Module 3 Revision任务单

译林版高中英语模块三复习任务单

III. Self-assessment

第一节：阅读理解

A

Scientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't exist.It’s a stellar(恒星) black hole---the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode.Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because as these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel(排出)matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.

This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about15,000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday."Black holes of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery.

"LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."

Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.

The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it “was not formed from the collapse of only one star," the study said--- instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.

Another possibility is that it formed from “fallback supernova.”This is when a supernova---the last stage of an exploding star---ejects (排出) material during the explosion,which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.

This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process”f or the first time, the study said.

There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger---they can be billions of times the mass of our sun.

Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.

1.Why does the writer write the article?

A.T o report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory.

B.T o inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole.

C.T o share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery.

D.T o demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.

2.What does the underlined world “toppled” mean in the second paragraph?

A. overturned

B. supported

C. suspected

D.tested

3.Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?

A.I t is the biggest black hole ever discovered.

B.I t lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.

C.I t couldn't have been formed from the collapse o f one star,

D.I ts discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the “fallback formation theory".

4.Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A.I f the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar

winds.

B.A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our

galaxy dies.

C."The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapsed and

exploded.

D.I f “the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its

death.

B

For some people, higher education is not just a goal in life, but also an expectation. In the United States, if your parents attended a college or university, there is a good chance that you will,too. Even if your parents did not go to college, you still have a good chance of completing higher education if your family is wealthy.

But your chances are reduced if you come from a needy family, a community with limited educational resources or you simply have no one to follow as an example.

Helping those in need is one of the main ideas behind a strategy of behavioral science called nudge theory or nudging. Nudging is a way of changing people's behavior through indirect suggestion and by supporting positive actions.

A growing number of U.S. colleges and universities look to nudging as way to support poor,minority and first-generation students, They also are using it to increase overall graduation rates.Two common forms of nudging are emails to students and text messages to their mobile phones.Schools and other educational organizations keep in contact with students this way, offering advice and help when needed.