晶格; tetrahedron n. [晶体] 四面体;zinc blende lattice闪锌矿晶格; tungsten n. [化学] 钨; Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标Equidistant adj. 等距的；距离相等的;

Sodium n. [化学] 钠（11号元素，符号 Na）; Miller indices密勒指数;

Comprehension

This structure also belongs to the cubic-crystal family and can be s een as two interpenetrating fcc sublattices with one sublattice displaced from the other by one quarter of the distance along a diagonal of the cu be.

该结构也属于立方晶体家庭和可以被看作是两个面心立方晶格，其中一个子晶格沿另一个的对角线平移四分之一距离而构成的立方。

All atoms are identical in a diamond lattice, and each atom in the di amond lattice is surrounded by four equidistant nearest neighbors that li e at the corners of a tetrahedron.

所有的原子都是相同的金刚石晶格,每一个原子在晶格中都有四个等距的最近邻居,处在四面体的四个角上。

Extracurricular Reading

A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity due to elec tron flow (as opposed to ionic conductivity) intermediate in magnitude b etween that of a conductor and an insulator. This means conductivity ro ughly in the range of 103 to 10−8 Siemens per centimeter. Semiconducto r materials are the foundation of modern electronics, including radio, co mputers, telephones, and many other devices. Such devices include tra nsistors, solar cells, many kinds of diodes including the light-emitting di ode, the silicon controlled rectifier, and digital and analog integrated cir cuits. Similarly, semiconductor solar photovoltaic panels directly conver t light energy into electrical energy.

半导体是一种物质,它由于电子流动而产生的电导率(相对于离子电导率)在导体和绝缘体之间的中间级。这意味着电导率大致范围为103到 108西门子每厘米。半导体材料是现代的电子产品,其中包括收音机,计算机,电话,和许多其他的设备的基础。这样的设备包括晶体管、太阳能电池、多种二极管包括发光二极管, 硅可控整流器、数字和模拟集成电路。同样,半导体太阳能光伏板直接转换光能为电能。