医学英语第一学期试题

Unit One

II. Vocabulary Study

Part A

1—Plasma 2—Cholesterol 3—cytoplasm 4—chromosomes

5—Osmosis 6—diffusion 7—ribosomes 8—Filtration

9—phagocytosis 10—homeostasis

Part B

1—be involved in 2—permeable 3—decompose 4—hypotheses

5—broke off 6—facilitate 7—engulfed 8—floats

9—collide, collide 10—dilute

III. Translation Part A

1. Although the DNA in the nucleus of each cell contains all of the genetic information for all human traits, only a small number of genes are actually active in a particular cell. These active genes are the codes for the proteins necessary for the specific cell type.

尽管每一个细胞核中的 DNA 都包含有人类特性的所有遗传信息，但实际只有少数基因在特定细胞中有活性，这些活性基因是特有的细胞类型所必需的蛋白密码。

2. In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need some help to do this. 在易化扩散中，分子经一层膜从高浓度区域向低浓度区域移动，但分子要完成这一工作需要某些帮助。

3. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, that is, certain substances are permitted to pass through and others are not.

细胞膜的渗透性是有选择性的，即某些物质允许通过，而其他物质则不行。

4. Filtration means that water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.

过滤是指水和已溶解物质经一层膜从高压区到低压区。

5. Active transport requires the energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration.

主动转运需要 ATP 这种能量，使分子从低浓度区域向高浓度区域移动。

Part B

1. 体内平衡取决于所有不同类型的细胞正常地发挥功能。(depend upon)

Homeostasis depends upon the normal functions of all of the different kinds of cells.

2. 就人口和地域而言，这两个国家差异很大。(with respect to)

With respect to population and geographical area, these two countries vary greatly. 3. 染色体由脱氧核糖核酸和蛋白构成，而脱氧核糖核酸又是细胞特征和活性的遗传密码。(genetic code)

Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein, and the DNA is the genetic code for the characteristics and activities of the cell.

4. 氧气从空气中扩散到血液以便在全身循环，而二氧化碳从血液散播到空气中以便排出体外。(diffuse)

Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood to be circulated throughout the body, but carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air to be exhaled from the body.

5. 科学不断地提供新的发现，从而进一步支持了他的假设。(back up)

Science continued to throw up discoveries, which further backed up his hypothesis. Unit Two

II. Vocabulary Study Part A

1—Vasodilation 2—metabolism 3—Anabolism 4—neurons

5—dehydration 6—hemoglobin 7—catabolism 8—thyroxine

9—digestive 10—peristalsis

Part B

1—Transferring 2—saturate 3—fluctuate 4—evaporate

5—radiation 6—encompass 7—humidity 8—generate

9—convection 10—disperse

III. Translation Part A

1. At either end of the age spectrum, however, temperature regulation may not be as precise as it is in older children or younger adults.

然而，在年龄段两端的人群，其体温调节精确程度都不如少年或青年人。

2. The pathways of heat loss from the body are the skin, respiratory tract, and to a lesser extent, the urinary and digestive tracts.

人体散热途径是经皮肤、呼吸道，少量经尿道和消化道散热。

3. Changes in body temperature also have an effect on metabolic rate and heat production. This becomes clinically important when a person has a fever, an abnormally high body temperature.

人体体温的变化也会影响代谢率和产热。当一个人发热、体温异常升高时从临床上讲，体温变化就显得重要了。

4. Anabolism m eans synthesis or “formation” reactions, the bonding together of smaller molecules to form larger ones.

合成代谢是指综合或“形成”性反应，即把小的分子结合在一起形成更大的分子。

5. Catabolism means decomposition, the breaking of bonds of larger molecules to form smaller molecules. Cell respiration is a series of catabolic reactions that break down food molecules to carbon dioxide and water.

分解代谢是指分解，即将较大分子的键打断使其分解成小分子。细胞呼吸过程就是一连串的分解代谢反应——将食物分子分解成二氧化碳和水。

Part B

1. 新陈代谢是指发生在生物体内的化学过程，可分为合成代谢和分解代谢两类。 (metabolism) Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that take place in the living organisms.It may be divided into two major categories: anabolism and catabolism.

2. 正常人的体温为37℃。随个体、年龄、活动量和每日早晚略有差异，但波动幅度不超过l℃。(fluctuation)

The normal body temperature is 37oC, and varies by person, age, activity, and time of day, but the fluctuations are usually no more than 1.0oC.

3. 在正常情况下，人体通过体温调节系统使体温保持相对稳定。(constant)

Under normal conditions, human body is able to maintain a relatively constant body temperature through the system of temperature regulation.

4. 与生活在热带地区的人相比，在寒冷气候下生活的人，新陈代谢率要高10%~20%。(metabolic rate)