18世纪英国文学(课堂PPT)
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Literary Development
• 1. Neo-classicism • 2. sentimentalism • 3. Modern novel • 4. Romanticism
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1. Neoclassicism 新古典主义
• The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works, this tendency is known as neoclassicism.
contention 3. The development of social life
3
1. The literature of the 18th century was dominated by the interests of contending parties
• The Whigs: determined to safeguard popular liberty;
• Thomas Gray, Oliver Goldsmith are representatives of this school.
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3. The beginning of modern novel
• Modern English novel began in the 18th century and gave the world such novelists as Defoe, Swift, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne.
• Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe was one of the forerunners of the English 18th century realistic novel. But it was Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.
The Literature Of
18thCentury
1
Introduction
Literary background Literary Development Famous writers
2
Literary background
1. The contending(敌对的) factions(派别) 2. Literati(文人学士) as servants of
• The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers, such as Homer.
• The Tories: conservative, would leave as much authority as possible in the royal hands;
4
2. Literati as servants of contention
• The Whigs and the Tories were well balanced in power. To overturn a Tory or a Whig cabinet , most of the great writers of the age were the willing servants of the Whigs or Tories.
5
3. The development of social life
• In the first half of the 18th century ,England saw the appearance of a large number of public coffeehouses and private clubs. Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses and discussed matters of literature. Hence ,the enormous amount of 18th-century works were devoted to transient affairs, politics, fashions, and gossip.
10
4. Characteristics of Early/Pre-Romanticism • Romanticism has five prominent
characteristics: 1. The Romantic Movement was a
strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom, which generally tend to fetter the free human spirit. 2. Romanticism returned to nature and plain humanity for its material.
• Addison, Steele, Pope belonged to this school.
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2. Sentimentaliwk.baidu.comm 感伤主义
• Sentimentalism is indulged in emotion and sentiment.
• Criticizes the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeois revolutions and the Industrial Revolution. They advocate that sentiment should take the place of reason.
Literary Development
• 1. Neo-classicism • 2. sentimentalism • 3. Modern novel • 4. Romanticism
7
1. Neoclassicism 新古典主义
• The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works, this tendency is known as neoclassicism.
contention 3. The development of social life
3
1. The literature of the 18th century was dominated by the interests of contending parties
• The Whigs: determined to safeguard popular liberty;
• Thomas Gray, Oliver Goldsmith are representatives of this school.
9
3. The beginning of modern novel
• Modern English novel began in the 18th century and gave the world such novelists as Defoe, Swift, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne.
• Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe was one of the forerunners of the English 18th century realistic novel. But it was Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.
The Literature Of
18thCentury
1
Introduction
Literary background Literary Development Famous writers
2
Literary background
1. The contending(敌对的) factions(派别) 2. Literati(文人学士) as servants of
• The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers, such as Homer.
• The Tories: conservative, would leave as much authority as possible in the royal hands;
4
2. Literati as servants of contention
• The Whigs and the Tories were well balanced in power. To overturn a Tory or a Whig cabinet , most of the great writers of the age were the willing servants of the Whigs or Tories.
5
3. The development of social life
• In the first half of the 18th century ,England saw the appearance of a large number of public coffeehouses and private clubs. Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses and discussed matters of literature. Hence ,the enormous amount of 18th-century works were devoted to transient affairs, politics, fashions, and gossip.
10
4. Characteristics of Early/Pre-Romanticism • Romanticism has five prominent
characteristics: 1. The Romantic Movement was a
strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom, which generally tend to fetter the free human spirit. 2. Romanticism returned to nature and plain humanity for its material.
• Addison, Steele, Pope belonged to this school.
8
2. Sentimentaliwk.baidu.comm 感伤主义
• Sentimentalism is indulged in emotion and sentiment.
• Criticizes the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeois revolutions and the Industrial Revolution. They advocate that sentiment should take the place of reason.