英美概况复习资料
英美概况复习资料知识点
9. The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ________.
10. Christianity was first brought to England by ________.
Britain? 4. What’s the climate like in Britain? Why do British
people talk about weather very often? 5. What are the symbols of England? 6. Can you list some landmarks of London? 7. What are the symbols of Scotland?
• 4. Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That’s why British people talk about weather a lot
• 5. The royal policeman, Royal Coat of Arms(皇家徽章), Black Taxi, Foot Guard, Life Guard, Double Decker Bus ,Union Flag , Big Ben
• 6. Tower of London, London Eye, the Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge
英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分)
英美概况考试重点复习材料〔英国部分〕Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称与其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛〔较大的一个〕和爱尔兰岛，与成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英美概况复习提纲
复习提纲一、复习范围：《英美概况》（修订本，温洪瑞主编）除了Lesson 3、10、13、20之外全部课文二、题型：1．选择填空（20题，20分）--- 涉及到各课内容2．匹配题（15题，15分）--- 人物、地名等(e.g. P26)3．词语翻译（20题，20分）--- 从各课的词汇表中抽4．完形填空Cloze（一篇20题，20分）---5．阅读理解（一篇5题，10分）---6．名词解释（10题，15分）---三、复习内容：1. Geography 2. Historic events 3. Figures 4. PoliticsI. Geography地理知识1. location and sizeUk：situated In Western Europe，separated from the European continent by the English Channel and the North SeaUS: situated in the southern part of North America, the fourth largest in area2.Regions/states区域/州：1) UK: four regions：2) US：New England (in northeast of US); 50 states (the two youngest states and two largeststates)，Alaska (largest in area)3. Rivers：the Severn River (longest in UK), the Thames;the Mississippi River(longest river, father of waters), international rivers:the Rio Grande River, St. Lawrence, Columbia; Hudson (flows through New York City), Colorado, Missouri4. Lakes: the Lough Neagh（largest in UK,in Northern Ireland）, the Lake District (poets, scenery, varied);the Great Lakes5. Mountains：the highest peak (Ben Nevis in Scotland)the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocket Mountains (the Continental Divide.), Mount Whitney(highest peak in US)6.population: 60 million (UK), 300 million (US), largest populous state (California) ,7. People and ethnic groups: Jutes, descendants of Anglo-Saxon(English); Indians (first Americans), black, Hispanics (speak Spanish), WASPs8. cities：Edinburgh (capital of Scotland), Washington DC (capitol, White House, Pentagon), motor city（Detroit）, Pacific coast cities (San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle); New York (UN headquarters) , largest China town (San Francisco)9．Climate: UK--- more rainy days, changeability, more fogsII. Major Events历史事件英国部分1. Wars:1) Norman Conquest (1066) 诺曼征服: Battle of Hastings赫斯丁战役2) War of Roses (1455~1485)The House of Lancaster （Red Rose）, The House of York (White Rose)：3) The Civil War (1642~ 1646) / bourgeois RevolutionCav alier: supported the King in the British Civil War; Roundheads: supported the Parliament2 The Black Death (1348—1349)3. The Peasant’s Uprising（1381）:4. The English Reformation(1530s) : King Henry VIII5. The Commonwealth (1649~1660) Oliver Cromwell6. The Restoration (1688)：Charles II7. the Glorious Revolution (1688)：William of Orange was invited to England and took the Englishthrone with no bloodshed.8. Colonial Expansion (1583—1900) : first colony (Newfoundland), Jamestown (the earliestBritish settlement on North America), 13 colonies (along the east coast of North America), 9. the British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦美国部分1. wars：1) The War of Independence (1775—1783)Boston Tea Party (1773)Battle of Lexington (April 19,1775 ): the first shots of American Revolution were fireThe Saratoga Campaign （1776）the turning pointThe Battle of Yorktown （1777）the British army surrenderedThe First Continental Congress (1774) in Philadelphia , organized militia unitsThe Second Continental Congress (1775) in Philadelphia ,founded a Continental Army2) .The Civil War (1861.4.12 ~ 1865. 4.9): causes and significanceThe Battle of Gettysburg:: the turning point of the Civil War2.Discovery of the New World (1492 )3.the first permanent colony: Jamestown, Virginia (1607)4.Plymouth:the first settlement of the Puritans on North America(1620)5.Mayflower (Plymouth, 1620) 102 Pilgrims/Puritans6.Watergate Scandal ( 1972.6.) President Nixon had to resignIII. Documents文件1. The Bill of Rights (1689) 《权利法案》: confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy, the beginning of constitutional monarchyThe Bill of Rights (1791) 《权利法案》:the first ten Amendments to the US Constitution 2. Constitutions:UK---no written constitutions；consisting of statute law, common law and conventionsUS--- 1789.3.4; the first written constitution in the world, with many amendments3. Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》drafted by Jefferson 托马斯杰克逊起草4. Articles of Confederation《联邦条例》origin of US constitution 美国宪法的前身5. Emancipation Proclamation《解放黑奴宣言》(1863)issued by Lincoln6. Doomsday Book《末日审判书》IV. Figures 人物1. Kings and queens:Henry VIII (religious Reformation) , Mary I , Elizabeth I (a wise queen, during her reign capitalism grew rapidly), Charles I (beheaded), Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector)2. Presidents: George Washington (1), Thomas Jefferson (3) James Madison (4, father of the Constitution), Abraham Lincoln(16), Franklin Roosevelt (32), Richard Nixon (Watergate Scandal)3.Other figures：Margaret Thatcher(first woman Prime Minister), Benjamin Franklin(forerunner of Enlightenment in America), Christopher Columbus (an Italian navigator, first discoveredthe New World)V. Politics and laws政治与法律1. political system：UK---- Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制US--- Federation联邦制2. Parliament / congressUK Parliament ----Consists of：the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of commons Functions: make laws, financeUS Congress ---- Consists of：Senate，House of Representatives (elected every 2 years) 3．Government:UK---- the prime minister (most powerful person), the Lord Privy Sea l掌玺大臣，Minister of without Portfolio不管部长，US--- presidency，power of president （veto）,the Department of State (advise the President on foreign relations)，Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) 中央情报局，t he Federal Bureau of Investigation联邦调查局, 以及其他一些部的名称4.major parties：UK-----the conservative Party，the Labor PartyThe party that has the majority seats in the Commons will form the government.US----- the Federal Party (founder: Alexander Hamilton)the Republican Party ( the Republicans) : political symbol---elephantthe Democratic Party (the Democrats): political symbol ---donkey5. general election ：UK---every 5 years US--- every4 years6. Laws and courts:the Court of appeal上诉法院，the Lord Chancellor大法官petit jury小陪审团VII. Religion宗教the established church of Britain : the Church of England（英格兰圣公会）Puritans: wanted to make reforms in the Anglican Church部分术语：outer London（143）the British Commonwealth of Nations （157）Black Death（154）WASP（309）Doomsday Book（150）Bill of Rights(US)（322）Jamestown (318)American Indians (317)The Church of England（142）Indentured Servant (317)New England（318）Puritans (153)Alaska （306）Hispanic（310）IBM (311)Congress（313）melting pot（309）。
英美概况复习资料
一，英美概况英国综述1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet12. The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa s ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VIIBADD CACBD BACD BADA二，英美概况英国地理部分1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18018. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30031. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9038. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandDCBA CA BB A C BB BDA AB CD三，英美概况英国历史部分1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’et atB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow40. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility betwee n England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandBBBC AD BA C AAACC B BB ABB ABC ABBB A C BB BC四，英美概况英国教育部分1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 183. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. OxfordABAA BCDAA CABC五，英美概况英国社会生活部分1. Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony.A. churchB. concertC. registry office2. House prices are _____ in Britain.A. lowB. affordableC. high3. British food is _____.A. unlimitedB. abundantC. limitedD. changeable4. Newly wedded couples are _____ to have a baby.A. eagerB. unwillingC. not eager5. The British people usually have a small quantity of _____ as a first course.A. soupB. sweetC. vegetable6. The best-known quality of the British people is their _____.A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. phlegm7. The English sense of humour is _____.A. self-madeB. self-deprecatingC. self-respect8. English people do not laugh at the following except _____.A. a misfortuneB. a failureC. a crippleD. own faults9. The right to privacy and personal freedom is _____ by the British.A. disturbedB. unquestionedC. not allowedD. questionable10. Three “Don’ts” include the following except _____.A. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while s hoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults11. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____.A. priceB. taxC. weatherD. sports12. Three “ings” include the following except _____.A. bettingB. drinkingC. tippingD. bargaining13. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _____.A. horse racingB. BingoC. football poolsD. dog racing14. The three royal traditions are the following except _____.A. playing the fluteB. th e changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racing15. Playing the flute is a tradition inherited from _____.A. Queen VictoriaB. Queen ElizabethC. Mary I16. John Bull denoted a frank, uneasy, funny _____ called John Bull in the 17th century.A. ladyB. boyC. gentlemanD. young man17. During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks of paid holiday.A. fourB. fiveC. three18. State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays.A. sixB. sevenC. five19. St. Patrick’s Day and Orangeman’s Day are the holidays only spent in _____.A. EnglandB. WalesC. ScotlandD. N. I.20. _____ is basically a home and family festival.A. ChristmasB. Boxing DayC. Easter Monday21. The purely personal festival in Britain is _____.A. Mothers’ DayB. Fathers’ DayC. birthday22. Boxing Day is on _____.A. the first weekday after ChristmasB. the following day of ChristmasC. the last Sunday of December23. The festival which celebrates a historical event is _____.A. Good FridayB. Remembrance DayC. Guy Fawkes Day24. New Year’s Day is more important than Christmas to the _____.A. IrishB. EnglishC. ScotsD. welsh25. _____ commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and Easter Sunday the resurrection.A. Easter MondayB. Good FridayC. Christmas26. The birthday of the _____ is a National Day in Britain.A. head of the House of CommonsB. British MonarchC. Prime Minister27. The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few _____ coins hidden in it.A. goldB. silverC. copper28. Armistice Day is on _____ when the British remember the millions of people who died in the two world wars.A. November 11thB. April 21stC. December 31st29. Wages mean a payment usually of money for labour or services according to contract and on the following basis except _____.A. hourlyB. dailyC. monthlyD. piecework30. The British people traditionally like to live in _____.A. high buildingsB. small housesC. big houses31. At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment.A. sixtyB. sixty-fiveC. fifty-five32. Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni.A. 6thB. 7thC. 8th33. Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9th34. Christianity came into being in the _____ century.A. firstB. secondC. third35. Christianity consists of the following except _____.A. CatholicismB. Jewish ChurchC. ProtestantismD. Orthodox Eastern Church36. One of the Free Churches _____ is also called the Society of Friends.A. the BaptistB. QuakersC. the Methodist37. The Church of England is also called _____.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the CongregationalC. the Salvation ArmyD. Puritanism38. The Church of England came into being during the _____.A. Glorious RevolutionB. Industrial RevolutionC. European ReformationACCCA BBDBD CDADA CAADA CACCB BBACB BAAAB BAC六，英美概况英国政治体制部分1. The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3. The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is _____.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet6. The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five7. The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 6358. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are _____.A. hereditaryB. appointedC. elected9. The quorum in the House of Commons is _____ members.A. thirtyB. fortyC. forty-five10.The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown14. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about _____.A. 40B. 20C. 3015. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister17. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker18. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _____.A. GovernmentB. OppositionC. Privy Council19. London, because of its special location, is divided into _____ boroughs and the city of London.A. 20B. 12C. 3221. The following persons except _____ have no right to vote.A. certified lunaticsB. criminalsC. government employeesD. peers who have seats in the Lords22. In England and Wales, the jury consists of _____ people in criminal and civil cases.A. fifteenB. twelveC. seven23. Legally any citizen aged from _____ to _____ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury.A. 16, 60B. 18, 65C. 18, 6024. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _____.A. Chief ConstableB. ChairmanC. Mayor25. A _____ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel.A. barristerB. solicitorC. lawyer26. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for _____.A. one yearB. two yearsC. six years27. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _____.A. the Queen’s Bench DivisionB. the Criminal DivisionC. the Chancellor DivisionD. the Family Division28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _____.A. RoundheadsB. LoyalistsC. the WhigsCABBB CBA ABABA ABC BBBAA ABB七，英美概况美国地理部分3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence11. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14. About _____ of the world’s annu al agricultural products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321. Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23. The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26. About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except _____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628. Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo30. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32. The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____, providing _____ percent of the total output each year.A. Pittsburgh, 60B. Chicago, 50C. New York, 6033. The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34. Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35. ¬_____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36. In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38. The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the PacificAC ACAA BDAAB CABA CCACC CBAB BAACC ABC八，英美概况美国历史部分1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the “Intolerable Acts”B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S. won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/320. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington’s administra tion.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called “_____”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4548. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versaills TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programme of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighbourB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon’s historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 1973。
英美概况总复习
英美概况总复习名词解释：(1)The Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁）They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(2)The Good Friday Agreement（北爱和平协议）As a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.(3)The Bill of Rights of 1689（权利法案）In 1688, king James II’ s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politician and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. The bill of rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the king would never be able toignore Parliament.(4)The constitution of Britain（英国的宪法）Britain has no written constitution. The foundation of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws passed by parliament; the common laws, which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions.(5)The function of Parliament（议会的功能）To pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.(6)The house of commons(众议院)The house of commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650elected representatives (members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.(7)Class system in Britain society（英国社会的等级制度）The class system does exist in British society. Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class. Class division are not simply economic, they are cultural as well. People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind ofeducation they receive. One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.(8)Privatisation in UK economy（英国经济私有化）The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound. Therefore, in the 1980s, when the conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatization was carried out. Many state-owned businesses (such as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace) were turned into private companies. Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.(9)Elizabethan drama（伊丽莎白一世时的戏剧）The general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries is known as the renaissance. In British culture, one of the most successful and long-lasting expressions of this development lay in drama. That was the period of the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603). The first professional theatre in London opened in 1576, and others followed, performing the plays of many notable playwrights, including Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare.(10)Romanticism（浪漫主义）Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are moreconcerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. A volume of poems called lyrical ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the romantic movement to its height, the spirit of romanticism also occurred in the novel.(11)Modernism（现代主义）Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before WWⅡ. It is characterized by a high degree of experimentation. It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of realism. Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action. One of the most famous English modernist is Virginia Woolf.(12)Declaration of independence（独立宣言）The declaration of independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have someunalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from john locks.(13)Transcendentalists（先验论者）In his book nature, Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature, individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion. A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson. They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence. They a re known as Transcendentalists(14)The “lost generation”（迷失的一代）In the aftermath of world war I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment. Some lived in Europe. They were known as the “lost generation.” Two of the most representative writers of the “lost generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.简答题：（1）The Magna Carta and its significance（大宪章及其意义）（2）Glories of Revolution and its significance（光荣革命及其意义）（3）Modernism in Britain literature writer, masterpieces, itssignificance（英国现代主义文学作家的杰作,它的意义）（4）Puritanism and its significance（清教主义及其意义）PuritanismThey follow the idea of the French reformer and theologian John Calvin1. doctrines:(1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2) Original sin and total depravity: human beings were born to evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.(3) Limited atonement 赎罪:only the “elect” can be saved.Influence of Puritanism on American Literature(1) a group of good qualities----hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful)influenced American literature(2) it led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth---Garden of Eden.(3) Symbolism: lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works.To the pious Puritan the physical, phenomenal world is nothing but a symbol of God (typical ways of Puritans who thought that all the simple objects existing in the world connected deep meanings). Symbolism means using symbols in literary works. The symbol means somethingrepresents or stands for abstract deep meaning.(4) Simplicity characterizes the Puritan style of writing. With regard to their writing, thestyle of fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.(5) Fired with a sense of mission. The Puritans looked the worst of life in the face oftremendous optimism. The optimistic Puritan has exerted a great influence on American Literature. Early American Literature were mainly optimistic because they believed that God sent them to the new continent, to fulfill the sacred task. so they would overcome all the difficulties. They met at last. Gradually Americans found that their dreams would not be successful, so lots of pessimistic literary works were produced.(5) Transcendentalism and its significance（超越论及其意义）TranscendentalismTranscendentalism is an American literary, political and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered on Ralph Waldo Emerson.Keys:--------the new spirit was neither social nor political, nor industrial, nor economic, nor literary, nor scientific, nor religious. It was all of them atonce. It transcended every phase of life. It is a whole new way of thinking.Transcendentalism in its literal meaning is the recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, of knowing truth intuitively or reaching the divine without the need of an intercessor. It was essence romantic idealism on Puritan soil.In application, American transcendentalism urged a reform in society and that such a reform may be reached if individuals resist customs and social codes, and relu rather on reason to learn what is right. Ultimately, transcendentalism believed that one should transcend society’s code of ethics and rely on personal intuition in order to reach absolute goodness, or absolute truth.Influence:1. It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature. It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.2. It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to “get on ” obscured the moral necessity for rising to s piritual height.3. It helped to create the first American renaissance-----one of the most prolific periods in American literature.(6) Norman conquer and its significance （诺曼征服及其意义）。
英美概况复习题1答案
英美概况复习题1答案
1. 英国的首都是哪里？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
5. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？
答案：第四。
7. 英国的国王或女王的正式称呼是什么？
答案：君主。
8. 美国的宪法有多少条修正案？
答案：27条。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
答案：玫瑰。
11. 英国的议会由哪两院组成？
答案：上议院和下议院。
12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。
13. 英国的国歌名是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
14. 美国的人口在世界上排名第几？答案：第三。
15. 英国的国旗由哪几种颜色组成？答案：蓝色、白色和红色。
16. 美国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：华盛顿特区。
17. 英国的国教是什么？
答案：英国国教。
18. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
19. 英国的君主制是哪种类型？
答案：立宪君主制。
答案：《星条旗》。
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。
一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。
它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。
此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。
二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。
美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。
美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。
此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。
三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。
加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。
此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。
四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。
澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。
此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。
新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。
新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。
英美概况复习资料
英美概况复习资料1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.the Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦国家3.the European Union 欧洲联盟4.the Great Charter 英国大宪章5.the Bill of Rights 权利法案6.constitution 宪法7.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制8.Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫9.divine right of kings 君权神授10.parliament 议会11.the Great Council大议会12.two-party system 两党制/doc/aa10228022.html,erning party执政党14.Opposition party在野党15.Prime Minister首相16.cabinet 内阁17.the common laws 普通法18.the House of Lords 上议院参议院19.the House of Commons 下议院众议院20.statute law 成文法21.conventions 习惯法22.general elections 大选23.the Conservative party 保守党24.the Labour party 劳工党25.national economy 国民经济26.Gross Domestic Product(GDP) 国内生产总值27.Gross National Product(GNP)国民生产总值28.G8(G8 Summit)8国首脑会议/doc/aa10228022.html,pulsory education 义务教育/doc/aa10228022.html,prehensive schools 综合学校31.gramma schools 文法学校32.vocational schools 职业学校33.Christmas 圣诞节34.Easter 复活节35.Boxing Day 节礼日36.Ramadan 斋月37.Bonfire Night 篝火之夜38.the World Trade Organisation(WTO)世界贸易组织39.the Great Dividing Range 大分水岭40.the Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁41.the Dreamtime 梦创时代42.the Dreaming 梦创信仰名词解释：1.London:London is the largest city located in the south of the country.It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways.It is cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain?s big companies.It is not only the financial center of the nation,but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.2.the Anglo-Saxons:They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.3.the functions of Parliament:The functions of Parliament are:to pass laws,to vote for taxation,to scrutinis government policy,administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.4.the House of Lords:The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual,who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England;and the Lords Temporal,which refers to those lords who either have inherited the sear from their forefathers or they have been appointed.The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the public.5.the House of Commons:The House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy.The MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.6.the importance of general elections:General elections are very important in western democracy.According to the author,they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders. 7.the formation of the government:651members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies in the UK.The party which holds a majority of those “seats”in parliament forms the government,with it?s party leader as Prime Minister.8.main sectors of the UK economyThe UK national economy can be divided into three main areas:primary industries,such as agriculture,fishing and mining;secondary industries which manufacture complex goodsfrom those primary products;and tertiary(or service) industries such as banking,insurance,tourism and the retailing.9.independent schools:Independent schools are commonly called public schools which areactually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government assistance.Independent schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty?s Inspectors of Schools.These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.10.the Open University:The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons.It?s open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities.Universities courses are followed through TV,videos and a net work of study centers.At the end of their study at Open Universities,successful students are awarded a universities degree.11.quality papers:They belong to one of the categories of the national dailies.The quality papers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance.They also carry reviews,such as book reviews,and feature articles about high culture.These papers are also referred to as “the broadsheets”because they are printed on large-size paper.The readers of such newspapers are generally a well-educated middle class audience.12.TabloidsA tabloid is a small format newspaper with color photos and catchy headlines.T abloids als lots of crime,sports and sensational human interest stories so as to attract readers.Stories are short,easy to read and often rely more on opinions than fact.They belong to a category of national papers different from quality papers.13.”football hooligans”:”Football hooligans”reflect the violence associated with football.While al social classes used to join in the local football match,it was regarded as being not all suitable for gentlemen.Visitors from abroad sometimes complained about stumbling into the midst of a rough and dangerous game when walking the streets of London,while local householders and merchants were troubled by having their windows broken by stray footballs.Drinking hard went along with playing hard.Today,violence is still associated with football.”Football hooligans” are supporters of rival teams.They sometimes clash before,during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town,breaking windows and beating each other up.14.the Great Famine:The Great Famine took place from 1845-1848 when successive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death,or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition.Many left the country for the NewWorld.The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history,not merely because there was mass starvation and emigration,but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony.Naturally this period is characterized by campaigns fornational independence and land reform.15.checks and balances:The Irish system of government is based on the American principle of “checks and balances”:that is, the power of the executive branch of government can be checked by the legislature(the two houses of parliament) and by the judiciary,through courts which interpret the laws.Enforcement is also part of the role of the courts of law,and is actually carried out by the police force.Both the legal system and the police force are conceived of as independent of political influence.16.the dreaming.;The dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups together.The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land.The people don?t own the land,instead the land owns the people.The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other.They also provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other.They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous people can survive in the life-threatingenvironment.17.Terra Nullius:Terra Nullius is from Latin.It means a land that is owned by no one.The British declared the Australian continent Terra Nullius to justify their invasion of the indigenous people?s land.It served to their taking possession of the land and devalued the indigenous people as uncivilized and not fully human.18.Ireland?s accession to the EU:Ireland?s accession to EU in 1971 has provided the followingbenefits to Ireland:1)EU?s funds for agriculture,/doc/aa10228022.html,cation.etc;2)Mobility of Irish people to the other EU countries;3)Further opening up of the Ireland marked and its accession to the EU markets;4)Faster economic development;growing wealth of the Irish people;5)Woman?s equal rights through EU laws.19.The Celtic Tiger:简答题Unit 11.描述英国在世界上的地理位置（东南西北分别是什么国家）Describe the geographical position of BritainBritain is an island country. It is surrounded by the sea. It lies inthe north Atlantic Ocean off thenorth coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the southand the North Sea in the east.Unit 22.描述英国人的性格孤傲(exclusiveness) ;保守(conservativeness ) ;polite独居(privacy)和个人自由(individualism) ;humor3.英国气候Rainy;changeable;unpredictable;mild;fogs;dampUnit 31. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?There are some characters in the Britain Constitutional Monarchy:1. The monarch is primarily to symbolize the traditional and unity of the British state. The Queen reigns but does not rule. And she is legally head of the executive and judiciary branches, an integral part of the legislature, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and “supremegovernor” of the Church of England2. Parliament becomes the country authority centre, which have right to pass laws, bills and acts of Parliament, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government and so on.3. The king must believe in Established Church (being that person succeeds to the throne not to be that Prod), catholic or same catholic get married.Until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were an executive monarch, which means that they had he right make and pass legislation. But even in early time there were occasions when the Sovereign had to act in accordance with the law and take into account the will of the paper. With the signing Magna Charta in 1215, for example, the leading noblemen of England succeeded in forcing King John to accept that they and other freemen had rights against the Crown.In 17th century,the Stuart kings propagated the theory of the divine right of kings, claiming that the Sovereign was subject only to God and not to the law. Widespread unrest against their rule led to civil war in t he second half of the 17th century. In 1688-1689Parliamentarians drew up the Bill of Rights, which established basic tenets such as the supremacy of Parliament. The constitutional monarchy we know today really developed i n the 18th and 19th centuries, asday-to-day power came to beexercised by Ministers in Cabinet, and by Parliaments elected by a steadily-widening electorate.2.为何现代社会英国人仍保留君主立宪制？Unit42. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?Unit 5Main sectors of the UK economy（1）National economies can be broken down into three main areas：primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining,Second-ary industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary produets;And tertiary industuies often described as services, such as banking, insuranc, tourism, and the selling of goods.Unit 71. What are the purposes of the British education system?please comment on these purposes.what are the main purposes of theChinese education system?Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?The purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society,But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialise childrenChina；To pass the examsTo let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills tomake lifeTo get a good job and make moneyTo be able to cope with life on the wholeTo improve students? qualityCompulsory ——(1)Both the UK and China have compulsory education.(2)The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They both have primary schooling, secondary and university education.(3)Both countries have vocational schools providing study and trainingfor those who want to follow a certain career insteadof seeking university education. differences——Chinese Education System and Western Education System have their own advantages and disadvantages.Chinese emphasizes foundational knowledge whereasWestern thinks highly of creativeness.Teaching Philosophy(1)the main concept of education(2)In Britain,education aims to develop individual abilities. But in China, we always kill students?ability of creation and imagination to some degree.Teaching Method(1)In Britain, t heir homework doesn?t have a unified right answer. If the answers given by students are reasonable, marks will be given. while in China, the knowledge we learn most have little relationship with our own life, they…re more basic courses .2.How does the British education system reflect social class?Unit 91.The author says tha t “the media are central to Britishleisureculture”, why does the author say so? What are some of the similarities and differences in terms of the function between the British media and the Chinese media?(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The thirdmost popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.(2)similarities:Firstly, like British Media, the role that ChineseMedia plays has become more and moreimportant.Secondly, both the two media have someorganizations which are dominant and influential.Thirdly, British Media and Chinese Media areaccelerating integration of the traditional mediaand IT.Differences: Paper media in the UK is still a huge industry no matter at present or in future. But in China, moreand more people begin to rely on Internet andhanging around online even with nothing at all todo.In addition, British Media has more freedom than theirChinese colleagues to criticize politic.Unit 101.How do the British celebrate Christmas? In what waydoes this holiday and the ways of celebration in Britain reflect western cultural tradition in general and British traditions in particular?(1)Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments. (2)there are some “Christian” traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plant like holly and ivy.Nowadays,Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards,preparing holiday foods,and decorating homes and workplaces with colored lights,Christmas trees .Besides there are three Christmas traditions which are particular British:one is the Christmas Pantomime,a comical musical play.Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.A third British tradition is Boxing Day,which falls on the day after Christmas.Traditionally,it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants.Unit 111.北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国的区别1).Northern Ireland is a province of the UK,the Republic of Ireland is an independent nation in its own right.2)The area covering the Republic of Ireland is 5 times of that ofNorthern Ireland.3)Most of the people in Northern Ireland are Protestants while the majority of the people in the Republic are Catholics.2.What are some of the features of Ireland's geographyUnit 121.describe the structure of the Irish government2.What is the responsibilities of the Irish government.Unit 151. What are the unique features of the Australian continent?答：Isolated from other major land masses, Australia?s distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent.2. What is the impact of the assimilation policy on the indigenous people? 同化政策对本土人民的影响是什么？答：The missionaries on the “protected reserves” set out destroy the culture of the Dreaming and to replace it with Christianity. As the children grew to adulthood many of them had lost both their families and their culture. They were employed as domestic servants or on cattle stations .Young Aboriginal women were continually at risk of rape. Aboriginal people were excluded from the social ,the political ,the education ,the health services and other aspects. Racism was anentrenched part of Australian culture until the 1960s and operated at the personal and institutional level.诺曼征服的影响1)Relation with the Continent were opened,and civilization and commerce were extended.2)Norman -French culture,language,manners,and architecture were introduced.3)The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome,and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.4)The Norman Conquest was one of the most decisive events in English history,which caused a fundamental change in the way of life of English people.工业革命的定义The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.。
英美概况复习资料
1. The continental United States lies in the central North American with ____ toits east and ____ to its west.A. the pacific ocean, the Atlantic oceanB. the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific OceanC. the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of MexicoD. the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean2. Among the Great Lakes, _____ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan3. The Appalachians run from ____ to ____.A. the north, the southB. the east, the westC. the northwest, the southeastD. the northeast, the southwest4. The biggest city in the U.S. is ____.A. Los AngelesB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Francisco5. The ____ River meets the Atlantic Ocean at New York City.A. PotomacB. HudsonC. ColumbiaD. Colorado6. Hawaii became the fiftieth state of the United States in ____.A. 1948B. 1950C. 1956D. 19597. ____ is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Eire8. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United Sates is ___.A. the HispanicsB. the Asian-AmericansC. the IndiansD. the blacks9. The Grand Canyon is located in the state of ____.A. ColoradoB. CaliforniaC. ArizonaD. New Mexcio10. ____ are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United Sates.A. the BlacksB. The HispanicsC. the Asian-AmericansD. the Indians11. The ____ River has been called the American Ruhr.A. MississippiB. OhioC. MissouriD. Colorado12. The Mississippi River flows to ____.A. the Atlantic OceanB. the Gulf of CaliforniaC. the Gulf of MexicoD. the Pacific Ocean13. The U.S. produces nearly ___ of the corn in the world.• A. 25% B. 35% C. 40% D. 50%14. ____ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.• A. The Midwest B. the Great Plains• C. New England D. the South15．The Snow belt areas in the united States refer to North.16. The chief industry in the Rocky Mountains is ____• A. the tourist trade B. mining• C. textile industry D. iron and steel17. The United States is the ____ most populous country in the world.• A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth18. New York is located in ___.A. the MidwestB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. New EnglandD. the great Plains19. The United States is the ____ largest country in the world.• A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth20. ___ is the home of the space center in the U.S.• A. Houston B. Dallas• C. New Orleans D. Miami•••21. The Midwest states lies in the ___ part of the U.S.• A. western B. southern C. northern D. northwestern•22. The smallest state in the U.S. is ____.• A. Washington B. Rhode island• C. Hawaii D. Maryland••23. In the U.S., the largest city along the Pacific Coast is _____. • A. Los Angeles B. San Francisco• C. Seattle D. Portland•24. The first industrial area in the United Sates is _____.• A. New England• B. the Middle Atlantic• C. the Midwest D. the South••25. _____ is the largest city of the Great Plains of the U.S.• A. Colorado B. Los Angeles• C. Salt Lake City D. Denver•26. The largest state on the mainland of the United States is _____. • A. California B. Texas• C. Alaska D. Arizona••27. The largest and busiest port on the great Lakes is ___.• A. New York B. Chicago• C. Detroit D. St. Louis•28. The sunbelt areas in the united States refer to _____.• A. the East and the North• B. the North and the West• C. the west and the South• D. the east and the South••29. The newest state in the United States is _____.• A. New Mexico B. Alaska• C. California D. Hawaii••30. The state of ____ is the leading state in oil and natural gas deposits in the U.S.• A. California B. New Mexico• C. Florida D. Texas31. The Rustbelt areas refers to Northeastern USA32. Please list five metropolitans which located on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. (Boston-Washington corridor )Boston, Massachusetts, new York city, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.33. __Florida______is the southern-most city( exclusive of Hawaii).34. The highest summits in the US. is Mt. Mckinley35. The national flag of the United States is known as ____.A. the star-spangled BannarB. Uncle SamC. Got DogD. Union Jack36. The Niagara Falls is located on thee US and the Canadian boundary between Lake _________ and Lake ________.A. Superior, HuronB. Michigan, HuronC. Huron, EireD. Eire, Ontario37．Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II38．Westminster Palace is the ___________.A.seat of British House of ParliamentB.seat of English ChurchC.residence of king and queenD.Residence of Prime Minster39．No. 10 Downing Street is ________.A.Office of British NavyB.Official residence of Prime MinsterC.Seat of English parliamentD.Official residence of King40．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186741．In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 842．The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists 43．Among the Great Lakes, ______ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan44．_____ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New York45．______ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that he got the nickname “Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV46．During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army47．The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet UnionMock Test.1. The official name of the United Kingdom is______.A .the United Kingdom of Great BritainB .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandC .the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern IrelandD .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. It was under______ that the feudal system in England was completely established.A .HaroldB .WilliamC .HenryD .Edward3 .The largest and most important museum in Britain is______.A .the British MuseumB .the Victoria and Albert MuseumC .the Imperial War MuseumD .the National Gallery4. Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .Northern IrelandD .Wales5. The highest peak in Britain is______.A .Ben NevisB .ScafellC .SnowdoniaD .Cross Fell6. The first known settlers of Britain were______.A .the IberaiansB .the Bearker FolkC .the CeltsD .the Romans7. The Wars of the Roses lasted from ______ to______.A.1455, 1465B.1455, 1475C.1455, 1485D.1455, 14958. The religious change from Catholicism toward Protestant theology in England was called “______”.A .RenaissanceB .ReformationC .RevolutionD .Evolution9. A British Parliament has a maximum duration of______ years.A .3B .4C .5D .610. In criminal trials, the______ decides the issue of guilt or innocence.A .judgeB .lawyerC .juryD .audience11. The first English colony in America was founded in______.A .1593B .1607C .1618D .162012. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel inthe______ and the North Sea in the______.A .south, westB .south, eastC .north, westD .north, east13. The first successful Roman conquest in Britain was led by______.A .Julius CaesarB .ClaudiusC .AgricolaD .Constantine14.______ served as the new cultural centers in England during the reign of the Norman kings.A .The schoolsB .The monasteriesC .The royal courtD .The big towns15. The House of Lancaster was symbolized by the______ rose, while that of York was symbolized by the______ rose.A .white, blackB .white, redC .red, whiteD .black, red16. In Britain, the ultimate authority for law-making resides in______.A .the House of LordsB .the Hose of CommonsC .the QueenD .the Prince of Wales17. Which of the following statements is not true about the contributions made by the Anglo-Saxons to English state?A .They divided the country into shires.B .They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system.C .They created the manorial system and the Witan.D .They established the complete feudal system in England.18. The narrowest part of the English Channel is the Straits of Dover, which is only______ km across.A .25B .35C .43D .5019. Which of the following statements is not true about William’s policy towardthe church in England?A .He kept the church completely in his control and tried to suppress its power.B .He appointed the Italian-born Lanfranc to be Archbishop of Canterbury.C .He encouraged the church to have a closer relationship with Rome.D .He took care to maintain the independence of the church.20. The Magna Carta had altogether______ clauses.A .50B .53C .58D .6321. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained______growth rate and______ inflation rate.A .the highest, the highestB .the lowest, the lowestC .the highest, the lowestD .the lowest, the highest23. The House of Lord is presided over by the______.A .Archbishop of CanterburyB .Lord ChancellorC .QueenD .Archbishop of York24. The capital of Scotland is______.A .BelfastB .CardiffC .EdinburghD .Dublin25. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?A .About 200 yearsB .About 300 yearsC .About 400 yearsD .About 500 years26. Which of the following statements is not among the causes of the hundredyears’ war between England and France?A .The French king wanted to take back the territory occupied by England.B .Both English and French kings wanted to control the Flemish clothmanufacturing towns.C .England wanted to stop France from giving aid to the Scots.D .The English refused to recognize Edward as their king.27. Mrs. Thatcher was British Prime Minister from______.A .1980, 1990B .1982, 1988C .1979, 1990 D.1979, 198428. The present Sovereign of Britain is______.A .PhilipB .Elizabeth IC .Elizabeth IID .Charles29. Britain’s most popular pastime is______.A .reading newspaperB .watching TVC .playing footballD .horse racing30. The destruction of the______ in 1588 showed England’s superiority as a naval power under Elizabeth I’s reign.A .French FleetB .Spanish ArmadaC .Danish VikingsD .Portuguese Navy31. The replacement of James II by William and Mary has been known as______.A .the Glorious RevolutionB .the RestorationC .the ReformationD .the Renaissance32. The decade of 1980s is remembered in Britain as the era of______.A .centralizationB .nationalizationC .privatizationD .industrialization33. The Church of Scotland is a______ church.A .MethodistB .BaptistC .PresbyterianD .Catholic34. The longest river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River35.______ were the people who laid foundation of the English state.A .The CeltB .The RomansC .The JutesD .The Anglo-Saxons36. Mrs. Thatcher’s Medium-term Financial Strategy was characterized by______.A .prices controlB .incomes controlC .state interventionismD .privatization37. The British Prime Minister is appointed by______.A .the QueenB .the SpeakerC .the House of CommonsD .the House of Lords38.______ is the highest judiciary officer in Britain.A .The Lord ChancellorB .The Home SecretaryC .The Attorney GeneralD .The Prime Minister39. The well-known Lake District in Britain is located in______.A .north ScotlandB .north-west EnglandC .north WalesD .Northern Ireland40. Which of the following statements is not among the achievements of King Alfred?A .He defeated the Danes and conquered Denmark.B .He translated Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People into English.C .He founded a strong fleet and became known as “ the father of the British navy”.D .He established a number of schools.41. Henry VIII was above all responsible for the______ reform in England.A .militaryB .economicC .socialD .religious42. The______ presides over the House of Commons and enforces the rules of order.A .Prime MinisterB .SpeakerC .Lord ChancellorD .Queen43.______ is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the United Kingdom.A .The High CourtB .The Supreme Court of JudicatureC .The House of LordD .The Court of Appeal44. Around which time period did the Celts start to arrive in Britain?______A .3000 B.C.B .2000 B.C.C .700 B.C.D .500 B.C.45. The death of King______ marked the perishing of Anglo-Saxon England.A .AlfredB .EdwardC .HaroldD .William46. England has been a Protestant country since the reign of______.A .Henry VIIIB .Edward VIC .Mary Tudor D.Elizabeth I47.______ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New York48. In 1838, the London Working Men’s Association put forward a charter of political demands, which was called a “______”.A .Great CharterB .Greater CharterC .People’s CharterD .new Poor Law49. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?______A .microprocessorsB .computersC .biotechnologyD .motor vehicle50. The head of State in Britain is______.A .the king or queenB .Prime MinisterC .ParliamentD .Prince of Wales51. In Great Britain, the______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A .Church of EnglandB .Church of ScotlandC .Church of IrelandD .Church of Wales52. Among the four political divisions of Britain, ______ is the most denselypopulated.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .WalesD .Northern Ireland53. “The Danelaw” refers to the______ part of England which was occupied by the Danes in King Alfred’s time.A .south and eastB .north and eastC .south and westD .north and west54. The hundred years’ war between England and France was declared by______.A .Henry IIIB .Edward IC .Edward IIID .Henry V55.______ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that hegot the nickname “Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV56. The end of Britain’s empire was hastened by______.A .World War IB .the Great DepressionC .World War IID .the Korean War57. The Prime Minister in Britain is chairman of the______.A .shadow cabinetB .cabinetC .ParliamentD .Opposition58. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from______.A .the 11th and 12th centuriesB .the 12th and 13th centuriesC .the 14th and 15th centuriesD .the 18th and 19th centuries59. Which of the following statements is not true about St.Augustine?A .He was sent by Pope Gregory I to England.B .He was the first Archbiship of Canterbury.C .He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility.D .One of his greatest achievements was to have converted large numbers of common people in Britain.60. The Black Death spread through Europe in the______ century.A .13thB .14thC .15thD .16th61. There were______ Tudor monarchs who ruled England and Wales and the first one was______.A .4, Henry VB .5, Henry VIIC .6, Henry VIID .7, Henry VIII62. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a______ conspiracy.A .ScottishB .CatholicC .PuritanD .Spanish63. The British Labor Party got its name in_______.A .1893B .1899C .1900D .190664 .The members of______ in Britain have also been known as dissenters ornonconformists.A .the Anglican ChurchesB .the Church of EnglandC .the Roman Catholic ChurchD .the Free Churches65. Which of the following people are not descendants of the Celts ?A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish66. Which of the following statements is not true about Canute?A .He became King of England in 1016.B .He made England part of a Scandinavian empire.C .He divided power between Danes and Saxons.D .He formulated a legal system in England.67. James I was son of______.A .Mary TudorB .Mary StuartC .Elizabeth ID .Edward VI68. Greater London is divided into 32______ and the City of London.A .districtsB .countiesC .boroughsD .regions69. The largest church of the Free Churches in Britain is______.A .the Baptist ChurchB .the Presbyterian ChurchC .the Methodist ChurchD .the United Reformed Church70. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the gods in______.A .DruidismB .ChristianityC .the Teutonic religionD .Roman Catholicism71. As a transitional period, Renaissance covered the years between______and______.A .1150, 1450B .1250, 1550C .1350, 1650D .1450, 175072.______ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A .The RenaissanceB .The English ReformationC .The English Civil WarD .the Glorious Revolution73. Which of the following countries was not a member of the “Allies” during World War I?A .BritainB .FranceC .RussiaD .Germany74 .Among the following industrial cities,______ is not based on coalfields.A .LondonB .GlasgowC .EdinburghD .Manchester75. To Scots, the most important festival is______.A .Christmas DayB .New Year’s EveC .EasterD .Whit Sundays that begin with M’, Mc or Mac are______ names.A .EnglishB .WelshC .ScottishD .Irish77. The first Christian church in Britain was established in______.A .LondonB .YorkC .CanterburyD .Bath78. The Magna Carta was signed by King John in______.A .1213B .1214C .1215D .121679. The Petition of Right was also regarded as the______.A .Magna CartaB .General PardonC .Grand RemonstranceD .second Magna Carta80. The British East India Company was established in______.A .1500B .1600C .1700D .180081. The Midlands refers to the area of______.A .central EnglandB .central Lowlands of ScotlandC .North-East EnglandD .North Wales82. By tradition, the Prime Minister of Britain is also First Lord of______.A .the TreasuryB .the Home OfficeC .the Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeD .the Ministry of Defense83. Easter is a Christian festival that celebrates______.A .the birth of ChristB .the resurrection of ChristC .the coming of the Holy Spirit to Christ’s apostlesD .the death of Christ84. The most important river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River85. Margaret Thatcher was leader of the______ Party.A .ConservativeB .LaborC .LiberalD .Democratic86. In December 1653, Oliver Cromwell was made______ of the Commonwealth of England.A .KingB .GeneralC .Lord ProtectorD .Lord Chancellor87. There are now______ Roman Catholic provinces in Great Britain.A .5B .7C .9D .1088. Football has its traditional home in______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .Italy89.______ is the most typically English of sports.A .FootballB .RugbyC .CricketD .Horse racing90. King______ was known of his piety as “the Confessor”.A .AlfredB .CanuteC .EdwardD .William91. Henry VIII’ s religious reform began as a struggle for______.A .powerB .a divorceC .equalityD .peace92. In Britain the last stage for a bill to become law as Acts of parliament is called______.A .First and Second ReadingsB .Royal AssentC .Third ReadingD .Committee stage93. The______ are Anglo-Saxons.A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish94. Which of the following statements is not true about the jury system in the reign of Henry II?A .It was replacing old English ordeals by fire and water and old Norman trials by battle.B .A jury was composed of twelve men.C .The jurors’ function was not only to act as witnesses, but to hear evidences and give verdict.D .It was originated from primitive trials in which witnesses were called forward to swear to the innocence of the accused.95. It was______ that united the Houses of Lancaster and York.A .Edward VB .Richard IIIC .Henry TudorD .John Beaufont96. During the First Civil War of England, the supporters of Parliament werecalled______.A .CavaliersB .RoundheadsC .RoyalistsD .Crusaders97. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from______.A .ManchesterB .LiverpoolC .LondonD .Edinburgh98. England got its name “Angle” land from______.A .the CeltsB .the RomansC .the Germanic conquerorsD .the Danes99. Which city used to be the Roman capital in Britain?A .LondonB .YorkC .BathD .Edinburgh100. Which of the following statements is not true about Henry VII?A .He was said to have murdered Edward V and his brother.B .During his reign he refilled the royal treasury through loans, subsidies, property levies and fines.C .He was able to build up England’s navy and foreign trade.D .He forbade the nobles to keep excessive power.101. The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship without the consent of______.A .ParliamentB .the archbishop of CanterburyC .the archbishop of YorkD .the Queen102. The home of golf is______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .the U.S.A103. Which of the following statements is not true about Elizabeth I?A .Her religious reform was a compromise of views.B .She tried and executed her cousin Mary.C .She was succeeded by her son James VI.D .She enabled England to become a great trading and colonizing country.104. The game “Rugby” got its name from a______.A .townB .countryC .schoolD .person105. Which of the following statements is not true about William the Conqueror?A .He was Duke of Normandy.B .His cavalry was then the finest fighting horsemen in Europe.C .He was Norman.D .He was crowned as King of England at Canterbury.106. Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of Britain in______.A .1930B .1935C .1940D .1945107. The Open University in Britain was founded in______.A .1958B .1969C .1970D .1975108. The Supreme Court of the U.S. consists of one Chief Justice and ____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 10109. During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army110．______ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. The MidwestB. the Great PlainsC. New EnglandD. The south111. In the U.S., the Senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3B. 4C. 6D. 8112. The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet Union1.The statement “A person cannot step into the same river twice.” was said by_____.A. PythagorasB. PlatoC. HeraclitusD. Democtitus2.________ said, “One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales3.________ founded the science of logic.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales4.The Republic was written by ___________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales5.“Question-and-answer” technique was created by _________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales6.“The Renaissance” was between _________.A. 1500-1700 A.D.B. 1400-1700 A.D.C. 1300-1600 A.D. D. 1400-1600 A.D.7._________ said, “I think; therefore, I am”.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley8.__________ was called the farther of modern Rationalism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley9.________ was called the modern father of Empiricism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley10._________ combined elements of both Rationalism and Empiricism into onenew comprehensive system.A. Immanuel KantB. George HegelC. John RockD. George Berkeley11.________ were mainly interested in love, Nature and art.A. The National RomanticsB. The Universal RomanticsC. The Classical RomanticsD. The contemporary Romantics.12.The British Isles is made up of ________>A.Three large islands and hundreds of small onesB.Two large islands and hundreds of small onesC.Three large islands and dozens of small onesD.Two large islands and dozens of small ones13.The tower of London, located in the center of London, was built by _______.A. King HaroldB. William the ConquerorC. Robin HoodD. Oliver Cromwell14.Between 1337 and 1453 the ______ took place in Britain.A. Wars of RosesB. Black deathC. Hundred Years’ warD. peasants uprising15.In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without agood reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb __________.A. as welcome as a stormB. an Englishmen’ s house is his castleC. don’t wear out your welcomeD. outstay one’s welcome16.Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II17.Westminster Palace is the ___________.E.seat of British House of ParliamentF.seat of English ChurchG.residence of king and queenH.Residence of Prime MinsterI.18.No. 10 Downing Street is ________.E.Office of British NavyF.Official residence of Prime MinsterG.Seat of English parliamentH.Official residence of King19.The oldest university in Britain is ________.A. Cambridge UniversityB. St. Andrews UniversityC. OxfordD. Edinburgh University20.British English is spoken in _______.A. Great BritainB. AustraliaC. New ZealandD. A,B and C21．The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal was _________.A. to save the American economic and political systemB. to change the American economic systemC. to weaken monopoly interests in AmericaD. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America.22．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186723. The American population movement between the end of the civil war and 1880 had much to do with _______.A. the westward movementB. the urbanizationC. the industrializationD. the development of hi-tech industries25. In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 826. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.。
2024年度张奎武《英美概况》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解
阐述美国经济制度的基础，如市 场经济、私有制等，以及产业结 构的现状与特点。
社会问题与挑战
探讨美国当前面临的社会问题， 如种族不平等、贫困、犯罪等， 以及政府和社会如何应对这些挑 战。
2024/3/24
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课后习题详解：美国部分
1
简答题
回答关于美国历史、文化、社会等方面的 简答题，如“简述美国独立战争的背景和 结果”、“分析个人主义在美国文化中的 地位和影响”等。
阐述美国多元文化的特点，以及不同民族在美国社会中的融合过 程。
实用主义与创新精神
探讨实用主义哲学对美国文化的影响，以及创新精神在美国科技、 经济等领域中的体现。
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美国社会现状与特点
政治体制与权力结
构
分析美国政治体制的特点，包括 总统制、三权分立等，以及权力 结构中的利益集团、政党等因素。
经济制度与产业结
英美在国际事务中的影响力 分析英美在国际组织、全球治理等方面的作用和影响力。
2024/3/24
英美外交政策的异同点 比较英美在外交政策制定和实施上的相似性和差异性。
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课后习题详解：政治制度与外交关系部分
习题一
解释英国君主立宪制的基本原则和特 点。
习题二
分析美国总统制与英国君主立宪制的 异同点。
2024/3/24
过去几十年来，英美两国在文化领域的 交流活动不断增多。例如，英国皇家莎 士比亚剧团和美国百老汇的戏剧合作、 英国国家美术馆和美国大都会艺术博物 馆的艺术交流等。这些活动为两国人民 提供了更多了解和欣赏对方文化的机会。
随着全球化的深入发展，英美两国之间 的文化交流将继续加强。未来，两国可 以在数字创意产业、影视制作、艺术教 育等领域开展更多合作，共同推动世界 文化的繁荣和发展。
英美概况复习资料
英美概况复习资料英美概况复习资料英美两国是世界上最具影响力的国家之一，它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都有着重要的地位。
本文将从多个角度对英美概况进行复习，并对两国的历史、地理、社会制度、文化等方面进行探讨。
一、历史概述英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其历史可以追溯到公元前1世纪的罗马帝国时期。
英国曾经是一个强大的殖民帝国，统治过世界各地的殖民地。
而美国则是一个相对年轻的国家，于1776年宣布独立，脱离英国的统治。
美国的历史主要分为殖民地时期、独立战争、内战、工业革命等阶段。
二、地理概况英国位于欧洲西北部，包括大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
它与法国隔海相望，是欧洲大陆最接近英国的国家。
英国的地理特点是多山丘陵，河流众多，气候温和多雨。
美国则位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
美国是一个拥有广袤土地的国家，地形多样，包括大平原、沙漠、山脉等。
美国的气候多样，从亚热带到寒带都有涵盖。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，女王是国家元首，但实际上的政治权力掌握在议会手中。
英国的政府体系是议会制，分为上议院和下议院。
英国的政治制度稳定，尊重法治，实行民主选举。
美国则是一个联邦共和制国家，总统是国家元首，政权分为行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。
美国的政治制度强调权力分立和制衡，选举制度比较复杂，包括总统选举、国会选举等。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义国家，拥有高度发达的市场经济体系。
它是世界上最早实行工业化的国家之一，拥有强大的金融、服务业和制造业。
英国是欧洲最大的金融中心之一，伦敦证券交易所是世界上最大的证券交易所之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，也是全球最发达的资本主义国家之一。
美国拥有强大的科技、金融、制造业等产业，是全球创新和科技领域的领导者。
五、文化特点英美两国都有着丰富多样的文化传统。
英国文化以莎士比亚、英国文学、音乐、戏剧等为代表，具有浓厚的历史底蕴和文化内涵。
英国人崇尚礼仪和传统，喜欢喝茶、看足球等。
英美概况复习资料精华
《英美概况》复习资料Chapter 1 1．The The UK UK UK is is is made made made up up up of of of four four four parts; parts; parts; they they they are are are England, England, England, Scotland, Scotland, Scotland, Wales Wales Wales and and Northern Ireland. (Chapter1, p1) 2．Off the continental Europe lie two islands known as the British Isles. The largest of them is Great Great Britain. Britain. Britain. The The The next next next largest largest largest consists consists consists of of of the the the Republic Republic Republic of of of Ireland Ireland Ireland and and and Northern Northern Northern Ireland Ireland Ireland which which belongs to the UK. (Chapter1, p3) 3．The two youngest states of the USA are Alaska in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii in the central Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p2-3) 4. Alaska is the largest state in the USA, it was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867 for $7,200,000. (Chapter1, p9) 5．The whole of the USA includes 50 states and a federal district, the District of Columbia, which is the seat of the Federal Government. (Chapter1, p3) 6. The major rivers in the UK are the River Severn and the Thames. (Chapter1, p7) 7.The 7.The major major major mountains mountains mountains in in in the the the UK UK UK are are are the the the Pennines, Pennines, Pennines, the the the Cambrians Cambrians Cambrians and and and the the the Grampians. Grampians. (Chapter 1, p7) 8． The Mississippi Rivers is the longest and the most important river in the USA. It flows from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. (Chapter1, p8) 9．In the USA, there are three great mountain ranges: the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Great Cordillera Mountain Range. (Chapter1, p9) 10．The The Lake Lake Lake District District District area area area is is is very very very beautiful beautiful beautiful and and and quiet. quiet. quiet. Many Many Many English English English poets, poets, poets, such such such as as Wordsworth and S. Coleridge wrote poems about the district. (Chapter1, p4) 11． Lough Lough Neagh Neagh Neagh ((纳湖)is )is a a a lake lake lake of of of 396 396 396 square square square kilometers kilometers kilometers in in in area, area, area, the the the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in Northern Ireland, and in the British Isles as well. (Chapter1, p10) 12．The renowned Yellowstone National Park in the northwestern part of Wyoming is the oldest national park in the world and contains the largest wildlife preserve in the US. (Chapter1, p6) 13．The Colorado Plateau is threaded my many deep valleys or canyons, among which the best known is Colorado V alley, also called Grand Canyon. (Chapter1, p6) 14．In the eastern California lies Death Valley, 280 feet below sea level. It is the lowest point in the whole of North America. (Chapter1, p6) 15．The three river systems in the USA are the system of the Gulf of Mexico, the system of the Atlantic Ocean and the system of the Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p8) 16．The world-famous Niagara Falls (尼亚加拉瀑布) is located on the US-Canadian boundary between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. (Chapter1, p8) 17.The 17.The five five five Great Great Great Lakes Lakes Lakes lying lying lying between between between the the the boundary boundary boundary of of of Canada Canada Canada and and and the the the USA USA USA are are are : : : Lake Lake Michigan （密歇根或密执安湖）, Lake Superior （苏必利湖）, Lake Ontario （安大略湖）（安大略湖）, Lake Huron （休伦湖）（休伦湖） and Lake Erie （伊利湖）（伊利湖）(Chapter1, p8) 18．UK ：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(Chapter 1, p1) 19．USA: The United States of America (Chapter 1, p1) 20．EU ：The European Union (Chapter 1, p9) 21．The Grampians: It lie in the highlands of Scotland. It is the largest mountain range in the UK in which there are four high mountains, all of which are more than 1000 meters high and two of which are the highest in the UK. (Chapter 1, p4) Celtic Tribes. (Chapter2, p12\13) In order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the Romans built a wall, called Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s Wall, , 410-871, the the the Germanic Germanic Germanic tribes latter are: are: are: the the the Angles, Angles, Angles, Saxons Saxons Saxons and and Jutes. (Chapter2, p14) The Indians living in America originated from Asia some 25000 years ago. (Chapter2, p18) Christopher Columbus. (Chapter2, p19) the new continents: the Spanish, the English and the French. (Chapter2, p19-20) The Spanish autumn of of of 1620, 1620, 1620, 73 “Mayflower”“Mayflower”. (Chapter2, p21) . (Chapter2, p21) Thanksgiving is now observed throughout the USA, this holiday began in 1621 as a way Opposed to what was perceived as British oppression, colonial leaders held the First Continental Congress in 1774 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania(Thomas Jefferson drafted Declaration of Independence, which the congress adopted on In 1803, the USA purchased Louisiana from Napoleon for $15,000,000. (Chapter2, p23) the US-Mexican US-Mexican US-Mexican War 14.The 14.The Hawaii, Hawaii, Hawaii, which The USA today is the fourth largest country in size in the world. (Chapter 2, p23) The Hundred Y ears’ War happened between England and France . (Chapter 3, p28) The more important phase of medieval Anglo-French hostility began in 1337 and ended in 1353, and is known as the Hundred Years’ war . (Chapter 3, p28) )is also called the Great Charter. (Chapter3, p28) Shakespeare’s drama Henry VI reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, The 2 results of the Enclosure Movement are the primitive accumulation of capital and the 6.The 6.The Industrial Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution Revolution started started started during ．The Chartist Movement flourished most in conditions of economic depression and reached petition, The People’s Charter ,, was drawn up in 1837. (Chapter3, p34) George Washington was the first president of the USA, and was inaugurated on April 301789. (Chapter3, p39) In 1852, a novel Uncle Tom’s s Cabin was written and published in the US, it aroused a great and the whole capitalist world to its foundation. This is the Great Depression. (Chapter3, p47) ．Margaret Margaret Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher was reputation as “the iron lady”. She belongs to the Conservative Party. The Thatcher Era refers to the Silicon valley (London, on the north bank of the Thames , is one of the world’s leading banking and The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh. (Chapter 5, p75) 3.The capital city of Wales is Cardiff. (Chapter 5, p75) 4.The capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast. (Chapter 5, p76) The Statue of Liberty (152meters high) was given by French people as a gift to New York City. (Chapter5, p77) Chicago is the largest industrial city and the second largest city in terms of population in Hollywood , the base of the film industry located in Los Angeles, is a world famous film ． Detroit Detroit, the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. , the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. San Francisco locates in in in Boston Boston Boston aera. aera. ) of the UK is the Parliament(is the Congress () in the UK is the House of Lords(贵族院或上院). 3.The supreme judicial body in the USA is the Supreme Court. (Chapter6, p93) The currency of the UK is Sterling(There are three major parties in Britain today. They are the Conservative Party(the Labour Party and the Social and Liberal Democrats Party (2. The party system of the UK is a two-party one. (Chapter7, p101) In the UK, The Conservative Party is the party of the right(donkey and elephant . (Chapter7, p104) Every Every 5 5 5 years years years a major parties: parties: parties: the the the Conservative Conservative Conservative Party Party Party and and and the the the Labour Labour Labour Party. Party. Party. (Chapter7, The five American agricultural belts are the belt of cheese(), the belt of wheat, the belt of corn, the belt of cotton and the belt of fruits, vegetables etc. (Chapter8, p120-121) is the the the The The The New New New Y Y ork Stock Stock Exchange(Exchange(horticulture(．The The Bank Bank Bank of of of England England England is is is the The Federal Reserve System is the US federal banking system and note issue authority, eighteen. All children must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age five to sixteen. That is, English children begin their schooling from 5 years old. (Chapter10, p138) The four most famous schools of all are Eaton College(College and Rugby School. (Chapter10, p138) In the US, many children begin their school education at the age of six, usually graduate from high school at the age of 18 . (Chapter10, p139) UK is is is Oxford Oxford Oxford University. University. University. Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge University University University was was was established 1284. (Chapter10, p141) ．Tutorial Tutorial system system system is is is one There are three academic degrees in Britain: t he Bachelor’s (), t h e Master’s he Master’s ()and the Doctor’s degree. (Chapter10, p142) Open Open University University University is )is the founder of Christianity. (Chapter11, p148) Church of England is a denomination of Christianity or Protestant Church. (Chapter 11, Protestant and Catholic . (Chapter11, p149) In the UK, the most important denomination is the Church of England. It is also called the “Anglican Church” (are over over over 3000 3000 3000 religious are are Protestants, Protestants, Protestants, 24% Roman Catholics. That is, over three-fifth of all American religious people belongs to Christianity. The national flag of the UK is Union Jack or Union Flag. (Chapter 16, p206-207) The Stars and Stripes has 50 stars and 13 stripes on it. (Chapter16, p208) 17, p220) 3、NHS（国家卫生服务体系）：The National Health Service(Chapter18, p226) 。
英美概况期末考试复习资料
《英美概况》期末考试复习资料Explanation of termsThe Easter Rebellion of 1916: In 1916, Irish nationalists, with German aid, staged an armed rebellion in Dublin, which marked the beginning of Irish War of Independence.Euroscepticism: a general term for opposition to the process of European Integration.Europeanism: the concept of, or assertion, that the people of Europe have a distinct collective cultural identity within the larger context of Western culture, where the culture and politics of United States often dominatesBaby Boom: A sudden, large increase in the birthrate, especially the one in the United States after World War II from 1947 through 1961. Megalopolis : a small set of great constellations of polycentric urban zones, each complexly interlocked socially and physically with its neighbors.The Cold War：the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. Hate CrimesWords or actions motivated by the race, religion, ethnicity or sexual bias of the victim.American DreamA phrase connoting hope for prosperity and happiness, symbolized particularly by having a house of one’s own. At first ap plied to the hopes of immigrants, the phrase now applies to all except the very rich and suggests a confident hope that one’s children’s economic and social condition will be better than one’s own.William the ConquerorWilliam was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.the Emancipation ProclamationDuring the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.Answering questionsWhat is the relationship between the British parliament and the cabinet?(1)The parliament is sovereign in legislative which examines and controls the cabinet.(2)The cabinet is responsible to the parliament.(3)Once losing the support of the parliament(getting a vote of no confidence), the cabinet has to either resign or suggest the monarch to dissolve the parliament and hold the General election ahead of schedule.Talk about the checks and balance between the three branches of American government.(chapter 9 PPT Page44-45)the president v.s. Congress:1.Only when the president signs, can a proposed law be put into effect. The president can veto it, but if 2/3 of Congress members vote in favor of it, the law will be passed.2.Only when the Senate approves, can the president make foreign treaties and appoint government officials.3.Congress can appropriate money and levy taxes.4.The president shall report to Congress annually----the president’s State of Union address.5.Congress can impeach and remove the president.6.The president is not responsible to Congress, but to the voters. Members of Congr ess or government officials can’t hold office in both branches. The president has no right to dissolve Congress.Congress v.s. the courts1.If the Supreme Court confirms a passed law as unconstitutional, the lawwill be no longer in effect.2.Congress can impeach the judges, create lower federal courts. President v.s. the courts1.The president appoints the justices of the Supreme Court, can grant pardons to federal offenders (impeachment excluded), meanwhile the justices hold office for life unless impeached.2.The Supreme Court can declare the president’s executive order invalid if it considers the order as unconstitutional.The Norman Conquest’s consequencesThe Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history.a. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.b. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.c. After Norman invasion, a variant of Old English (a variety of Germanic dialects) was developed without many word changes and with a large number of new vocabulary from Latin, French and Old English.d. The king was bound by the feudal customs and the common law.e. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. But this was also the beginning of the centuries’long struggle between the English king and the Pope.Talk about the Wars of the Roses and their influences.The War of the Roses refers to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory in 1485 and put the country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.Talk about the content and significance of the New Deal.The New Deal was a program of “Relief, Recovery and Reform” for a series of economic and social changes in the US.Its goals were to help people who had lost their jobs or their property as a result of the Great Depression, to fund farmers and form a framework of public works.It laid the foundation for a national system of old-age, unemployment and disability insurance.The New Deal was a major turning point in American history by establishing the federal government’s strong role in the nation’s economic affairs.Explain ThatcherismMrs. Thatcher firmly believed in self-reliance and privatization. Her polices are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It includes the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the reduction of taxes, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. Under her leadership politics in the UK became much more right-wing.Talk about the influence of the Vietnam War on the US.The Vietnam War had profound effects on American society and US foreign policy.The war had polarized many of America’s young people who increasingly become more disillusioned and radical during the war.As public distrust of the government’s foreign policy increased, Americans showed growing concern over the neglected areas of domestic policy. Inflation, the direct result of the cost of the Vietnam War, was the worst the nation had experienced since WWII.The war had adverse effects for the US internationally as well. While the US devoted billions of dollars annually to military expenditures, the Japanese economy developed at an unprecedented rate. European nations doubted America’s reliability, and revolutionary leaders in the developing nations mocked America’s policies.。
英美概况复习资料
Material for Review of the Introduction to the UK and USA I .T r a ns l ate t h e f o ll owi n g ter m s i nt o E n g li s h or C h inese:1. boarder2. U top i a3. c i vi l se r va nt s4. D oo m sday Boo k5. G e tty s b ur g Add r e ss6. Lo ui s i a n a Pur c h a se7. comp ul sory f u ll-t im e ed u ca tion8. H o u se o f L a n cas t e r9. R o u n dh eads10. t h e Br iti s h I s l es11.infant’s sch o ol12. Thomas R obert M a l thu s13. by l aw14. t h e di v i n e ri g ht of k i ng s15. Am e r i c a n C i vi l W a r16. Bo e in g Aircra ft Compan y17. bo a r d i ng sc h oo l18. Tudor Mon a r c h y19. Rump P a r l i a ment20. Lo w l a nd Br i tain 21. the G r e at C e n t r a l Pl a in22. e l e v e n plu s23. li on's s h a r e24. Eu r o p e a n C om munit y25. D a r k A g es26. P r o cl a m at i o n o f Em a n cipation27. E t o n C o ll e g e28. Pilgrimage29. D i g g e r s30. Hi ghl a nd Bri t ain1. 最高法院2. 宪章运动3. 保守党4. 珍珠港5. 大陆会议6. 洛迦诺公约7. 异教徒8. 火药阴谋9. 保皇派10.-格林威治皇家天文台11. 阿拉斯加12. 人民宪章13. 工党14. 冷战15. 独立宣言.16. 就业法17. 三年法18. 短期议会19. 议会派20. 英伦三岛21. 夏威夷22. 光荣的孤立23. 服务业〈第三产业)24. 国务卿25. 自由之子26. 工会法27. 大抗议书28. 残余议会29. 威廉一世30. 君主立宪II. Choose the best answer from a, b, c and d:1. The n a m e Great B r it a in was not app li e d t o t hi s l a r g e is l a n d u nt il the____ce n t u ry.a.13t hb.15thc.17t hd.18th2. T h e s tat e c h u rc h，th a t i s，C h ur c h o f E ng l and i s s a i d____in n a tu r e.a. C a t h o l icb. Ang li c a nc. Pr ote stantd. Pr es b yt e ri a n3. W h ic h of t h e f o ll ow in g s t atemen t s c a n b est d e s c ri b e K in g J o h n (1199-1216)?a. H e h a d a ba d r e pu ta ti on befo r e he was c r own e d，a n d h e q u a rr e le d wit h th e Po p e ov e r th e a ppo i ntme n t o f t h earchbishop o f C a nt e r b ur y.b. Wa r fa r e w ith F rance res u lted in t h e loss o f mo s t o f E n g l and's h o ld i n gs i n F r a n ce, s o h e got the n i ckn a m eJ o h n L a c kl a nd.c. bot h a a n d bd. non e of t h e abov e4. C hri stian i ty，o n e o f t h e g r eat world r e li gion s，r e ga rd e d as h avi n g b ee n f o un ded b y____, i n t h e fir s t c e n t uryA.D. ，h as two t e x tbo o k s: t h e O ld and N e w T esta m e nt s.a. Mo h a m me db. G a u t a m ac. J esus Ch ristd. Po pe5. W h i c h o f t he fo ll ow ing i s t h e f ound e r o f mod e rn n ur s i ng?a. R i c h a rd Ar k wrightb. Will i a m G l a d sto n ec. F l orence N ig h t i ng a l ed. C h ar l es D a r w in6. According t o th e tex tb o o k, w hich o f t h e fo llo w ing statements is included in the American dream?a. T h o se w ho wo rk h a rd ca n b eco m e r i c h o ve rni g ht.b. Equ a l c h a n ce f or ever yon e.c. Equ a l p ay f o r a ll t h ose wh o wo rk h a rd. d. fre e dom of speec h.7. Which of t h e f o l l ow in g i s n o t included in the 13 colonies?a. Sou t h C a ro lin a, Nort h Caro li n a, Rhode I slandb. Del a w a r e, New Hamp s hir e, P e nns y lv a n i ac. Maryland, Co nn ecticut, New J e rs e yd. Massa c h usetts, V i rg i nia, G e or g i a8. L a r ge n u mb ers o f fr o n t i e r sme n m ov e d we s tward, t he Maj o r i ty of th e m____.a. tr ave le d b y s t ea mb oa t sb. t ra ve le d a l o n g ru g g e d r oads, d r i ving t h e i r wagonsc. tr a v e l b y ca r sd. we nt on r a ft s9. W i t h____ca m e W o rl d W ar II a nd t h e U S ，a t f irs t o n l y a so ur ce o f arms，i n 1941，a ft e r t he J a pa n ese attac k on P ea r l H ar b o r，j o in e d th e ____ join in c rush i n g t h e____pow e rs.a.1940 ，Axi s ，Alli esb.1939, A x i s, Alli esc. 1940 ，All i es ，A x i sd. 1939, A ll i es, A x i s10. T h e ex e c u tive b r an c h of t h e g ove rnm e nt is h e a d e d b y____, e l ec t e d with th e Vi ce-Pr es ident i n n a tion a le l ect i ons a t____in te rv a l s.a. Congre ss, 6-yearb. th e P r e s i de nt, 4-ye a rc. t h e S u pr e me C o u r t, 4-yea rd. t h e P resi d e nt, 5-y ear11. Which of the following is the most important river in England?a. the Severnb. the Thamesc. the Trentd. the Great Ouse12. Which of the following is the earliest natives in Britain?a. Romansb. Celtsc. Jutesd. Anglo-Saxons13. Which of the following statements is true of the English Lollards?a. Followers of Wycliffe, Oxford reformers, and they demanded reformation of the churchb. They became absorbed into the Protestant movement in the 16th centuryc. both a and bd. none of the above14. Britain’s cotton textile industry developed rapidly by the____century.a. 19thb. 18thc. 16thd. 17th15. Which of the following is not a title of the English nobility?a. dukeb. earlc. viscountd. knight16. Which of the following is a national holiday observed on the 4th Thursday in November in the US? It was firstcelebrated in 1621 by the Pilgrim Fathers.a. Independence Dayb. Mother’s Dayc. Thanksgiving Dayd. Memorial Day17. Which of the following is the historic core of the US, and the area of original settlement, and are today one ofthe centers of population and industry?a. Middle Atlantic statesb. Middle Westc. New Englandd. Southern states18. The____branch of the government is headed by the president, elected with the Vice-president in nationalelections at____intervals.a. legislative, 6-yearsb. executive, 4-yearc. judiciary, 4-yeard. executive, 5-year19. The Seven Years’ War broke out in 1756 was a war between France and ____.a. Indianb. Britainc. Italyd. America20. The most prestigious universities in the US are____, ____and____.a. Harvard in New Jersey, Yale in Cambridge, Princeton in New Havenb. Harvard in Cambridge, Yale in New Haven, Princeton in New Jerseyc. Harvard in New Haven, Yale in Cambridge, Princeton in New Yorkd. Yale in New Haven, Harvard in New York, Colombia in Cambridge21. Which o f t h e f o ll owin g i s th e s m a ll est b o th i n a r ea a nd popul at i o n of t h e i s l a nd of G r ea t B ri t a in?a. Scotlandb. W a lesc. E n g l a n dd. Ir e l a n d22. W hi c h o f t h e fo ll o w ing stat e m e nt s is not c h a r a c t e r i st i c o f t h e Briti s h p eop l e's co n se r v a t i on?a. Th e y a r e r e lu c t a nt t o j o i n fr ee t a lk.b. T h ey oft e n r e fu se to m a k e s u dd e n c h a nge, a nd a r e e a s il y cl in g to w h at i s t r a d i t i on a l a nd f am ili a r.c. T h e i r old c ur r e n cy d i d n o t b eco m e d e c i ma l u n ti l 1971d. O ld b ui l d i n gs a r e c o ns id e r ed as a g l o r i o u s p l ace fo r off i ce.23. Wh ic h of t h e f o ll ow in g st a t eme n ts i s not t r u e of H enry II's r efo r m o f th e l aw?a. H e a rr ang e d t h e c ir c uit s of j ud ge s th r oug h o u t t h e cou n try.b. Th e ju d g e s ga v e t h e ir main a tt e n t i on to in v est i ga t i n g t h e b a r o ns' p rope r ty a n d a bu s e o f p r iv il e g e s.c. No o n e was to b e tri e d w i t h o u t t h e acc u s a t i on b y t h e juries.d. T h e p etty juri e s pract i ced t ri a l b y orde a l.24. Whi c h of t h e f o llow i n g s t a t em e nt s i s NOT c h arac t e r i s t i c of Eli za bet h I ?a. She i s t h e d a u g h ter o f Henry V III b y hi s seco n d w i fe Anne Bo l ey n.b. S h e e n co ur a ged E n g li s h a d ven turers to m a k e exp l ora tion s in Ame r ica a n d Afri ca.c. S h e wa nt e d to ma rr y on e of t h e F r e nch kin g's br o th e r s.d. S h e w as th e fo und a tion-l aye r o f t h e E n g l is h E m p ir e w h ic h was go in g to tak e s h a pe.25. The a r ea of th e so-ca ll e d su n-n ever-setting emp ir e wa s about____times as large as Great Britain.a. 135b. 110c. 100d. 9026. Decl a ration o f Ind epe nd e n c e was dr a w n up a nd a d o p ted b y_ t h e Seco nd Co n t in e n ta l Co ngr ess a t____a n doffici a ll y p a s se d o n J ul y 4, 1776. a. B o s t on b. P h i l ade lph ia c. New York d. W as hi n gto n, D. C.27. Wh i ch of th e f o ll ow i n g i s t h e reg i o n w h ere tob acco, r i ce a nd co t t on a r e th e c hi e f c r o p s ?a. N ew J e r sey, P e nn sy l va ni a, Delawa r eb. V irg in i a, Georg i a, A l a b ama, So u th Ca r o l in ac. T exas, Okl a h om ad. C a lif ornia, O r eg o n, Was hi ngton28. T h e____branch c on s ists o f Co n g r ess, an____body w hi c h compr i s es t h e S e na t e a n d t h e H o u se ofR e pr ese n tat i ves.a. l egis l at i ve, appoin t e db. e xec u t i v e, a p po int e dc. l eg i s l a ti ve, e l ec t edd. exec u t i ve, elec t e d29. T h e fir st Co n tine n t a l C on g r e ss co n ve n e d in____ was in sessio n f rom Septembe r 5 t o Octo b e r 26, ____.a. Phi ladel ph ia, 1774b. Bo s ton, 1774c. New Yo r k, 1776d. Phi l a d e l phi a, 177630. In th e U. S. the b e st el e m e ntar y a n d h i g h sc ho o l s are ____.a. p r ivate b oa rdi ng sc h oo l sb. p ubli c sc h oo l sc. gra mm ar s c h oo l sd. seco n da r y mode rn sc h oo l s1. 美国的五大湖汇经____河注入大西洋。
英美概况复习题
英美概况复习题英美概况复习题一、地理概况英美两国位于北美洲，英国位于欧洲西北部，英国是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家的联合王国，美国则是由50个州组成的联邦共和国。
英国是一个岛国，由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成，美国则是一个大陆国家，横跨北美洲。
英国的首都是伦敦，美国的首都是华盛顿特区。
二、历史概况英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的核心。
英国在16世纪经历了工业革命，成为世界上第一个工业化国家，对世界的政治、经济和文化产生了深远的影响。
美国则是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国殖民地的统治，成立了独立的美利坚合众国。
美国在19世纪经历了西进运动和内战，逐渐成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，但实际上政府的运作主要由首相和议会负责。
英国的议会制度是二院制，由上议院和下议院组成。
美国则是一个总统制国家，国家元首和政府首脑是同一人，即总统。
美国的议会制度是两院制，由参议院和众议院组成。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义经济体，以服务业为主导，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。
英国是世界上最大的外汇市场之一，伦敦也是全球金融中心之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，以多元化的经济结构闻名，制造业、金融业、科技业等都非常发达。
美国的纽约、洛杉矶等城市也是世界级的金融中心和商业中心。
五、文化概况英国和美国都有丰富的文化遗产。
英国是莎士比亚的故乡，拥有众多文学巨匠，如狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等。
英国的音乐、戏剧和电影产业也非常发达，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等都是英国的文化符号。
美国是好莱坞的发源地，拥有世界上最大的电影产业。
美国的音乐、文学和艺术也非常丰富多样，爵士乐、摇滚乐、现代艺术等都是美国的文化瑰宝。
六、教育体系英国和美国都拥有世界一流的教育体系。
英国的剑桥大学、牛津大学等享有盛誉，被认为是世界上最好的大学之一。
美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等也是世界顶尖的教育机构。
(完整word版)英美国家概况复习资料(word文档良心出品)
英美国家概况期末复习考试题型说明: 10个简答题和5个论述题。
一．简答题1.Wha.i.th.ful.nam.o.th.U.K.?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.ponent.o.th.Britis.Parliament?They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.3.Wh.di.Britai.cooperat.closel.wit.th.Unite.State.afte.Worl.Wa.Ⅱ.Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.mons?The three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.plet.academi.freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.6.Wha.ar.th.thre.categorie.o.Shakespeare’.play.an.thei.representatives?Shakespeare’edie.i nclud..Midsumme.Night’.Dream.Th.Merchan.o.Venice.A.Yo.Lik.I.an.Twelft.Night.Hi.majo.historica.play.includ.Richar.III.Henr.I.an.Anton.an.Cleopatra.Hi.grea.tragedie.ar.represente.b.Hamlet.Othello.Kin.Lear.Macbeth.an.Rome.an.Juliet.7.Wha.wer.Nixon'.well-know.contribution.durin.hi.presidency?Nixon made three well-known contributions:a) brought the Vietnam War to a close;b.reestablishin.U.S.relation.wit.China;c) negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the former Soviet Union.8.Wha.ar.th.tw.characteristic.o.th.U.S.Constitution?On.i."chec.an.balances".ernment.ar.specified.9.说出三个英国的节日Christmas, Easter and "Trooping the color"二. 论述题1.Wha.ar.th.characteristic.o.Englis.literatur.i.th.20t.century?Englis.literatur.i.th.20t.centur.ca.b.roughl.divide.int.tw.periods.Modernis.an.Postmodernism.Modernis.pre .o.innov ativ.form.o.expression.Modernis.writin.seem.unorganized.har.t.understand.I.ofte.portray.th.actio.for.th.view poin.o..singl.confuse.individual.rathe.tha.fro.th.viewpoin.o.all-knowing.impersona.narrato..Afte.Worl.Wa.II.postmodernis.begins.Postmodernis.differ.i.som.way.fro.Modernism.Modernism.fo.example.tend.t.presen..fra mente.a..loss.Pos men.th.ide.o.fragmentatio.bu.rathe.celebrate.i..Modernist.loo.fo.burie.meanin.belo.confusin.surfaces.whil.postmodernist.abando.tha.search.However.ther.ar.stil.man.postwa.writer.wh.continu.traditi ona.themes.2.Wh.i.th.Unite.State.regarde.a.."meltin.pot.an.."salad"?Th.Unite.State."i.no.merel..natio.bu..natio.o.nations".Th.immigrant.cam.i.waves.includin.th.Europeans.th.A ns.Therefore.Americ.wa.describe.a.."bin e.int.on.culture.Recently.American.hav.bee.calle.."salad.i.tha.peopl.o.differen.race.an.ethni.group.mi.harmoni ousl.bu.a.th.sam.tim.kee.thei.distinc.cultur.an.custom.3.Wha.wa.th.caus.o.th.America.Civi.War?(可能该题考简答)Th.issu.o.slaver.wa.th.focu.o.America.politics.economic.an.cultura.lif.b.th.mid-19t.century.Th.souther.plant borer.t.manag.thei.plantation.an.the.regarde.th.blac.slave.a.thei.property.I.th.North bor.What'.pro ernmen.t.financ.th.buildin.o.railway.an.roads.bu.th.Southerner.wer.strongl.agains.i.an.advocate.fre.trad.s.tha.the.coul.purchas.cheape.good.fro.foreig.countries.Th.accumulatin.conflict.le.t.th.divisio.o.th.Nort.an.th.Sout.an.finall.th.Civi.War.4.Ho.i..Presiden.vote.int.offic.i.America.Wha.ar.you.idea.abou.th.America.election?..Eac.part.hold.it.nationa.conventio.ever.fou.year.t.choos..candidat.fo.th.presidency.T.wi..presidentia.election..c lion.o.dollars.trave.al.ove.th.countr.t.mak.speeches.an.debat.o.televisio.wit.th.rival.Th.gen era.electio.i.technicall.divide.int.tw.stages.Durin.th.firs.stage.presidentia.elector.fo.eac.stat.wil.b.chosen.I.th.sec on.stag.th.elector.mee.an.vot..President.Sinc.th.secon.stag.i.onl..kin.o.formality.everyon.know.wh.wil.b.th.nex.P residen.a.soo.a.th.firs.stag.i.over..thin.th.candidate.spen.to.muc.mone.o.th.electora.campaign.However.th.electio.ca.no.solv.th.socia.an.economi. problem.a.som.candidate.d.no.kee.thei.wor.afte.the.becom.President..groundwor.fo.America'.economi.development?Th.U.S.Constitution.a.a.economi.charter.establishe.tha.th.entir.nation.wa..unifie.o."common.market.Ther.merc.wit.foreig.ws.creat.mone.an.regulat.it.value.fi.standard.o.weight.a s.mentione.claus.wa.a.e arl.recognitio.o.th.importanc.o."intellectua.property"..matte.tha.bega.assumin.grea.importanc.i.trad.negotia t.20t.century.6.Wha.ar.th.characteristic.o.America.writin.durin.th.Romanti.period?Durin.th.Romanti.period.mos.o.th.America.writing.place.a.increasin.emphasi.o.th.fre.expressio.o.emotions.an.th e.displaye.a.increasin.attentio.t.th.psychi.stat.o.thei.characters.The.celebrate.America’.landscap.wit.it.virgi.for ests.meadows.endles.prairies.stream.an.vas.oceans.Th.Romanti.writer.ha..stron.tendenc.t.exal.th.individua.an.th .commo.man.。
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一，英美概况英国综述1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet12. The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa s ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII二，英美概况英国地理部分1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18018. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30031. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9038. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. England三，英美概况英国历史部分1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’et atB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow40. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hu ndred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. Poland四，英美概况英国教育部分1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 183. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. T he pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford五，英美概况英国社会生活部分1. Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony.A. churchB. concertC. registry office2. House prices are _____ in Britain.A. lowB. affordableC. high3. British food is _____.A. unlimitedB. abundantC. limitedD. changeable4. Newly wedded couples are _____ to have a baby.A. eagerB. unwillingC. not eager5. The British people usually have a small quantity of _____ as a first course.A. soupB. sweetC. vegetable6. The best-known quality of the British people is their _____.A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. phlegm7. The English sense of humour is _____.A. self-madeB. self-deprecatingC. self-respect8. English people do not laugh at the following except _____.A. a misfortuneB. a failureC. a crippleD. own faults9. The right to privacy and personal freedom is _____ by the British.A. disturbedB. unquestionedC. not allowedD. questionable10. Three “Don’ts” include the following except _____.A. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while shoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults11. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____.A. priceB. taxC. weatherD. sports12. Three “ings” include the following except _____.A. bettingB. drinkingC. tippingD. bargaining13. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _____.A. horse racingB. BingoC. football poolsD. dog racing14. The three royal traditions are the following except _____.A. playing the fluteB. the changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racing15. Playing the flute is a tradition inherited from _____.A. Queen VictoriaB. Queen ElizabethC. Mary I16. John Bull denoted a frank, uneasy, funny _____ called John Bull in the 17th century.A. ladyB. boyC. gentlemanD. young man17. During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks of paid holiday.A. fourB. fiveC. three18. State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays.A. sixB. sevenC. five19. St. Patrick’s Day and Orangeman’s Day are the holidays only spent in _____.A. EnglandB. WalesC. ScotlandD. N. I.20. _____ is basically a home and family festival.A. ChristmasB. Boxing DayC. Easter Monday21. The purely personal festival in Britain is _____.A. Mothers’ DayB. Fathers’ DayC. birthday22. Boxing Day is on _____.A. the first weekday after ChristmasB. the following day of ChristmasC. the last Sunday of December23. The festival which celebrates a historical event is _____.A. Good FridayB. Remembrance DayC. Guy Fawkes Day24. New Year’s Day is more important than Christmas to the _____.A. IrishB. EnglishC. ScotsD. welsh25. _____ commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and Easter Sunday the resurrection.A. Easter MondayB. Good FridayC. Christmas26. The birthday of the _____ is a National Day in Britain.A. head of the House of CommonsB. British MonarchC. Prime Minister27. The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few _____ coins hidden in it.A. goldB. silverC. copper28. Armistice Day is on _____ when the British remember the millions of people who died in the two world wars.A. November 11thB. April 21stC. December 31st29. Wages mean a payment usually of money for labour or services according to contract and on the following basis except _____.A. hourlyB. dailyC. monthlyD. piecework30. The British people traditionally like to live in _____.A. high buildingsB. small housesC. big houses31. At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment.A. sixtyB. sixty-fiveC. fifty-five32. Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni.A. 6thB. 7thC. 8th33. Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9th34. Christianity came into being in the _____ century.A. firstB. secondC. third35. Christianity consists of the following except _____.A. CatholicismB. Jewish ChurchC. ProtestantismD. Orthodox Eastern Church36. One of the Free Churches _____ is also called the Society of Friends.A. the BaptistB. QuakersC. the Methodist37. The Church of England is also called _____.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the CongregationalC. the Salvation ArmyD. Puritanism38. The Church of England came into being during the _____.A. Glorious RevolutionB. Industrial RevolutionC. European Reformation六，英美概况英国政治体制部分1. The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3. The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is _____.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet6. The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five7. The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 6358. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are _____.A. hereditaryB. appointedC. elected9. The quorum in the House of Commons is _____ members.A. thirtyB. fortyC. forty-five10. The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown14. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about _____.A. 40B. 20C. 3015. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister17. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker18. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _____.A. GovernmentB. OppositionC. Privy Council19. London, because of its special location, is divided into _____ boroughs and the city of London.A. 20B. 12C. 3221. The following persons except _____ have no right to vote.A. certified lunaticsB. criminalsC. government employeesD. peers who have seats in the Lords22. In England and Wales, the jury consists of _____ people in criminal and civil cases.A. fifteenB. twelveC. seven23. Legally any citizen aged from _____ to _____ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury.A. 16, 60B. 18, 65C. 18, 6024. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _____.A. Chief ConstableB. ChairmanC. Mayor25. A _____ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel.A. barristerB. solicitorC. lawyer26. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for _____.A. one yearB. two yearsC. six years27. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _____.A. the Queen’s Bench DivisionB. the Criminal DivisionC. the Chancellor DivisionD. the Family Division28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _____.A. RoundheadsB. LoyalistsC. the Whigs七，英美概况美国地理部分3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence11. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14. About _____ of the world’s annual agricultur al products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321. Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23. The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26. About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except _____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628. Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo30. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32. The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____, providing _____ percent of the total output each year.A. Pittsburgh, 60B. Chicago, 50C. New York, 6033. The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34. Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35. ¬_____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36. In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38. The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the Pacific八，英美概况美国历史部分1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the “Intolerable Acts”B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S. won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/320. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Wash ington’s administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called “_____”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4548. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versaills TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programme of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War。