生物化学专业术语

生物化学专业术语

Biochemistry Biomolecules

Protein properties Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic acids

Metabolism

Peptide bonds

Amino acids

Neutral non-polar aa Neutral polar aa

Acidic aa, Basic aa Isoelectric point(pI) Ultraviolet light absorption Denaturation

Primary structure

Motif

(super-secondary structure) Domain

Tertiary structure

Higher Structures Separation and Purification Column chromatography

Ion exchange chromatography Gel filtration chromatography Affinity chromatography Electrophoresis Precipitation

Coagulation

Nucleic Acid Polynucleotide chains Nucleoside,Phosphate,Base Phosphoester bond Glycosidic bond Chromosomes

DNA character

Annealing/renature Hyperchromicity

Tm (melting point)

Gene, Genome

Enzyme,

Substrate concentration

ES complex Competitive inhibition Noncompetitive inhibition Uncompetitive inhibition Carbohydrate Metabolism

Catalytic mechanism

Induced-fit theory

Kinetics of enzyme-

catalyzed reactions

Michaelis- menten equation Irreversible inhibition

Enzyme inhibitors

Hydrogen bonds

Activation of glucose

Glycogen Formation, Cellulose , Glycosidic bond

Catabolic pathways

Cellular respiration

Anabolic pathways

Anaerobic degradation

Aerobic Oxidation

Glycolysis, Pyruvate, lactate

Acetyl CoA

Tricarboxylic acid cycle（TCA cycle) Citric acid cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation Pentose Phosphate Pathway（PPP）Electron transport Chain(ETC)

ATP synthase

Reduction/Oxidation

( Redox) Reactions

Chemiosmosis

Proton gradient

Mitochondrion membrane Intermembrane space, matrix

Lipids Biosynthesis,

Phospholopids

Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic

β-Oxidation of fatty acid Triacylglyerols, Glycerol Deamination of Amino Acids Oxidative Deamination Transamination

Transdeamination

Urea cycle

One Carbon Units

Nucleic acid , Nuclease Degradation of nucleotides Uric acid

Purines, Pyrimidines

DNA replication

Primer:template junction Semiconservative

DNA Polymerase Proofreading exonuclease Origin of replication Unidirectional replication Bidirectional replication Leading strand

Lagging strand

Telomere

Telomerase

RNA Transcription

Coding strand

Template strand Promoters

Initiation

Elongation

Termination

Rho-independent terminator Rho-dependent terminator RNA processing

RNA Splicing

Exons, Introns

Genetic Code

Codon: degenerate Anticodon: wobble Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Open reading frame

Start codon, Stop codon Ribosome binding site Anticodon loop

Amino acid acceptor site Ribosome

Large subunit

Peptidyl transferase center Peptidyl transferase reaction Small subunit

The decoding center