2018年专业英语四级考试真题
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英语专四真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2018 English Proficiency Test for Professionals Level Four (referred to as the "Proficient Four" hereafter) is an important examination for individuals seeking to assess and demonstrate their proficiency in the English language. This article aims to provide an overview of the 2018 Proficient Four exam, including its structure and content, as well as offer reference answers for selected sections.Section One: Listening ComprehensionThe Listening Comprehension section is designed to assess candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. It consists of multiple-choice questions, with each question followed by three possible answers. Candidates are required to select the most suitable option based on what they hear.Sample Question:You will hear a conversation between a customer and a bank teller. What does the customer want to do?A) Open a new accountB) Apply for a mortgageC) Withdraw money from her current accountReference Answer: C) Withdraw money from her current accountSection Two: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test evaluates candidates' understanding and command of vocabulary and grammar. In this section, candidates need to fill in the gaps in a provided passage with the appropriate words or phrases. The passage is typically related to everyday life or general knowledge.Sample Passage:(Paragraph 1)Life is full of opportunities that require individuals to step out of their comfort zones and embrace change. Whether it's pursuing a new career, relocating to a different city, or starting a family, change is inevitable and often necessary for personal growth.(Paragraph 2)However, many individuals tend to resist change due to fear of the unknown. They may feel comfortable remaining within familiar boundaries, but this can hinder their development and limit their potential. Stepping beyond these self-imposed limitations can lead to new experiences, knowledge, and perspectives.Reference Answer (one possible answer):(Paragraph 1)Life is full of opportunities that require individuals to step out of their comfort zones and embrace change. Whether it's pursuing a new career, relocating to a different city, or starting a family, change is inevitable and often necessary for personal growth.(Paragraph 2)However, many individuals tend to resist change due to fear of the unknown. They may feel comfortable remaining within familiar boundaries, but this can hinder their development and limit their potential. Stepping beyond these self-imposed limitations can lead to new experiences, knowledge, and perspectives.Section Three: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section aims to assess candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. It comprises multiple-choice questions based on a variety of reading passages, including newspaper articles, opinion pieces, and academic essays.Sample Question:According to the passage, what is the main cause of environmental pollution?A) Industrial emissionsB) UrbanizationC) DeforestationReference Answer: A) Industrial emissionsSection Four: WritingThe Writing section evaluates candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently in written English. There are typically two tasks: an essay and a letter or email. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to organize their thoughts, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and convey a logical argument or message.Sample Task 1: EssayWrite an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of social media in today's society.Sample Reference Answer (one possible approach):In the era of technological advancement, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. It offers numerous advantages, such as facilitating communication, information sharing, and networking. On the other hand, it also has its drawbacks, including privacy concerns and the potential for misinformation. This essay will explore both the positive and negative aspects of social media and present a balanced perspective.Sample Task 2: EmailWrite an email to your professor requesting an extension for your assignment due to unforeseen circumstances.Sample Reference Answer:Dear Professor,I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to discuss a matter regarding the assignment due tomorrow. Unfortunately, I have encountered unforeseen circumstances that have significantly disrupted my ability to complete the task on time. I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly grant me an extension of two days.Thank you for your understanding, and I apologize for any inconvenience caused.Yours sincerely,[Your Name]Conclusion:The 2018 English Proficiency Test for Professionals Level Four is a comprehensive examination that assesses candidates' language skills in various areas, including listening, reading, writing, and vocabulary. The sample questions and reference answers provided above aim to assist candidates in their preparation for this exam. Remember to practice regularly, seek additional resources, and familiarize yourself with the exam structure to maximize your chances of success. Good luck!。
2018英语专四真题与参考答案解析
2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are fouroptions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence oranswers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to havebeen B. was believed to beC. is believed to havebeen D. is believed tobe12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popularresource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. ismaintaining C.maintainedD. has been maintaining13.H e was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a viewof_____________ mountains behind the appleorchard. A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blueVirginia C.Virginia hazyblue D. Virginiablue hazy15.I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.B.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, askilling and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are ofwar17.At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its mostbasic B. itsbasicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used __________. A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. W hich of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry themetaphorical meaning? A. I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind .D. I suppose I ’m lucky because my parents werebehind meall the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______. A. a hypothesis B. a suggestion C. a contradiction D. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, hehas beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.P rices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost ofraw materials. A. cutB. buoyC.offer D.offset24.T he celebrity says in court papers she“has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfieoverall—is rooted in whatwe consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A.final B.furtherC.supplementaryD. extra27.The teachers ’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling forrepairing“deplorable ”school conditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filledst March the __________ of a 19 th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.S he ’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres. A. countlessB.countableC.numericalD. numeral30.A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has releasedits analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoing B.oceanic C.marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyF. kindG. mannerK. renowned L. subscribeC. coupleH.mercifullyM. unknownD.goesI. oneN.virtueE. indebtednessJ. obeyO. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sentChristmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected somereaction, the response he received was amazing —holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. Thegreat majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of theunknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the mostpowerful of the weapons of influence around us —the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has providedus. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends usa birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. Byvirtueof the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts,invitations,and the like. Sotypicalisit for indebtedness toaccompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged ”has becomea synonym for “thank you, ”not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your a nswers onANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent toestablish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in Europeansocieties. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kingsand governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect onthe shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and thechurches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom wheretheemphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of allthe American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of allindividuals tocontrol their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a rulingnoble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financialand emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race andsucceed inthe game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class systemdeveloped in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrantshavetraditionallycome to the United State s is tohave a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United Statesappeared tobe a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches ”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve materialsuccess. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and italso became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughou t their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people ’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidat e for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue toexplore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining Americanvalues?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadlyexplosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gaveprizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and — perhaps mostimportantly — peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though mostcountries have asystem of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good intheir countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds ofthings.(3)The Oscars are probably t he most famous, a time for the (mostly) Americanfilmindustry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give eachother awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes,evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and theMTV for music. InBritain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see theirdifficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Codefor popularity. TheTurner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists— each year it causes controversy byapparently givin g lots of money to artists who do thingslike displayin g thei r beds, puttinganimals in glass cases or — this year — building a garden shed.(5) Awards don ’t onlyexist fo r arts. Thereare now awards for Sports Personality of the Year,forEuropeanFootballe r of the Yearand World Footballe r of th eYear. Thisseems very strange —sometimes awards can be good to giverecognitionto people whodeserve it , or to help people whodon ’t make a lot of money carr y on their work withoutworrying about finances, but professiona l soccer players these dayscertainly aren’tshort of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awardceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated fromhighschool or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching ”.(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently?Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith orCharles Dickens.(8) It would be possibleto say,however, that in the past,scientists and artistscouldwin “patronage ”form rich people — a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists moneyto have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With thechange in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific researchis now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins anOscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, manymore people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen byhundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group s ells lots morerecords.(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. Thismeans that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors.The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, butlet me ask you a question — how far do you think that publicity and marketing arewinninghere, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as theOscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.A ccording to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45.W hich of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.A ccording to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists inthe past and those at present lies in_____________.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.I t can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs.Mallardsufferedfrom ahearttrouble,great care wastakentobreak to her as gently as possible the news of herhusband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Herhusband Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaperoffice when news of the’s friendrailroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’s nameleading the list of“killed ”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadnesshad spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one followher.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this shesank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reachinto hersoul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)T here were patches of blue sky showing here and there through theclouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare inher eyes, whose gaze was fixed away offyonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through thesounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize thisthing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back withher will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the lookofterror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tenderhands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her,fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a longprocession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And sheopened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years;she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her inthat blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right toimpose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What didit matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of thispossession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Springdays, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. Shebreathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she hadthought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sister'simportunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carriedherself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist,and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them atthe bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It wasBrently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying hisgripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and didnot even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband ’s death?A. Her husband ’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49.W hen Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50.H ow did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn fromPara. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.W hat was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone inthe room? Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. What do youthink is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead ”husband.PART VI WRITING(略 )您好，欢迎您阅读我的文章，本WORD 文档可编辑修改，也可以直接打印。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案.doc
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ a ncient Egypt's first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid ・A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus・A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13・ He was lured into a crime he would not _________ have committed・A.actuallyB・ accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______________ mountains behind the apple orchard・A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC・ Virginia hazy blueD・ Virginia blue hazy15.1 long to alleviate __________ , but I can not.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maimingA.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17・ At __________ , photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB・ its basicC・ the most basicD. the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed•The infi nitive verb phrase "only to learn "is used _________ ・A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what's behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C・ This work should have been finished yesterday・ 1 'm getting terribly behind・D・ I suppose Fm lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______ ・A・ a hypothesisB・ a suggestionC.a contradictionD.a surprise21 ・ When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to________________________________________________________________________________ 、their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22. _______ , the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC・ ContentiouslyD. Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to _________ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she "has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.^A.recommendationB・ recordingC・ recollectionD・ recognition25.What actually _________ a good angle 一or a good selfie overall —— is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesC・ composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program・A.finalB.furtherC・ supplementaryD. extra27.The teachersunion _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing "deplorable^ school conditions.A.firedB.filedC・ finedD. filled28・ Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team・A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She's worn his designs on __________ o ccasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD・ maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank・ The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing一holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us一the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged" has become a synonym for “thank you," not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character・ By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values・ By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority・(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independenee from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21 ・(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work・ In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5)A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a "land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase "going from rags to riches" became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success- Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status・(6)Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history・ In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of peopled abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41 ・ Para.4 seems to suggest that _______ ・A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD.Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1)The Nobels are the originals, of course・ Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and 一perhaps most importantly—peace・(2)Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opport unity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches・ As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4)But it's not only films™there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity・ The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or一this year —buildinga garden shed・(5)Awards dorf t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange一sometimes awards can be good to give recog nition to people who deserve it, or to help people who dorf t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren't short of cash!(6)Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree・ Even the British Council has its own awards for "Innovation in English Language Teaching"・(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens・(8)It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage^ form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people acrossthe world. The result? The group sells lots more records・(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies・ This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits一・but also the sponsors・ The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12)On the surface, it s eems to be a “Win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author's tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused・B.Appreciative.C・ Sarcastic・D. Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing・D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people・B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para・ 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in ___________ .A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______ .A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband^ death.(2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences・ Her husband^ friend Richards was there, too・ It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brcntly Mallard's name leading the list of "killc(T'・ He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister^s anus. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone・ She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair・ Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name・ But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have beeru(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!0 The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes・ They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead・ But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistenee with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes・ Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the sti ongest impulse of her being!(15)"Free! Body and soul free!" she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. H Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven f s sake open the door.'1(17)"Go away. I am not making myself ill.H No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window・(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long・ It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sistefs importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory・ She clasped her sistefs waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella・ He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards1 quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife・(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills-48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband's death?A.Her husband's friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she __________ ・A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time・50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband・B・ She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be in ferred from the sente nee "Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels/' according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para・ 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard's mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease 一of joy that kills. What do you think is thereal cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead" husband・PART VI WRITING（略）。
专业英语四级真题2018年
专业英语四级真题2018年（总分：99.95，做题时间：90分钟）一、PARTI DICTATIO N （总题数：1,分数：10.00）I. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. Duringthe first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the sec ond and third read in gs, the passage will be read sentence by senten ce, or phrase by phrase, with in tervals of 15 sec on ds. The last read ing will be done at no rmal speed aga in and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. Duringthe first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the sec ond and third read in gs, the passage will be read sentence by senten ce, or phrase by phrase, with in tervals of 15 sec on ds. The last read ing will be done at no rmal speed aga in and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.（分数：10.00）正确答案：（）解析：［听力原文］Emotional Reaction to MusicNo matter who you are, where you live / or what your cultural background is, / people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. / However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. / This is not because they can"t experience pleasure at all. / They don"t have trouble hearing music properly either. / Instead, they are just indifferent to music. / Researches have conducted studies to find out / why somepeople have no emotional reaction to music. / However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains.二、PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION、题数：0,分数：0.00）三、SECTION A TALK（总题数：1,分数：10.00）The Linguistic Gift of BabiesCritical ageDecline of babies" language learning ability occurs at the age of 1 _ Lab workResearch focus:•How babies learn 2_in the first critical periodResearch aims:•developing a model for babies in their critical periods of—language acquisition—social, emotional and 3 developmentResearch process:•Babies need to listen.•They are trained to turn their heads when ・• A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.Participa nts:• 5 babiesResults:•Babies can 6 of all languages.•Babies become language -bound before 7 .—sound reaction between American and Japanese babies-6 to 8 months old: 8-two months later: 9•Two events during the critical two months—10 when listening to a language——change of babies" brains when distributions growConclusionLanguage learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.The Linguistic Gift of BabiesCritical ageDecline of babies" language learning ability occurs at the age of 1Lab workResearch focus:•How babies learn 2 in the first critical periodResearch aims:•developing a model for babies in their critical periods of—language acquisition—social, emotional and 3 developmentResearch process:•Babies need to listen.•They are trained to turn their heads when 丄• A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.Participa nts:•5_babiesResults:•Babies can 6_of all languages.•Babies become language -bound before 7 . _—sound reaction between American and Japanese babies-6 to 8 months old: 8 _-two months later: 9 _•Two events during the critical two months—10 when listening to a language——change of babies" brains when distributions growConclusionLanguage learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.（分数：10.00）解析：seven ［听力原文］The Linguistic Gift of BabiesGood morning everyone, in today"s lecture I"m going to talk about something you can"tsee. Thatis what"s going on in the little brain of a baby. For example, how babies learn alanguage. Itis always a question people show great interest in. Babies and children are geniusesuntil they ____________________________________________________________________ Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is theperiodin which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language. We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we"ll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development. So we"ve been studying the babies by conducting an experiment. During our experiment, the baby usually a six-monther sits on a parent"s lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes —like from "ah" to "ee". If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum.What have we learned? Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as "citizensof the world". They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we"re testing and what language we"re using, and that"s remarkable because you know I can"t do that.We"re culture-bound listeners. Wecan discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages. So the question arises: when do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are? And the answer: before their first birthdays.What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listen to the "ra" and "la" —sounds important to English, butnot to Japanese. So at six to eight months the babies are totally equivalent. Two months later something, something incredible, occurs. The babies in the United States are getting a lot better, while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.So the question is. what"s happening during this critical two-month period? We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what"s going on up there? Maybe there are two things going on. The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they"re taking statistics as they listen to us talk —they"re taking statistics. That is to say the two babies listen totheir own mothers speaking motherese —the universal language we use when we talk to kids.During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they"re doing is taking statistics that is sound distribution on the language that they hear. And those sound distributions grow. And babies observe more. And what we"ve learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different. I mean the sound distribution of both languages is different. So babies absorbthe statistics of the language and it changes their brains; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-boundwe are. Because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.In this case, of course, we"re arguing that the learning of a language material may slow down when audible distribution stabilize. Ok, today we just talk about a recent project on babies" language development. In our next lecture, we"ll concentrate on bilingual people. Howbilinguals keep two sides of statistics in mind at once?［解析］ Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there"s a systematic decline.（第一段最后一句）题干要求填写at the age of ---||| _________ |||--- 。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案.doc
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ a ncient Egypt's first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid ・A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus・A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13・ He was lured into a crime he would not _________ have committed・A.actuallyB・ accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______________ mountains behind the apple orchard・A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC・ Virginia hazy blueD・ Virginia blue hazy15.1 long to alleviate __________ , but I can not.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maimingA.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17・ At __________ , photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB・ its basicC・ the most basicD. the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed•The infi nitive verb phrase "only to learn "is used _________ ・A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what's behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C・ This work should have been finished yesterday・ 1 'm getting terribly behind・D・ I suppose Fm lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______ ・A・ a hypothesisB・ a suggestionC.a contradictionD.a surprise21 ・ When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to________________________________________________________________________________ 、their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22. _______ , the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC・ ContentiouslyD. Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to _________ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she "has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.^A.recommendationB・ recordingC・ recollectionD・ recognition25.What actually _________ a good angle 一or a good selfie overall —— is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesC・ composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program・A.finalB.furtherC・ supplementaryD. extra27.The teachersunion _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing "deplorable^ school conditions.A.firedB.filedC・ finedD. filled28・ Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team・A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She's worn his designs on __________ o ccasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD・ maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank・ The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing一holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us一the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged" has become a synonym for “thank you," not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character・ By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values・ By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority・(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independenee from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21 ・(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work・ In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5)A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a "land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase "going from rags to riches" became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success- Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status・(6)Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history・ In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of peopled abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41 ・ Para.4 seems to suggest that _______ ・A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD.Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1)The Nobels are the originals, of course・ Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and 一perhaps most importantly—peace・(2)Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opport unity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches・ As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4)But it's not only films™there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity・ The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or一this year —buildinga garden shed・(5)Awards dorf t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange一sometimes awards can be good to give recog nition to people who deserve it, or to help people who dorf t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren't short of cash!(6)Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree・ Even the British Council has its own awards for "Innovation in English Language Teaching"・(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens・(8)It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage^ form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people acrossthe world. The result? The group sells lots more records・(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies・ This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits一・but also the sponsors・ The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12)On the surface, it s eems to be a “Win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author's tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused・B.Appreciative.C・ Sarcastic・D. Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing・D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people・B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para・ 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in ___________ .A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______ .A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband^ death.(2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences・ Her husband^ friend Richards was there, too・ It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brcntly Mallard's name leading the list of "killc(T'・ He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister^s anus. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone・ She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair・ Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name・ But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have beeru(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!0 The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes・ They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead・ But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistenee with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes・ Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the sti ongest impulse of her being!(15)"Free! Body and soul free!" she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. H Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven f s sake open the door.'1(17)"Go away. I am not making myself ill.H No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window・(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long・ It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sistefs importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory・ She clasped her sistefs waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella・ He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards1 quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife・(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills-48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband's death?A.Her husband's friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she __________ ・A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time・50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband・B・ She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be in ferred from the sente nee "Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels/' according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para・ 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard's mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease 一of joy that kills. What do you think is thereal cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead" husband・PART VI WRITING（略）。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案[精品文档]
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2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.。
2018英语专四真题与参考答案解析
2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of_____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing andmaiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17.At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name fromthe deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I ’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immenselyproud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27.The teachers ’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable ”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filledst March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She ’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected somereaction, the response he received was amazing —holiday cards addressed tohim came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. Thegreat majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of theunknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the mostpowerful of the weapons of influence around us —the rule for reciprocation. Therule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has providedus. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends usa birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. Byvirtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged ”has becomea synonym for “thank you, ”not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener canreport that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. Foreach multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies thatwere free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape thecontrols placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect onthe shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where theemphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals tocontrol their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance.Itmeans that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financialand emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed inthe game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. Ifmuch of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a personmust compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin inchildhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does notcompete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those whodo.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared tobe a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches ”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve materialsuccess. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work hasbeen both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people ’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think therewas some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather,they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the Americancharacter and how it affects life in the United States.31. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities32.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gaveprizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly —peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes,evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize andtheMTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see theirdifficult,literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. TheTurner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, puttinganimals in glass cases or —this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don ’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange —sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don ’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren ’t short ofcash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from highschool or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching ”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare neverwon a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artistscouldwin “patronage ”form rich people — a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists moneyto have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With thechange in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific researchis now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, manymore people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen byhundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. Thismeans that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors.The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win ”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question —how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winninghere, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?33.What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.34. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.35. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.36. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and thoseat present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status37. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband ’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband ’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of therailroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’s name leading the list of “killed ”. He hadonly taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itselfshe went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into hersoul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The deliciousbreath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reachedher, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that hadmet and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself tosleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even acertain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away offyonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but ratherindicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it?She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look ofterror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beatfast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded indeath; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. Butshe saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong toher absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live forherself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which menand women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! Whatcould love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, whichshe suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15) “Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summerdays, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life mightbe long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was afeverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting forthem at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard whoentered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had beenfar from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazedat Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.38. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband ’s death?A. Her husband ’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.39. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.40. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided onANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE41.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO42. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.43. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE44. What was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.45. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do youthink is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead ”husband.PART VI WRITING(略) 您好，欢迎您阅读我的文章，本WORD 文档可编辑修改，也可以直接打印。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immenselyproud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into theidentity of professor. They received his holiday greeting card,one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rulefor reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should dorule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense ofafter intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldenerrule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early aspossible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives,decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to helppeople who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists orscientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result?The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the cloudsthat had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards'quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. Whatdo you think is the real cause of her death?Frightand disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案word文本
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.。
(完整word版)2018年英语专四试题
QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS （2018)—GRADE FOUR —TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION［10 MIN ］Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times 。
During the first reading ， which will be done at normalspeed ， listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more 。
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE 。
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening ， you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE andwrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap 。
2018年英语专业四级考试真题及答案
2018年英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’ union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awa rds don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself sh e went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018年四级试卷完整版
2018年四级试卷完整版第一部分：听力理解（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）Part I: Listening Comprehension (20 questions, 1 point each, total 20 points)本部分共有20个小题，你将听到一段对话和两篇独白，每段对话和独白听两遍。
请根据听到的内容选择正确答案。
1. A. Taking a photograph. B. Reading a book. C. Watching a movie. D.Listening to music.2. A. In a library. B. In a coffee shop. C. In a bookstore. D. In a classroom.3. A. 3 hours. B. 4 hours. C. 5 hours. D. 6 hours.4. A. In a hotel. B. In a restaurant. C. In a travel agency. D. In a post office.5. A. A new teacher. B. A new student. C. A new employee. D. A newcustomer.（以下省略）第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）Part II: Reading Comprehension (20 questions, 2 points each, total 40 points)本部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。
请根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
Passage 1 Many students choose to study abroad for various reasons. Studying abroad allows students to experience a different culture, develop independence, and enhance their language skills. However, studying abroad can also be challenging. Students may have to adapt to a new education system, make new friends, and deal with homesickness.6.What are some benefits of studying abroad? A. Experiencing adifferent culture. B. Developing independence. C. Enhancing language skills. D.All of the above.7.What is one challenge of studying abroad? A. Adapting to a neweducation system. B. Making new friends. C. Dealing with homesickness. D. All of the above.（以下省略）第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）Part III: Writing (2 sections, total 40 points)本部分共有两节。
(完整版)2018英语专四真题
2018PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if insertedin the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from thepeople who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned acard never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holidaygreeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person hasprovided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sendsus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue ofthe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of suchthings that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” n in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatgoes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensivestudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatdoes not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages f ollowed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that werefree from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed ontheir lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the Americancharacter. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formalaristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference fromthe government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If muchof life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fitinto the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has beenboth necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes topeople who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, thereare now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry totell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards andmake tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV formusic. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novelhit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is anaward for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots ofmoney to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, forEuropean Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people whodon’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances,but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies,for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a universitydegree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”．(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize,nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists couldwin“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in socialsystems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded bythe state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people willgo and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy theirbooks. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands ofpeople across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to heras gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster wasname leading the list of “killed”.He had only taken the time to received, with Brently Mallard’sassure himself of its truth by a second telegram.nt itself she went(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had speaway to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, presseddown by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath ofrain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds thathad met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child whohas cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixedaway off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. Whatwas it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the colorthat filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognizethis thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it backwith her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacantstare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keenand bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed everyinch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender handsfolded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and grayand dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to comethat would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she wouldlive for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistencewith which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon afellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter!What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(長生不老藥) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped hersister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the sceneof accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy thatkills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英語專業四級考試真題及參考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentenceexpresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquiredinto the identity of professor. They received his holidaythe action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is itto accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged”has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense ofso after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvinto the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens.A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(長生不老藥) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. Whatdo you think is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
(完整版)2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。