保险学笔记整理

Chapter one Risk, risk managementThere is a maxim at the insurance circle: no risk, no insurance.Section one Basic definitions of the risk一．What is risk1.the risk is the measurable uncertainty.2.the risk is that uncertainty of some unfortunate incident.3.the risk is the uncertainty of loss4.the risk is the results of the objective concerns about the future under certain circumstances.5.the risk is subjected to objective doubts of the possibility of damage二．Characteristics of risk1.objectivity 客观性2.damagement 损害性：人身/经济损害3.uncertainty 不确定性(1)the uncertainty of space(2)the uncertainty of time(3)the uncertainty of loss4.measurability 可测定性5.expansibility 拓展性三．The risk—related terms :risk factors1.the substantive risk factors :实质性风险：某一标的物本身所具有的足以引起或增加损失机会的客观原因与条件。

2.Moral risk factors道德风险: moral risk factors refer to personal dishonest foul or illintentions so deliberately promote the accidents, resulting in the loss of the expansion of the loss.3.psychological risk factors也指风纪危险因素，与道德风险不同，不是由于个体故意行为引起的，是出于不注意，不关心，依赖保险的心理，以致于增加危险事故发生的机会和损失的严重性。

Section two Classification of the risk一．According to procreant circumstance1.Static risk静态风险指由于自然力的不规则变动或人们行为的错误或失败所导致的危险。

Static risk refers to the irregular changes due to the forces of nature or people’s behavior caused by error or misconduct 。

Static risk stems from an unchanging society that is in stable equilibrium. For example , fire, flood, earthquake, explosion ,etc2.dynamic riskDynamic risk refers to the risk due to social—economic or political changes. dynamic risk is produced because of changes in society .3.difference between static risk and dynamic risk(1)loss or not动态危险对某一部分人来讲可能带来收益，但或是损失，但静态危险对个人或社会来讲都会带来损失。

(2)range of influence 动态危险影响范围更广泛。

(3)characteristic静态危险有一定规律性，动态危险较难预测。

(4)nature静态危险一般属于一种纯粹危险，动态危险属于一种投机危险。

二．According to the natureAn important classification of risk involves the concepts of pure risk and speculative risk .1.pure risk :指只有损失机会，而没有获利可能的危险pure risk exits when there is uncertainty as to whether loss will occur .No possibility of gain is presented by pure risk, only the potential for loss.2．Speculative risk既有损失机会，又有获利可能的危险In contrast to pure risk, speculative risk exists when there is uncertainty about an event that could produce either a profit or a loss.三．According to risk object1.property risk财产危险Property risk refers to all tangible property resulting indamage, elimination or devalue.2.liability risk 责任风险Liability risk refers to individuals or groups. Because of acts of negligence or fault, resulting in damage to property of others of personal loss, in accordance with the law, should bear economic risk of liabilityA second major category of risk is liability exposure. US society has become increasingly litigious in recent years.3. Credit risk信用危险Credit risk means that in economic relations, between rights and obligations, as a party to breath the contrast or law, and the other party is exposured to the risk of economic losses.在经济交易中，权利人和义务人之间由于一方违约或违法行为给另一方造成经济损失的危险。

4．Personal riskPersonal risk refers to the disability may lead to death or the loss of labor.Section three Risk management一．Definition of risk managementSome people are use the term risk management only in connection with businesses, and often the term refers only to management of pure risk, in this sense; the traditional risk management goal has been to minimize the cost of pure risk to the company.Risk management refers to a kind of initiative conduct of awareness, estimates, dealing with the risk.风险管理指人们对各种危险的认识，估算，处理的一种主动性的行为。

二．Risk management process(一)the establishment of objectives 目标的建立：最小的投入获得最安全的依靠(二)Identify risks识别危险1．Compilation of insurance policy analysis2. The risk list analysis3. Production flow analysis4. Assets of financial analysis5. Field investigation(三)evaluate risks(四)handle risks1.aviod the risk :to avoid the risk is not to do something or avoid a source of the risk ,to completely eliminate particular risk.2.retain the risk 保留危险：主动保留active /被动保留passiveThe risk is retained by main body themselves to assume the losses.3.prevent and detractthe prevention and impairment is retargeted measures to reduce the risk of accidents and minimize the risk of loss.4.Transfer risk保险转移the transfer risk is the main body transfer the losses that may occur by one way or another to others .行为主体把可能发生的损失通过某种方式把危险转嫁给他人。

保险转移insurance transfer非保险转移non—insurance transfer can be divided into transfer by sell and contract .Section Four Insurable risksThrough the above analysis, we can know: the insurance is very important in risk management, however not all the risk can be insured to the insurance companies, the risk of under writing is conditional..1. The risk is not speculative 危险不是投机性的2. The risk must be accidental or uncertain 是偶然的或不确定的3. The risk must be unexpected or unintentional.是意外或非故意的4. The risk must be the subject of a large number是大量的标的均有遭受损失的可能性5. The risk should have the possibility of serious losses 必须具有遭受重大损失的可能性。