doing的特殊用法

十. doing 的其它用法

1. 时态与语态：doing/being done / having done / having been done

(1) 动名词的一般式表一般性动作，完成式表动作先于谓语之前发生；现在分词的一般式表

其动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生，完成式表其动作发生在谓语动作之前。

In 1993, China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity.

I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.

Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercise.

I’m very pleased at your having been honored with a medal.

I don’t remember meeting/having met you somewhere.

Walking down the street , he hears someone calling him. having waited in the queue for half an Hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.

(2) 主动式表其逻辑主语是doing动作的执行者，被动式是动作的承受者.

After reading your letter I knew what had happened.

Freddy and his band could not go out without being followed everywhere.

Being surrounded by the students, the teacher was answering questions one by one.

十一. done的其它用法:只有一种形式。

Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

十二. 独立主格结构: 是一个相当于状语从句的短语，表时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随。

逻辑主语(n./ pron.) + 逻辑谓语（to do /doing /done/ n ./adj. /adv. /prep.短语）

1. 特点：

(1) 与句子之间不能使用连接词。(2) 位置灵活，由逗号与主句分开。

(3) 其逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或事物。

(4) ~ 中being / having been表被动及系表结构常省略。

The match ( being ) over, crowds of people poured out into the street.

All the tickets ( having been ) sold out , we had to wait for the next week’s show.

(5) ~ 中的being done 表正在被做，being 常省略。Food (being ) cooked, I fell asleep .

(6) 当~ 的逻辑主语为it / there 时，being 不可省略。

It being fine, we can go to the beach .

There being no time left . we had to speed up .

(7) 大多数~ 可用“with / without + 宾语+ 宾补”替代。

He lay there thinking , ( with ) his hands behind his head .

The river looks more beautiful , (with ) flowers and grass growing on both sides .

2. 构成：

(1) 非谓语动词构成的~ ：n. / pron./ + to do / doing / done

So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.

I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.

Here’s the first volume, the second one to come out next month.

He invited us to see a film, he himself to buy the tickets.

The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.

The coward was backing, his face being deathly pale, towards another room.

It being Sunday, they had no classes.

Weather permitting, we’ll go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.

The man fell to the ground, his hands trembling and his eyes closed.

The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent having been launched at the end of last March.

The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished for the day.

Tom having been in prison for years, people couldn’t recognize him at all.

My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it is.

The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

My shoes removed, I entered a low – ceiling room.

Jane sat alone, head bent.

Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Nora felt on edge.

The book written in simple English, it will be more popular.