喊着口号,轻松记忆虚拟语气

喊着口号，轻松记忆虚拟语气

发表时间：2011-10-19T17:17:42.950Z 来源：《学英语》（高中教师版）2011年第10期供稿作者：王一昕[导读] 众所周知，虚拟语气与真实语气相反，表示说话人的建议、假设、愿望，很多同学对此很头痛，而不表示客观存在的事实。河南周口市郸城县第一高级中学王一昕

众所周知，虚拟语气与真实语气相反，表示说话人的建议、假设、愿望，很多同学对此很头痛，而不表示客观存在的事实。在日常的教学中，我是用“一二三四五”，这样一种方式进行分类记忆的。但愿大家读完后，虚拟语气会有所进步，思路会变得清晰。

一、一个句式：It is high/about time that…

该结构往往用来表示早该做而未做的事情。从句中的动词常常使用过去式。从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了注意：有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略) It’s time we went /were going /should go. 我们该走了。 It is high time that we went to bed.我们早该去睡觉了。 It is time that the children had lunch/should have lunch.这些孩子真该吃午饭去了。 It is about time that you gave the little girl a hand. 你该帮帮这个小女孩。

注意：该结构不可混淆“It is time for sth”或者“It is time for sb to do sth”，意为“是某人做什么的时间了”。 It is time for class.到上课的时候了。

It is time for her to answer the question.是该她回答问题的时候了。

二、两个词组：第一组以w开头的短语wish和would rather,第二组都含有单词if，if only 和 as if，仔细观察后，不难发现它们的虚拟均是“从句都往过去推一个时态”。

We wish we had large wings.我们希望能有双大大的翅膀。 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。

I wish I remembered his E-mail.我真希望记住他的电子邮箱。

I would rather you hadn’t told me the truth. 我宁愿你没有把真相告诉我。 If only one had an unlimited supply of money!要是财源不断就好了！ If only I had another chance to study German.要是我再有一次学习德语的机会就好了。

I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。 It looks as if she's gone away for a few days.好像她已出去好几天了。 He behaves as if he had no common sense.他的言行就好像没有常识似的。

注意：would rather后如果接动词要加动词原形，关键要看后面有没有主语。

I would rather stay at home alone.我宁愿独自呆在家。

I would rather die than live in disgrace.我宁可死，也不愿忍辱偷生。

三、If虚拟条件句分三种时态：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。

特别注意：

1. would/should/could/might 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。

2．错综时间虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If it had rained heavily last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下大雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。 You would be much better now if you had followed the doctor’s advice. 假若你当时听医生的话，你现在就会好多了。

3.与将来相反的虚拟条件句，是高考的一个出题方向，因为它不仅涉及到虚拟，还有倒装和强调涵盖其中（If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把if 省略，把were, had, should置于句首），同学们要多加慎重。(09天津15) This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might

该题应选B项，还可以加强点难度。

This printer is of good quality. _______ it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. Would

B. Should

C. Could

D. Might

此时仍应选择B项。

如果改为下题呢?

This printer is of good quality. _______ it to break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. Would

B. Should

C. Could

D. Were

此时答案应为D项。

Had the boy worked harder, he the exams.

A. must have got through

B. could get through

C. ought to get through

D. would have got through

属于与过去相反的虚拟行列，从句省略了if, had提在主语前面倒装了，所以主句应为would/should/could/might + have done的形式，答案应为D项。

四、四种动词：表“建议, 命令,请求,敦促”后跟的宾语从句，或者它们对应的名词相关的各种名词性从句,常常使用should+V原,should可以省略。

（建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command请求 demand, require, request敦促urge） I suggest you not buy sony. 我建议你别买索尼的。 They required that I (should) go there tonight.他们要求我今晚到那里去。

I urge that employers and employees work together, to build up mutual understanding so as to help tide them over these difficult times. 目前最重要的，就是雇主和雇员能更多沟通协调，彼此体谅，共渡困境。 The doctor strongly recommended that he take a holiday.医生竭力劝他去休假。

注意：suggest后面接动词时，要跟动名词形式；只有在表示建议时而且后面加句子，才使用虚拟语气。当suggest做“暗示、表明”讲时，就不使用虚拟了。

His words suggested (that) he was unhappy.他的话语表明他不快活。

类似的还有insist。

She insisted that I was wrong and that I should make a public apology to them.她坚持认为我错了并且要求我想他们公开道歉。（前半句做“坚持认为”未用虚拟；后半句做“坚决要求”使用了虚拟） John insisted that I be present.约翰坚持要我出席。(坚决要求) He insisted on/upon my going with him.（坚决主张;一定要）他坚持要我跟他一起去。

I insist on seeing it.我一定要见到它。

五、五个常见含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I was busy that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副词Otherwise) = I would have taken part in the sports meet,but I was busy that day. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词or) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句） Without/but for electricity human life would be quite difficult today.（介词） Everything taken into account, they would have raised their salaryquickly. (独立主格结构) 虚拟语气专题强化训练

1.I didn’t see your sister at the party. If she _____, she would have met my brother.

A. has come

B. did come

C. came

D. had come

2. It’s unlikely that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _________, I would still go to the park.

A. should rain

B. would rain

C. rains

D. had rained

3.Had you listened to the doctor, you ____ all right now.

A. are

B. were

C. would be

D. would have been

4. _______, he would have passed the exam.

A. If he were to study

B. If he studied hard

C. Had he studied hard

D. Should he study hard

5. The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise an accident ________.

A. couldn’t be prevented

B. mustn’t have prevented

C. wouldn’t have been prevented

D. shouldn’t prevent

6. Without his help, we ___ such rapid progress.