科技英语练习及答案

一、科技英语句子的修辞

✧修改以下句子:

✧ 1. The total area under natural protection reaches 19330 hectares, and which account for

2.01% of the total area of China.

✧ 2. The boil point of the solution is higher than any of its separate components.

✧ 3. Using triethanolamine (三乙醇胺）as absorption solution to capture various air

pollutants simultaneously in one sample, it’s absorption efficiency is high.

✧ 4. Chinese traditional herbal medicine takes a high proportion on the pharmaceutical

market and are being more and more emphasized, so that the supply is smaller than the demand.

✧ 5. Some microorganisms can survive under extreme environments, for example, a lot of

microorganisms were found in sea and saline lakes.

✧ 6. That happened later indicated that this endothermic reaction may alleviate the breakage

of a filament due to denitrogenation during the carbonization stage. （随后发生的现象表明，该吸热反应可能会减缓由碳化阶段的脱氮反应所引起的细小纤维的断裂。)

答案：

✧ 1.改为：The total area under natural protection reaches 19330 hectares, which accounts

for …

✧/ …, representing 2.01% of the territorial area of China.

✧/…, being 2.01% of the territorial area of China.

✧ 2. The boil point of the solution is higher than that of any of its separate components.

✧ 3. 悬垂修饰语错误。改为By using triethanolamine (三乙醇胺）as absorption solution

to capture various air pollutants simultaneously in one sample, higher absorption efficiency can be obtained.

✧ 4. 此句犯有用词不当，主谓不一致等错误，可改为Chinese traditional herbal medicine

takes a large proportion in the pharmaceutical market, which is still growing, leading to the situation that its supply falls short of demand.

✧ 5. survive为及物动词，后面的under可以去掉。或者把survive改为live。

✧ 6.句首的that 应该改为what。that和what都能引导名词性从句，但前者只起连接词

的作用，而后者再从句中作主语，二者不能互换。

二、被动态

✧翻译下面具有被动态特征的句子：

✧ 1.对待检流感病毒样品进行了逆转录和扩增、荧光标记、杂交和扫描分析。（reverse

transcription, amplification, fluorescent dye labeling, hybridization and scanning)。

✧ 2.所有含氯氟烃（CFCs）或类似物质的产品必须一律贴上标签，而且禁止使用一切

消耗臭氧的非必需品。

✧ 3.风速是用米/秒来表示的。

✧ 4.这种肺炎是由病毒和真菌引起的。

✧ 5.虽然病原体（pathogens)表现出惊人的对抗主体防御的能力，但是它们之间的斗争

可以看做是一场无休无止的军备竞赛。

✧ 6.因此，这种机制可理解为变构调节( allosteric regulation )。

✧7.人的免疫系统(innate immune system)一直被认为是“低技术含量的免疫系统”。直到

现在我们才理解先天免疫力具有重要的分子特性。

✧8.目前已分离出的H5N1病毒是否保留了这个特性还有待证实。

✧9.据估计，人的疾病有40%是由细菌感染引起的。

✧10.他们声称这种DNA聚合酶(DNA polymerase)的持续合成能力(processivity)的提高

使反应时间大大缩短。(allow)

答案：

✧ 1. Influenza virus sample was treated for reverse transcription, amplification, fluorescent

dye labeling, hybridization and scanning.

✧ 2. Warning labels must be placed on all products containing CFCs or similar substances

and non-essential uses of ozone-depleting products are prohibited.

✧ 3. The speed of wind is expressed in meters by second.

✧ 4. This kind of pneumonia is caused by viruses and fungi.

✧ 5. Although pathogens display a remarkable ability to outmaneuver host defenses, this

struggle has been described as a never–ending arms race.

✧ 6.This mechanism could therefore be interpreted as an allosteric regulation.

✧7.The innate immune system had always been vi ewed as the “low-tech immune system”.

Only now do we understand that innate immunity has significant molecular specifity.

✧8. Whether currently isolated H5N1 viruses have retained this property remains to be

determined/ seen/analyzed.

✧9. It was estimated that forty percent of human diseases are the result of infection by

bacteria.

✧10. They claimed that the increased processivity of this DNA polymerase allows reaction

times to be reduced.

三、

✧一、用分词或分词短语翻译划线部分。

✧(1) 氢是已知元素中最轻的。

✧Hydrogen is the lightest element ___________.

✧(2) 这个问题一直没有得到解答。

✧The question remains ___________________.

✧(3) 晶体管体积小、重量轻，优于真空管。

✧___________, transistors have advantages over vacuum tubes.

✧(4) 速度等于距离除以时间。

✧Speed equals distance ____________.

✧(5) 电压等于电流乘以电阻。

✧V oltage equals current_____________.

✧(6) 这个力很小，可以忽略不计。

✧__________, this force can be neglected.

✧(7) 若用公式来表示,欧姆定律可写成V=IR。

✧________, Ohm’s law can be written as V=IR.

✧(8) 水能和许多物质结合形成水合物。

✧Water combines with many other substances, _____________.

✧(9) 空气阻力随速度的增加而增加。

✧The resistance of air increases _____________.