Colorant Basics
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H
SO3Na SO3Na H3C S N N N N S CH3
N N SO3Na
OH NH2 N N N H SO3Na N N SO3Na
Direct Yellow 28 Sanolin Yellow BG
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 12
CHARACTERSTIC
Colour
Dull
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
Bright
Light & Weather Tinting Strength Opacity
High
Varies High Varies
Excellent Low
Solvent Fastness Chemical Fastness
400 400 435 500 580 595 605
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
-
770 435 480 560 595 605 770
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
WHITE VIOLET BLUE GREEN YELLOW ORANGE RED
visible
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 3
Substituent Groups :
Auxchromes : electron donors : CH3 electron acceptors : Hypsochromes : Br Cl
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 6
SO3H H O HO3S N N HOOC
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 11
SO3H
O
HN
N N
O HN
Acid Yellow 23 Vitasyn Tartrazine X 90
3,3-dichlorobenzidine 3,3(3,3-dcb) (3,3-
2,4-acetoacet 2,4-meta-xylidide meta(aamx)
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 9
Direct Black 168 Duasyn Direct Black HEF
Reactive Dyes
Reactive dyes have a suitable group (vinyl sulfon or cyanur chloride group) capable of forming a covalent bond between a carbon atom of the dye molecule and an oxygen, nitrogen, or sulphur atom of a hydroxy, an amino or a mercapto group respectively of the substrate. The water solubility is due to the anionic groups (sulfonate, carboxylate) attached to the dye molecule.
350 nm - 400 nm ULTRAVIOLET > 770 nm INFRARED
invisible
Classification of Colorants
Colorants Properties Difference per definition: Brilliancy Transparency Fastness properties (pH, light, heat, etc.) Pigments are insoluble in the media in which they are applied;e.g. lipstick moderate moderate high Dyes are soluble in the media in which they are applied e.g. aqueous cleaner high high moderate
OH ArNH2 COOH SO2 COOR
A chromophore complex forms the basic organic pigment molecule
NO2
OH
•二硝基苯胺
-
-
NO2
-
-N=N-
2,4 - Dinitroaniline + B -Naphtol
Pigment Orange 5
NaO3SOCH2CH2O2S SO3Na N N
NaO3S N H N CI H3C NaO3S SO3Na N N H O N CI N
H
O
H
N
O
NaO3S
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 13
than organics
Heat Stability
excellent
Varies
Good ->
What are organic pigments?
Organic pigments are a system of conjugated double bonds connected by chromophores and modified by substituent groups Chromophores : - N = N -- C = N -C=O -N=O -C=C-
SO3Na
Reactive Red 180 Duasyn Red R-F3B liquid
Reactive Orange 124
Basic Dyes
Traditionally applied to acrylic fibers, cotton, paper, and leather. Containing cationic groups which impart water solubility. The term "Basic" is derived from the fact that the chromophore acts as a base and reacts with an acid to form a dye salt. Typically Basic dyes are made insoluble or "wash fast" on textile by reacting with tannic acid. While tinctorially brilliant, basic dyes generally exhibit poor light stability. Basic dyes find application in highly acidic cleaners and highconcentrated fabric softeners.
CH3 H3C N
(H5C2)2N
O +
N(C2H5)2
COOH
H3C
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 14
HO N=N
CONH CH 3
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 8
Pigment Red 112 ( C.I. : 12370 )
DISAZO PIGMENT
Pigment Preparations
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 4
are predispersed pigments
Organic and Inorganic Pigment Properties
Pigment Yellow 13 ( C.I. : 21100 )
POLYCYCLIC PIGMENT
Copper (II) complex of tetraazatetrabenzoporphine
N
N N N Cu
N N N Pigment Blue 15 ( C.I. : 74160 )
N
Acid Blue 80 Sanolin Blue NBL
Байду номын сангаас
SO3H
Direct Dyes
Traditionally applied to protein fibers (wool, silk), cotton, viscose and paper. Direct dyes are planar, large molecules with high substantivity that contain anionic sulfonate group for water solubility. Fixation take place by ionic and Van-der-Waals interactions between dyestuff and fibre.
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 10
Organic dyes Acid Dyes
Acid dyes are traditionally applied to protein fibers (wool, silk), nylon, leather or paper from an acidic dye bath (from which the name is derived). Water solubility is due to the anionic groups (sulfonate, carboxylate) attached to a variety of chromophores (azo, anthraquinone, triarylmethane).
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 7
MONOAZO PIGMENT
•三氯苯胺
2,4,5 - trichloraniline
Cl Cl Cl
•2-羟基-2-萘酚-邻甲苯胺
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006
How do we sense colour?
INCIDENT LIGHT
OBJECT ABSORPTION SCATTERING REFLECTION
EYE STIMULATION BRAIN
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 2
PERCEPTION COLOUR PERCEPTION (HUES etc)
WAVELENGTH = COLOUR CO 1 nm = 10 -9 m
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 5
Varies Varies Varies
Excellent Mainly excellent Better
Dispersibility
SO3Na SO3Na H3C S N N N N S CH3
N N SO3Na
OH NH2 N N N H SO3Na N N SO3Na
Direct Yellow 28 Sanolin Yellow BG
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 12
CHARACTERSTIC
Colour
Dull
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
Bright
Light & Weather Tinting Strength Opacity
High
Varies High Varies
Excellent Low
Solvent Fastness Chemical Fastness
400 400 435 500 580 595 605
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
-
770 435 480 560 595 605 770
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
WHITE VIOLET BLUE GREEN YELLOW ORANGE RED
visible
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 3
Substituent Groups :
Auxchromes : electron donors : CH3 electron acceptors : Hypsochromes : Br Cl
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 6
SO3H H O HO3S N N HOOC
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 11
SO3H
O
HN
N N
O HN
Acid Yellow 23 Vitasyn Tartrazine X 90
3,3-dichlorobenzidine 3,3(3,3-dcb) (3,3-
2,4-acetoacet 2,4-meta-xylidide meta(aamx)
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 9
Direct Black 168 Duasyn Direct Black HEF
Reactive Dyes
Reactive dyes have a suitable group (vinyl sulfon or cyanur chloride group) capable of forming a covalent bond between a carbon atom of the dye molecule and an oxygen, nitrogen, or sulphur atom of a hydroxy, an amino or a mercapto group respectively of the substrate. The water solubility is due to the anionic groups (sulfonate, carboxylate) attached to the dye molecule.
350 nm - 400 nm ULTRAVIOLET > 770 nm INFRARED
invisible
Classification of Colorants
Colorants Properties Difference per definition: Brilliancy Transparency Fastness properties (pH, light, heat, etc.) Pigments are insoluble in the media in which they are applied;e.g. lipstick moderate moderate high Dyes are soluble in the media in which they are applied e.g. aqueous cleaner high high moderate
OH ArNH2 COOH SO2 COOR
A chromophore complex forms the basic organic pigment molecule
NO2
OH
•二硝基苯胺
-
-
NO2
-
-N=N-
2,4 - Dinitroaniline + B -Naphtol
Pigment Orange 5
NaO3SOCH2CH2O2S SO3Na N N
NaO3S N H N CI H3C NaO3S SO3Na N N H O N CI N
H
O
H
N
O
NaO3S
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 13
than organics
Heat Stability
excellent
Varies
Good ->
What are organic pigments?
Organic pigments are a system of conjugated double bonds connected by chromophores and modified by substituent groups Chromophores : - N = N -- C = N -C=O -N=O -C=C-
SO3Na
Reactive Red 180 Duasyn Red R-F3B liquid
Reactive Orange 124
Basic Dyes
Traditionally applied to acrylic fibers, cotton, paper, and leather. Containing cationic groups which impart water solubility. The term "Basic" is derived from the fact that the chromophore acts as a base and reacts with an acid to form a dye salt. Typically Basic dyes are made insoluble or "wash fast" on textile by reacting with tannic acid. While tinctorially brilliant, basic dyes generally exhibit poor light stability. Basic dyes find application in highly acidic cleaners and highconcentrated fabric softeners.
CH3 H3C N
(H5C2)2N
O +
N(C2H5)2
COOH
H3C
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 14
HO N=N
CONH CH 3
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 8
Pigment Red 112 ( C.I. : 12370 )
DISAZO PIGMENT
Pigment Preparations
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 4
are predispersed pigments
Organic and Inorganic Pigment Properties
Pigment Yellow 13 ( C.I. : 21100 )
POLYCYCLIC PIGMENT
Copper (II) complex of tetraazatetrabenzoporphine
N
N N N Cu
N N N Pigment Blue 15 ( C.I. : 74160 )
N
Acid Blue 80 Sanolin Blue NBL
Байду номын сангаас
SO3H
Direct Dyes
Traditionally applied to protein fibers (wool, silk), cotton, viscose and paper. Direct dyes are planar, large molecules with high substantivity that contain anionic sulfonate group for water solubility. Fixation take place by ionic and Van-der-Waals interactions between dyestuff and fibre.
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 10
Organic dyes Acid Dyes
Acid dyes are traditionally applied to protein fibers (wool, silk), nylon, leather or paper from an acidic dye bath (from which the name is derived). Water solubility is due to the anionic groups (sulfonate, carboxylate) attached to a variety of chromophores (azo, anthraquinone, triarylmethane).
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 7
MONOAZO PIGMENT
•三氯苯胺
2,4,5 - trichloraniline
Cl Cl Cl
•2-羟基-2-萘酚-邻甲苯胺
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006
How do we sense colour?
INCIDENT LIGHT
OBJECT ABSORPTION SCATTERING REFLECTION
EYE STIMULATION BRAIN
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 2
PERCEPTION COLOUR PERCEPTION (HUES etc)
WAVELENGTH = COLOUR CO 1 nm = 10 -9 m
Public OWU Clariant Chemicals (China) Ltd. TACT, Business Specialties 08.11.2006 Slide 5
Varies Varies Varies
Excellent Mainly excellent Better
Dispersibility