同义词替换词全集

同义词替换词全集　国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式
名词
1things that one tries hard
to do one's undertakings/ one's commitments
2The fact is that…The reality is that…
3joy happiness/ delight/ enjoyment 4sadness sorrow/ grief
5danger hazard/ peril
(后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous；hazardous
6education ≈schooling
（指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringi ng是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing；而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.
7advertisement/ advertising 如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/
advertising有多郁闷。

其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135****，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者no n-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告）
8car automobile
9economic crisis economic
meltdown（很接近）/recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great
Depression（这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）
10famous people celebrities （单数为celebrity）
11human
beings（备考生使用过多
）
humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数
指人文学科）/the human race
12wealth fortune(s)
（fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）
13[相关] rich wealthy/ affluent (adj.)
14skill
≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能
或者方法，而不是technology科技)
15[派生] skilled adept/ adroit (adj.)
16method methodology
(国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是m ethod的故作高深版）
17field sphere/ domain/ arena 18understanding of≈ grasp of/ command of 19choice option
20cooperation≈collaboration
21basic structure in a city or
a country infrastructure
22tiredness for a long time fatigue
23is a must of is a prerequisite for （是……的必备先决条件）
24the Internet≈the information
highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几
次是常事儿)
25honesty≈integrity
26strong belief faith (in)
27aim intention
28worries anxieties
(是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）
29influence impact/ repercussion/ implication
30influence on each other mutual influence（类似的表达还有mutual
respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B
31many different kinds of…a variety of…/ a wide array of…/ a wide range of…
32wrong ideas held by many
people misconceptions
33fame prestige/ sterling reputation 34range≈spectrum
35sense≈ recognition
36part component
（这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）
37wise[相关] sensible (adj.) 38gap disparity
39a system for a particular
purpose≈ a mechanism for…
40 a solution to sth.a remedy for sth.
（生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）
41bad students ≈ unruly students/ disruptive students
42bad behavior unethical behavior/ immoral behavior
43organizations that help
poor people charities/ charitable organizations
44difference distinction
45[派生] be different from be distinct from (adj.)
46person individual
47personality≈ disposition
48businesses enterprises（这里指企业）49prices that are too high exorbitant prices
50the rate of…the incidence
of…（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployme nt/ crime/ a disease）
51intense enthusiasm zeal/ passion
52cultural
globalization（有过多人
使用这个词）global cultural homogenization
53 a thing that is necessary a necessity
54a thing that is new and
interesting a novelty
55 a thing that is rare a rarity
56things that people are not
sure about uncertainties
57 a world language a universal language
58friends companions
59relaxation≈ recreation
60self-respect≈ self-esteem and dignity
61respect sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard
62[反义] look down on…treat … with contempt = despise (v.) 63self-control self-discipline
64criminal convict
65prisoner inmate
66drinks≈ alcoholic beverages
67people who walk on the
street pedestrians
68old generations in history ancestors
69a person who benefits
from sth. a beneficiary of sth.
70a disease that spreads
quickly
an epidemic （注意这个词虽然是-
ic结尾，却不是形容词）
71a very unpleasant way of
life misery
72a task that requires lots of
effort an arduous task
73emotion≈ sentiment
74enemy≈ opponent/ foe
75narrow minds insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）
76 a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.
77hobby≈ pastime/ diversion
78progress progression
（经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/ technology的话题）
79failure
setback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格
）
80importance
significance（当你用了一次importance之后
，第二次不妨用这个）
81duty obligation（用于比较重要的责任）
82difficulty hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles
83pressure from your
classmates peer pressure
84citizens who can work labor force/
workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）
85problems or diseases that
exist for a long time persistent problems/ chronic diseases
86a life without regular
exercise a sedentary lifestyle
87result consequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）88thoughts≈ considerations
89the lack of knowledge ignorance
（注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）
90harm (n.)adverse effect
91harm (vt.)damage destroy/ ruin
（这两个词比damage程度更重）spoil（后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/
environment）undermine
（后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize
（后面跟抽象概念，比如one's future/ one's career）tarnish （后面跟one's reputation/ image）sap/ dampen （后面跟one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）
92[派生] harmful detrimental (adj.)
93[派生] be harmful to
≈ pose a threat to
94bad luck misfortune
95trouble adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship
96crime offense/ criminal act
97youth crime≈ juvenile delinquency
98criminal offender/ ≈ culprit/ ≈ perpetrator
99serious crime heinous crime/ felony
100 a minor crime a misdemeanor
101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)
102the only one an exception
103places where animals live habitat
形容词
104worrying≈ disturbing
105very popular prevalent/ ubiquitous
106TRUE genuine (truly a genuinely)
107deep
profound （深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/
understanding/ impact/ thoughts）
108strong powerful/ mighty
109weak≈ vulnerable
110hard-working
industrious（注意不是industrial，而diligent那个
词在美语中是个挺大的词）
111very disappointing lamentable/ pathetic
112be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of) 113be not as good as be inferior to
114be better than be superior to
115uninteresting mundane
（注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum
116many numerous（注意要跟可数名词）117complicated intricate
118strange odd/ bizarre/
eccentric（单weird有点过于口语化了）
119cannot be turned back be irreversible 120produce useful results productive 121practical≈ realistic
122mature sophisticated
（这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）
123selfish self-centered/ materialistic 124proud （贬义）conceited
125suitable fitting
126most suitable optimal
127lonely isolated/ alienated
128alone solitary
129be easily influenced by
sth.
be susceptible to sth. （一般是坏事情，比如a
disease/ attacks）
130is better than is superior to 131not as good as…is inferior to
132be the same be identical/ be homogenous/ be
uniform（后面两个词比较正式，一般是说cultur al
globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅
的名词叫school
uniforms了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服
）
133interesting≈ stimulating
134boring≈ monotonous/ repetitive
135useless redundant
136smart intelligent
137famous renowned
138positive≈ desirable/ encouraging
139happy delighted
140enjoyable delightful
141can be used be available
142hard to understand bewildering/ baffling/ confusing
143(laws/ rules/ people)
not strict lenient
144healthy wholesome（注意说人的健康还是要用healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome ）
145good for the
envrionment
eco-friendly（比如Biking is far more eco-friendly
than driving their SUVs.）
146nervous/ anxious≈ apprehensive
147doubt sth.be skeptical about sth.
148fair≈ justified
149unfair≈ unwarranted/ unjustifiable
150huge enormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal
151small tiny/ miniscule（后面一般跟抽象名词）
152have many different
abilities be versatile/ be well-rounded
153be familiar with be well-acquainted with
154very successful/
admirable distinguished
155proper appropriate
156typical quintessential （这个语气非常强）
157exact precise/ ≈ accurate 158ugly unsightly
159poor-quality substandard (housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines)
160the present…the current…/ the existing…（比如the current financial crisis/ the existing environmental problems)
161outdated antiquated/ obsolete
162highly-respected esteemed
163complete(adj.)/ whole entire
164spend a lot of money lead an extravagant/ a lavish life
165open enlighted/ progressive
（开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容govern-ment 或者society）
166sth. must be carried out sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory
167with long history time-
honored（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如tradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）
168continuing forever perpetual
169important significant essential
vital(这三个词的重要性依次递增)
170very attractive very appealing/ fascinating/ captivating 171very careful cautious
172be very interested in be absorbed in/ be engrossed in
173be qualified for be eligible for
174disappointing frustrating
175wrong erroneous
176long and a bit
annoying lengthy
177very difficult daunting/ formidable
178being spread in
uncontrolled way
rampant （后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime,
pollution 或者discrimination）
179cruel≈ inhumane/ merciless
180fat overweight/ obese（后面这个已经胖出病了）
181having wrong opinions skewed/ biased
（这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）
182including many things comprehensive （综合的，全面的）
183enough adequate/ sufficient/ ample/
abundant（注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)
184too much excessive
185very little minimal （注意不是minimum）
186cause bad effects counterproductive
（其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它count erproductive)
187strict
stringent （后面一般跟laws,
measures或者rules）
188urgent pressing (problems)
189quiet tranquil and serene
（美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）动词
190make sth. strong strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth. 191make sth. weak weaken/ erode （侵蚀）
192make sth. better enhance/
better（很少看到国内考生用better当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达）
193make sth. worse aggravate/ exacerbate sth.
194control…(a negative
trend)curb…(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)
195stop cease
196manage sth.≈ regulate sth./oversee sth. 197appear emerge/ arise
（后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）198die out go extinct
199fail to see neglect/ overlook
200set…free release (prisoners/ stress)
201begin commence/ initiate
(后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)
202narrow/ bridge the gap
between A and
B(注意这里bridge作
动词）
[反义] widen the gap between A and B
203be forced to do sth.be compelled to do sth.
204keep complaining
about sth.grumble about sth.
205try hard to do sth.
≈pursue sth.(one's goal/one's career/ business
interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony)
206do sth.≈ perform/ conduct
（注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事”）
207do not do sth.refrain from doing sth.
208carry out implement
209turn…into…convert…to/ into…
210decrease
decline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/ dip/
slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降)
211make a crime
commit a crime（注意作文中不要用make a
crime这样不地道的英文）
212commit a crime again revert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）213punish penalize
214[派生]punishment penalty
215spread propagate/ disseminate
（这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief这类名词）
216develop fast flourish/ thrive
217develop
（这里作“培养”的
意思
cultivate/ foster/
nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名
词，比如an interest in social issues）
218[相关]fast-developing burgeoning
219accept
adopt（注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，
采纳的意思）
220build construct
221gather garner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen
222measure gauge, 比measure稍正式一点
223teach sth.≈impart sth./ inculcate
sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要替换）224start initiate 多用于政府类话题
225support espouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）
226praise≈ compliment/ extol（后面这个语气很强）227support≈ buttress/ bolster
228prove/ confirm verify
229create generate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity)
breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/
resentment）spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如s
pawn inventions/ innovations）230use≈ utilize/exploit
231use…again recycle
232work hard work assiduously
233get ≈acquire（注意acquire/ gain knowledge比learn
knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）
234consider contemplate/ reflect on/ ponder
235meet
encounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样
偏大一些的话题
236provide sth.afford sth.
（在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”
237need require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用requir e）
238like sth. very much ≈ have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.
239be unhappy about complain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.) 240ask for request
241raise
elevate，就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”
而不能表示抚养小孩的意思
242look like sth.resemble sth.
243treat…poorly mistreat…/ abuse…
244consider sth. valuable value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.
245keep ≈ maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）
246mix… together blend/ combine/ synthesize
247solve tackle/ combat/ address 248notice discern
249understand… to
mean…/ to be…
interpret…as…（很多时候这个词并不是口译，
而是把…理解为……）
250choose sth./ choose to
do sth.opt for sth./ opt to do sth.
251achieve fulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/
one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)
252appear in large
numbers sprout up/ mushroom
253make… less serious relieve/ ease/
alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）
254pay…for (one's loss)compensate…for…
255pay…for (one's effort)reward…for…
256make sth. faster accelerate sth./ speed up sth. 257join participate in
258outweight prevail
over（大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事
物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）
259contribute to promote/
facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to）
260prevent the
development of…hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct…
261find out≈ identify
262encourage sb. to…≈motivate sb. to…263like sth. very much adore sth.
264dislike sth. very much abhor/ detest/ loathe
265hate resent/ hold a grudge against 266limit restrict/ constrain
267avoid≈ bypass/ eschew/ shun
268is not limited to…is not restricted to…/ is not confined
to…（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）
269be so surprised be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled
270decide determine
271move to…relocate to…/ have been relocated to…
272come from…originate from/ in…
273improve
boost/ enhance（比如boost solidarity增进团结/
enhance productivity提高生产率）
274waste use… lavishly
275attack assail （语气更强烈）
276reduce
curtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish（多
用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）
277increase augment（多用于政府投资类话题）
278help assist
279help (n.)assistance
280set up establish
281try to do sth.attempt to do sth.
282try hard to do sth.make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.
283change alter
284change… a lot fundamentally change…/ radically change…/ transform…
285solve address/ combat
286correct (vt.)rectify (a mistake)
287take down demolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）288obey
abide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面跟the
law/ rules/ regulations等）
289ban ban… altogether/ strictly prohibit…
290criticize condemn/
denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）
291increase
show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a
downward trend
292depend on
hinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于
……）
293depend on rely on（意思是：依靠……）
294deal with cope with
295do one's best to do mit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do
one's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.
296use up exhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limit
297report the details of
sth.report sth. In graphic detail
298prevent sb. from
focusing on…distract sb. from…
299spend A on B≈ dedicate A to B
300use too much…stretch… to the limit/ put a strain on…
301pour
discharge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如discha
rge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）302get used to get accustomed to
303die out go extinct
304continue to exist persist
305come with…be attended by / be accompanied by…
306broaden one's horizons expand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision (broaden one's
horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)
307break the law violate the law 308put sb. In prison incarcerate sb. 309make laws against…legislate against…
310[相关]law legislation
(名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数）
311make sth. active
stimulate （后面经常跟imagination/ creativity/
interest/ economic growth等词汇）
312make one's dream
come true fulfill one's potential/ attain one's goal
313have the right to do
sth.be entitled to do sth.
314lead to change in act as a catalyst for change in…
315stick to adhere to/ cling to
（注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）
316deal with the need meet the demand/ satisfy the need
317take… away from sb.
deprive sb. of…（省略号中可以填入freedom/
leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容) 318give sb. the ability to enable sb. to
319get a clear idea of get a clear perspective of
320be lost go
astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写get lost)
321spend too much time
on
be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessed
with (这三个词组的语气越来越强)
322prepare for…pave the way for…/ lay the groundwork for…/ lay a solid foundation for…（为……打好基础）
323break the balance upset the balance
324balance A and B
strike a balance between A and B (在A
和B之间争取一种平衡)
325catch capture
326think of… as regard…as/ view…as/perceive…as 327get rid of eliminate/ remove
328get rid of abolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）329make… higher
drive up（后面经常跟the crime rate/
unemployment rate）
副词
330more and more +adj.Increasingly +adj. 但要注意如果后面不是adj.
而是noun, 那么就可以用an increasing number of （跟可数名词）/ an increasing amount
of（跟不可数名词）来代替
331mainly primarily/ principally/ chiefly 332In the old days,…Traditionally,…/ Historically,…333now≈ currently
334Actually,…≈
Technically,…（严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常帮的词语）
335very soon immediately 336not often at all rarely
337completely entirely
338do sth. without careful
thought do sth. Impulsively
339blindly
indiscriminately（不加选择的）/mechanically（
机械的）
340only≈ merely （注意只有a little/ a
bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）341 a little/ a bit
somewhat (注意只有a little/ a
bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换)
342mainly primarily/ principally/ chiefly
短语或句型
343about regarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ with regard to
344before…prior to…
345 a few
a handful of (请注意仅指少数时a couple
of容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化)
346Although…, the real
situation is…
Hypothetically,…/ Theoretically,…/ In theory/
Ideally,...→But in reality, …/ But in actuality,…/
But in practice,…(Ideally 指“理想化地说”)
347Most young people…Young people tend to…=Young people typically… (tend to
和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）
348needs to be changed is crying out for reform（固定短语）349be punished by the law be brought to justice
350do sth. together make a concerted effort to do sth.
351It is common for sb.
to…It is standard practice for sb. to…
352is based on…is predicted on…
353have no choice but
to…
have no option but to…/ have no alternative but
to…
354be worth the effort be worthwhile
355and so on etc.（前面可加逗号）
356become more than exceed/ surpass
357grow fast grow dramatically/ soar/ rocket
358fall fast fall drastically/ plunge/ plummet
359much higher considerably/ substantially/ significantly higher
360 a little higher marginally higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally higher
361is closely connected is intrinsically linked to…362through by way of (介词短语) 363on the whole overall
364because of due to/ owing
to（新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常是跟负面含义的名词）
365before (时间)prior to
366in this aspect in this regard/ in this respect
(这里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面)
367despite/ in spite of notwithstanding（请注意这三个词都是后面不惜
紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句
）
368in fact
as a matter of fact ≈ in essence/ essentially (in
essence/ essentially 的意思是“本质上”）369besides apart from
370about/ around approximately
371It is obvious that…It is evident that…
372sth. stops.sth. comes to a standstill
373be similar to…be akin to…(学术写作中相当常见的句型)
374 A is as … as B B is … A is equally…
375It is impossible that…It is highly unlikely that…
376 A has made B+adj./n.
A has rendered B+adj./ n. （这里的宾语B
后面只能是跟形容词或者名词）
377 A has made B do sth.A has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth.
（注意这两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略to）
378sth. does not always
remain the same.
sth. is not carved in stone
（某事物并非一成不变）
379A high percentage
of…
The proportion of… is very high.
（……的比例很高）
380The cause of … is …can be attributed to/ can be ascribed to…（可以归因于……)
381no matter regardless of/ irrespective of（注意no matter后面一般跟从句，而regardless of和irrespective
of后面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）
382talking about…/
speaking of
in terms of…
（经常用来限制一个命题的适用范围，比如In
terms of culture, this city is fascinating. But in
terms of traffic, it is inferior.）。