高考英语语法填空之介词与冠词

2021届高考英语语法填空之介词与冠词一：基础知识

无单词提示主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度：考查的内容主要是介词、冠词、代词、连词、情态动词、连接代词和连接副词、关系代词和关系副词以及句式：因为没有提示词，考生需要根据文章大意和上下文语境以及对长难句结构的分析来判断设空处在句子中的功能，以确定其词性和意义，最后确定内容。

[解题模板]

1.填介词

如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思，然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。

典例1 ：But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _________ this question is not clear.

[解题步骤]

①分析句子成分→空格后是名词→判断应该用介词

②根据空格前名词answer→确定答案

③尝试解答：_to__

典例2 ：I was searching _________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been

observing.

[解题步骤]

①分析句子成分→空格后中心词是名词gorillas→判断应该用介词

②根据固定搭配search for...→确定答案

③尝试解答：_for__

2．填冠词

如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或者特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么，这个空格处要填写冠词。

典例1：Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

[解题步骤]

①分析句子→空格处缺少冠词

②根据固定搭配over the past＋一段时间→确定答案

③尝试解答：_the__

典例2 ：Unexpectedly, I'm face－to－face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at

_________ top of her lungs.

[解题步骤]

①分析句子→空格处缺少冠词

②根据固定搭配at the top of→确定答案

③尝试解答：_the__

二：真题梳理

Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country _1.has_grown__(grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _2.the__ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is _3.actually__(actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _4.to_improve__(improve) water quality.Corn uses less water _5.than__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased _6.pollution__(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total _7.global__(globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _8.started__(start) a soil－testing program _9.that/which__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China's approach to protecting its

environment while _10.feeding__(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。中国近年来根据人们的膳食变化调整农作物种植结构，为全球生态环境保护做出了贡献。

1．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语since 2011可知句子用现在完成时，主语the country是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。

2．解析：考查固定搭配中的定冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。

3．解析：考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰be behind the change用形容词actual 的副词形式actually。

4．解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来改善水质”，故用不定式作目的状语。

5．解析：考查介词。由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填than。

6．解析：考查词性转换之动词变为名词。decrease“降低，减少”，后接名词作宾语，pollute 的名词形式是pollution。

7．解析：考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption应用形容词，名词globe的形容词形式是global。

8．解析：考查时态。由2005可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故谓语动词用start的过去式started。

9．解析：考查引导定语从句的关系代词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的a soil－testing program且在从句中作主语，故用that或which。

10．解析：考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China与feed是主动关系，所以用“连词＋现在分词”形式作状语。

四：课后练习

（A）

Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one

of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably1. (use) caffeine since childhood.Caffeine _2. __(be)in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source (来源) of caffeine for most children and even