纺织品功能整理课件 (8)
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Wyld was issued a patent in 1735 describing a finishing treatment for cellulosic textiles based on alum, ferrous sulfate and borax. In 1882, Gay-Lussac published the first systematic study of the use of flame retardants.
Mechanisms of flame retardancy
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COMBUSTION CYCLE
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
Endothermic de百度文库omposition reactions.
2.Another approach is to apply a material that forms an insulating layer around the fibre at temperatures below the fibre pyrolysis temperature.
Synergistic combinations of flame retardants
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SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
8.3 Flame-retardant chemistry
commercial flame retardants :
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3.A third way to achieve flame retardancy is to influence the pyrolysis reaction to produce less flammable volatiles and more residual char.
History of flame retardant finish
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
The use of asbestos as a flame resistant material was recorded in Roman times.
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
1.One method is to provide a heat sink on or in the fibre by use of materials that thermally decompose through strongly endothermic reactions.
If enough heat can be absorbed by these reactions, the pyrolysis temperature of the fibre is not reached and no combustion takes place.
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
Primary flame retardants based on phosphorous (condensed phase mechanism) and halogens (gas phase mechanism); synergistic retardancy enhancers that have only small flame retarding effects by themselves, but greatly enhance the flame retardancy of primary flame retardants (nitrogen with phosphorous and antimony with halogens); adjunctive flame retardants that exhibit their activity through physical effects (borates, alumina trihydrate, calcium carbonate and intumescents).
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
having little or no adverse effect on the textile’s physical properties; retaining the textile’s aesthetics and physiological properties; being produced by a simple process with conventional equipment and inexpensive chemicals; and being durable to repeated home launderings, tumble dryings and dry cleaning.
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flammability requirements for a flameretardant finish：
8.4 Flame retardants for cellulose
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SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
8.1 Introduction
Application Apparel of consumers Uniform of firefighters and emergency personnel Floor coverings, upholstery and drapery Military, the airline and automobile industry
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Competing free radical reactions during combustion of halogen (X)(X)-containing material (M). R is the organic residue.
8.2 Mechanisms of flame retardancy
mechanisms of flame retardants
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mechanism of combustion
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SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
4.A fourth approach to preventing combustion is to interfere with the free radical reactions that provide the heat needed for the process to continue.
8
outline
8.1 Introduction 8.2 Mechanisms of flame retardancy 8.3 Flame-retardant chemistry 8.4 Flame retardants for cellulose 8.5 Flame retardants for wool 8.6 Flame retardants for polyester 8.7 Flame retardants for nylon 8.8 Flame retardants for other fibres 8.9 Flame-retarding fibre blends 8.10 Novel approach to flame retardancy: intumescents 8.11 Evaluation of flame retardants 8.12 Troubleshooting for flame-retardant finishes and particularities
Mechanisms of flame retardancy
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COMBUSTION CYCLE
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
Endothermic de百度文库omposition reactions.
2.Another approach is to apply a material that forms an insulating layer around the fibre at temperatures below the fibre pyrolysis temperature.
Synergistic combinations of flame retardants
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
8.3 Flame-retardant chemistry
commercial flame retardants :
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
3.A third way to achieve flame retardancy is to influence the pyrolysis reaction to produce less flammable volatiles and more residual char.
History of flame retardant finish
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
The use of asbestos as a flame resistant material was recorded in Roman times.
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
1.One method is to provide a heat sink on or in the fibre by use of materials that thermally decompose through strongly endothermic reactions.
If enough heat can be absorbed by these reactions, the pyrolysis temperature of the fibre is not reached and no combustion takes place.
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
Primary flame retardants based on phosphorous (condensed phase mechanism) and halogens (gas phase mechanism); synergistic retardancy enhancers that have only small flame retarding effects by themselves, but greatly enhance the flame retardancy of primary flame retardants (nitrogen with phosphorous and antimony with halogens); adjunctive flame retardants that exhibit their activity through physical effects (borates, alumina trihydrate, calcium carbonate and intumescents).
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
having little or no adverse effect on the textile’s physical properties; retaining the textile’s aesthetics and physiological properties; being produced by a simple process with conventional equipment and inexpensive chemicals; and being durable to repeated home launderings, tumble dryings and dry cleaning.
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
flammability requirements for a flameretardant finish：
8.4 Flame retardants for cellulose
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
8.1 Introduction
Application Apparel of consumers Uniform of firefighters and emergency personnel Floor coverings, upholstery and drapery Military, the airline and automobile industry
SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
Competing free radical reactions during combustion of halogen (X)(X)-containing material (M). R is the organic residue.
8.2 Mechanisms of flame retardancy
mechanisms of flame retardants
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mechanism of combustion
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SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
4.A fourth approach to preventing combustion is to interfere with the free radical reactions that provide the heat needed for the process to continue.
8
outline
8.1 Introduction 8.2 Mechanisms of flame retardancy 8.3 Flame-retardant chemistry 8.4 Flame retardants for cellulose 8.5 Flame retardants for wool 8.6 Flame retardants for polyester 8.7 Flame retardants for nylon 8.8 Flame retardants for other fibres 8.9 Flame-retarding fibre blends 8.10 Novel approach to flame retardancy: intumescents 8.11 Evaluation of flame retardants 8.12 Troubleshooting for flame-retardant finishes and particularities