现在分词

现在分词（v-ing）用法

一、用来表示人的某种感情或情绪的动词的-ing的用法

exciting, interesting, surprising, amazing, astonishing, shocking, confusing, puzzling, frightening, terrifying, encouraging, discouraging, inspiring, disappointing, annoying, worrying, satisfying, moving, embarrassing, convincing, relaxing, tiring, boring等，译为“令人... 的”，主语常是物，在句中可作定语、表语、宾补。

E.g. This is an amazing achievement.

The film they are talking about sounds so frightening.

We all found his argument convincing and interesting.

★若与look/expression/voice等词连用，表示说话人的情绪时，用-ed形式。

E.g. Judging from the students’ confused looks, the teacher knew that they didn’t follow her.

Exercises:

1.His ________ (encourage) words made everyone present at the meeting regain courage.

2.______ (disappoint) and angry, he left the meeting room.

3.He had a _______ (please) smile on his face.

二、v-ing作定语，表主动、正在进行

1.单个的v-ing作定语时，放在它所修饰的词之前

E.g. The swimming boy is my brother.

The sleeping baby is only one month.

★与动名词作定语的区别：动名词作定语表用途；现在分词作定语表主动或正在进行，相当于一个定语从句。

a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping

a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping

a waiting woman = building materials= a falling leaf=

a waiting room = drinking water= a crying child=

2.现在分词短语(v-ing +n.+.../v-ing + adv.)作定语时，放在所修饰词之后，可转换为定语从句。

E.g. When people think of factories, they think of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers. = When people think of factories, they think of pipes_________________

The country developing fast has serious environmental problems.=__________

3.现在分词构成的合成词可作定语

English-speaking;easy-going;time-consuming;peace-loving;hard-working;labor-saving;

三、v-ing作宾补，表示与宾语之间是主动关系

1.see/watch/notice/observe/hear sb. doing sth.

2.keep/have sb. doing sth.

3.leave sb./sth. doing sth.

4.find sb. doing sth.

5.catch sb. doing sth.

E.g. The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.

Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.

When he came to life, he found himself lying in the hospital.

Exercises:

1.His remarks left me _____ (wonder) about his real purpose.

2.Don’t leave the water _____ (run) while you brush your teeth.

3.You’d better leave the window _____ (close).

4.When I walked past the playground, I noticed him _____ (play) basketball.

四、作状语，现在分词短语在句中作状语，相当于与其对应的状语从句

1.作时间状语

①现在分词的一般式（dong）表示分词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，可用when/while/as引导的状语从

E.g. Hearing the news, they couldn’t help crying.=when they heard the news, they couldn’t help crying. ★也可直接与when/while连用，表示两动作同时发生

E.g. Be careful when crossing the road.

While walking along the street, I saw a car accident.

②现在分词的完成式（having done）表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，可用after引导的从句转换

E.g. Having received his letter, I decided to write back.

= After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.

★现在分词作时间状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致

E.g. Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.

误：Walking along the street, a dog appeared.

2.作原因状语

E.g. Being so angry, he couldn’t say a word.= _________________________

Having forgotten his wife’s birthday, he felt guilty.

Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.

3.作结果状语，常放于句末，中间有逗号隔开，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句

E.g. Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.

= Other types of waste flow into our water,which kills river and sea life.

The driver drove carelessly, causing the car accident.= __________________

Many new machines were introduced from abroad, which resulted in an increase in production.= Many new machines were introduced from abroad,__________________

★与不定式作结果状语的比较：现在分词作结果状语时，常指自然而然的结果或意料之中的结果；而不定式作结果状语时，一般指意料之外的不好的结果

E.g. He hurried to the train station, only to find that the train had left.

4.作方式或伴随状语

E.g. They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.

The girl lay in bed reading her favorite novel.=the girl lay in bed and was reading her favorite novel. The boy sat at the table eating his breakfast.=The boy sat at the table_________

They stood talking to each other.=They stood _________________

5.作条件状语

E.g. Preparing fully, we can achieve great things.= ____________________

Time permitting, I will meet you for lunch.=_________________

五、现在分词的时态与语态

一般式完成式(所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)

主动

被动

E.g. Having finished his homework, he sat down to watch TV.

The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.

Before being used, the machine must be checked.

The question being discussed is very important.

The bridge being built there will be put in use next year.

★比较：1.The problem ________ (discuss)now at the meeting is very important.

2.The problem _______ (discuss) yesterday is very important.

3.The problem _______ (discuss) tomorrow is very important.

六、现在分词的否定式：在现在分词前加not

E.g. Not knowing much English, he found it difficult to communicate with others while he was travelling abroad.

Not having received a reply, he wrote a letter to the professor again.

Exercises: