Negotiation谈判技巧

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Chapter 2-Negotiation Strategies谈判策略

Chapter 2-Negotiation Strategies谈判策略

“It must seem like that to you, doesn’t it? ”
Refusing to strike back eventually bores your attacker. When there is no fuel for the fire, there is no fire.
Dealing with different types of difficult people
1) Dealing with the bully
(仗势欺人者,横行霸道者)
Bullies
use a variety of techniques, such as making take-it-or-leave-it offers, screaming, etc. A bully is anyone who tries to intimidate someone who is perceived as weaker.
c. The screamer is a bully. If the person is trying to bully you, read the six basic skills to treat a bully mentioned above. The worst thing you can do is to sink to the level of someone else’s negative behavior pattern. If you are not normally a screamer, don’t start just because the person sitting across you start yelling.
a. Prepare

negotiation skills 谈判技巧

negotiation skills 谈判技巧

Negotiation Skills1. Never negotiate if it’s not necessaryBargaining is not negotiating, nor complaining. Sometimes customers just want to express their feelings to us, we shouldn’t treat them as the beginning of negotiation. Try to solve the problem, but needn’t to negotiate. New salesmen tend to negotiate everything with the customers, but neglect some of them is not necessary.2. Never negotiate with yourselfBefore negotiation, we should set up clear objectives in our minds. The target could be divided into several levels, but we shouldn’t hesitate or change them during the negotiation. If we find something wrong, then stop the negotiation or seek for a new round in future. “No deal” can mean a very good negotiation. If we need to go away from the table, just do it.3. Never accept the first offer , and4. Always ask for morePeople are used to keep some space to turn around. Both purchasers and sales will make some compromise during negotiation. The first offer usually gives a limit or anticipation for both sides to start with. For our sales, it is very important to provide the first offer higher than what we want.5. Try not to be the one with the opening positionAs salesmen, we should try to let the customers establish the opening parameters, and then we could adjust our quotation or price policy. But usually the buyers of customers also understand this point. They will try to let us to be on the position. If we have to do so, we could start with from an over comfortable position.6. Talk less and listen moreGenerally speaking, salesmen like to talk a lot to persuade the other sides accepting their ideas or proposals. They keep talking and showing off their eloquence but neglecting what the customers are thinking. When we speak, we are giving away information; when we listen, we are receiving information. To be a good listener means to interact with customers and encourage them to talk and then find out their core demands.7. Never give a gift “for free”To keep balance, if we need to give something, we should get something else. In fact, this rule is effective not only for negotiation.During our business, when I was asked by customers to provide a post-service free, of course it was beyond warranty, I would also ask them to forgive something we did imperfectly or we might do imperfectly in future. The discount today is the opening offer tomorrow.8. Avoid to fall in the “Salami effect”Price is determined by market, not cost. So when we discuss the priceduring a negotiation, we shouldn’t separate it from our cost. In other words, cost is our internal thing. Our cost is not counterpart price. Our customer will never give a higher price just because of the high cost. 9. Avoid the “Rooky feeling”As Dr. Carlos said, to do better, ask ourselves three questions:How much is this concession going to cost me?How much does it mean for the other side?What do I want in return?10. Avoid at any cost the “Quick close”As the Chinese saying goes, "good things never come easy”. Nothing good comes from the quick close. Usually people believe a relatively longer time means sufficient communication. Be patient during a negotiation.11. Never reveal your maximum offer, not even at the end ofnegotiationThe maximum offer is the last line for negotiation. Unless have no choice, we shouldn’t use it. Even we reach an agreement with the customer, we mustn’t show it. Or the counterpart could feel frustration and we lose leeway in future. We should remember that reveal the maximum offer doesn’t matter how close we are to our counterparts. 12. Understand your counterpart’s needsChinese strategist Sun Tzu said, “Know yourself and know your enemy,you will win every war.” Our counterpart is our business partner, not our enemy. But the idea of knowing our counterpart’s needs is really important. It means whether we could raise the most reasonable solutions by which the both sides could realize double win. As industry sales, we have the responsibility to provide an economical and reliable solution for our customers according to their requirements.13. Know your needsIt’s also very important to know ourselves. We should try to figure out our ideal outcome looks like and do business based on it. We defined our SWOT and create additional value for customers.14. Manage the ongoing relationshipEspecially in China, relationship is very important for the business partners. Have a good relationship could make it easy in negotiation.For us, one of the most important things in our daily work is to maintain good relationship with customers.15. Never lieTrust is the basic and important element for cooperation. One unsatisfied customer will tell 8 to 10 others about their dissatisfaction.If we lie, it is impossible to keep business for long-term. For me, if there is something inconvenient to tell my customers, I will not talk about them. But what I have told customers, they must be the truth. 16. Distinguish between “Positions” and “Interests”During negotiation, we shouldn’t only think about the benefits of ourselves based on our position. Without compromise, it’s hardly to reach an agreement. Double-win should be the common purpose for both sides.17. Winning isn’t everythingSometimes, it’s a strategy choice to retreat for advance. We are winning by losing. Sometimes, give up is the best choice.18. Walk away when you reach your objectives and you are in theleading positionSuccess could make people feel exited. The feeling about winning sometimes make us push more than what we should. Especially for sales people, when they reach the target for a deal, some of them like to keep taking a lot, but too much. It’s just like what the Chinese ancient fable described, draw a snake and add feet to it.19. Believe you are worth itKnow our SWOT, and to be confident during the negotiation. We are not wasting time; we are providing valuable products or solutions. For me, although our products are more expensive than competitors, I do believe that our products are much more reliable and cost-effective. 20. Keep the negotiation friendlyDuring the negotiation, people can get angry but the only rule is that both sides can never get angry at the same time. Sometimes, anger isjust a tactic, it’s doesn’t matter whether the emotion is true or not. The important thing is how we react. It’s necessary to manage our emotion and keep the negotiation proceeding friendly.。

谈判技巧 Negotiation skill

谈判技巧 Negotiation skill

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如何确定对方需要的东西和对方想要得到的东西? 如何确定对方需要的东西和对方想要得到的东西?
The 7 important points of a successful negotiation
一次成功谈判的7个关键点
6- The compromise/ the resolution of the questions
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涉及的问题的妥协/解决
•How can I try to solve the conflict?我将怎么努力解决冲突? 我将怎么努力解决冲突? •How can I react when the other party wants to solve the conflict?
当对方想要解决冲突时我要怎么行动? 当对方想要解决冲突时我要怎么行动?
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哪些东西我可以放弃来得到我想得到的东西? 哪些东西我可以放弃来得到我想得到的东西?
What are the conditions of the time and the money of this negotiation?
此次谈判地时间和经费情况是什么样的? 此次谈判地时间和经费情况是什么样的?
The 7 important points of a successful negotiation
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Buyers negotiate the yearly contract 采购谈判年度合同 Conditional and unconditional End of year rebates 有条件或无条件的年底返利 Store cooperation 商场合作 Buying Price Payment term Anniversary fees Opening fees

商务谈判技巧(businessnegotiation)

商务谈判技巧(businessnegotiation)

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非语言沟通
注意肢体语言和面部表情的影响
Байду номын сангаас
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跨文化沟通
尊重他人文化差异,避免误解
解决冲突和妥协技巧
1 寻求共同利益
寻找解决方案中的共同点
2 灵活妥协
做出必要的让步,以达成协议
成功谈判的要点
目标明确
设定明确的目标和期望结果
合作态度
以合作为导向,创造双赢机会
问题解决能力
善于找出解决方案,并执行
总结
准备充分
目标设定和信息收集的重要性
灵活应变
根据不同情况选择合适的策 略和技巧
追求双赢
寻找共同利益,达成满意的 协议
商务谈判技巧
商务谈判的定义和重要性
准备阶段
目标设定
明确谈判目标,确定最优结果
信息收集
收集对方信息,了解其需求和利益
谈判策略
1
竞争策略
通过争取优势,争取更多的资源和利益
合作策略
2
积极合作,达成双赢的协议
谈判技巧
倾听和理解对方
有效倾听,理解对方需求和利益
提出有效论证
使用事实和数据支持自己的观点
沟通技巧

谈判技巧培训英文-Negotiation-skills-training PPT课件

谈判技巧培训英文-Negotiation-skills-training PPT课件
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AGENDA
Opening Summary Three basic elements Negotiation Tactics and Negotiating with Clean Sheets Negotiation Exercise Closure
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KEY MILESTONES IN THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS
(positions and - more helpfully - interests), the options, and the agreement(s) reached at the end.
Skilled negotiators may use a variety of tactics ranging from a straight forward presentation of demands or setting of preconditions to more deceptive approaches such as cherry picking. Intimidation and salami tactics (分割包围,各个击破) may also play a part in swaying the outcome of negotiations.
2
AGENDA
Oplements Negotiation Tactics and Negotiating with Clean Sheets Negotiation Exercise Closure
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Summary
Broadly speaking, negotiation is an interaction of influences. Such interactions, for example, include the process of resolving disputes, agreeing upon courses of action, bargaining for individual or collective advantage, or crafting outcomes to satisfy various interests. Negotiation is thus a form of alternative dispute resolution.

ContractNegotiation合同谈判技巧

ContractNegotiation合同谈判技巧
• Sites, quantity, price, parties, delivery, how purchased Make sure contract you write reflects these
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
Case Study
What is a Contract?
A promise or set of promises which the law will enforce The performance of which the law recognizes as a duty The breach of which the law will remedy
Intro / Objectives
Contract and Negotiation
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
What is a Contract?
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
Administrative Issues
Certificate of Analysis (COA)= address for receipt Delivery Terms Tax Exempt Information Contract Administrator Invoice Address Right to Know Requirements
year) • Submission to arbitration • Statutory requirements
Formality • Affixing of seal • Witnessing • deeds

Win-win Negotiation 中文双赢谈判技巧

Win-win Negotiation 中文双赢谈判技巧

Relating Phase: 建立关系阶段:
•建立起关系 •构筑信用
Relationship Strategies: 关系策略:
它不是:
•一个心理工具去衡量人的个性 •一个把人分类归档的练习
能为你做什么
•通过正确地处理人际关系来提供一个实际的方法进行谈判 •让人际关系来为我们添砖加瓦 •用不同的方法与不同的人相处 •自知天命,
WHAT IT’LL REQUIRE: 相应的要求:
Greater Knowledge Additional Skills
•知道怎样去销售(采购)解决方案 知道怎样去销售(采购) •客户(供应商)/项目管理方面的学识和经验 客户(供应商) •谈判 •人与人之间的互动力 •客户服务/供应商沟通
•客户(供应商)的业务 客户(供应商) •终端使用者的要求 •新的产品,服务和应用
WinWin-win Negotiation
双赢谈判技巧
Prepared by Bill Xu
Preface
前言
•什么是谈判? •谈判与讨价还价有什么不同?
What negotiators advise: 谈判者应该注意的:
•多方面的了解情况. •突出你的产品和服务的优势 •设定高的目标 •有技巧的处理信息 •全盘了解你自己的优势 •满足客户的需要而不是愿望 •有计划的退让
•我有什么优势? •我是不是应该用偷袭/压力策略? •我应怎样对应对方的压力策略? •我是否应该请第三方介入? •是否应有一个团队参加谈判,权威人物是否应排除在外? •是否应用欺骗手段? •我是否应计划过高/低出价? •我想给客户(供应商)造成什么印象? 我想给客户(供应商)
Approach Strategy: Principles of Effective Negotiation Strategy 有效谈判的基本原则:

NEGOTIATION SKILL

NEGOTIATION SKILL

[转帖]NEGOTIATION SKILL & STRATEGY谈判技巧与策略(NEGOTIATION SKILL & STRATEGY):1.谈判的定义:“谈判”,或有些人称之为“协商”或“交涉”,是担任采购工作最吸引人部分之一。

谈判通常是用在金额大的采购上,由于本公司是自选式量贩广场,采购金额很大,因此谈判工作格外地重要。

采购谈判一般都误以为是“讨价还价”,谈判在韦氏大辞典的定义是:“买卖之间商谈或讨论以达成协议”。

故成功的谈判是一种买卖之间经过计划、检讨、及分析的过程达成互相可接受的协议或折中方案。

这些协议或折中方案里包含了所有交易的条件,而非只有价格。

谈判与球赛或战争不同之点在于:在球赛或战争中只有一个赢家,另一个是输家;在成功的谈判里,双方都是赢家,只是一方可能比另一方多赢一些,这种情况是商业的常事,也就是说谈判技巧较好的一方理应获得较多的收获。

1.谈判的目标:在采购工作上,谈判通常有五项目标:(1)为相互同意的质量条件的商品取得公平而合理的价格。

(2)要使供货商按合约规定准时与准确地执行合约。

(3)在执行合约的方式取得某种程度的控制权。

(4)说服供货商给本公司最大的合作。

(5)与表现好的供货商取得互利与持续的良好关系。

2.平而合理的价格:谈判可单独与供货商进行或由数家供货商竞标的方式来进行。

单独进行时,采购人员最好先分析成本或价格。

数家竞标时,采购人员应选择两三家较低的供货商,再分别与他们谈判,求得公平而合理的价格。

3.交货期:在采购工作上交货期通常是供货商的最大问题。

大多是因为:(1)采购人员订货时间太短,供货商生产无法配合。

(2)采购人员在谈判时,未将交货期的因素好好考虑。

不切实际的交货期将危害供货商的商品质量,并增加他们的成本,间接会使供货商的价格提高。

故采购人员应随时了解供货商的生产状况,以调整订单的数量及交货期。

4.供货商的表现:表现不良的供货商往往会影响到本公司的业绩及利润,并造成客户的不满。

商务谈判Negotiation1-原则

商务谈判Negotiation1-原则

Course Milestone商务谈判概论商务谈判策略商务谈判原则商务谈判技巧谈判礼仪风度本讲的目的⏹通过本讲你会掌握:⏹双赢的原则、时间的原则、公平的原则、 谈判地位的原则、心理运用的原则,谈判的信息原则时间的原则商务谈判的指导思想体系双赢的原则⏹兼顾双方利益的原则(双赢的原则)⏹什么是赢⏹兼顾双方利益的原则(双赢的原则)⏹谈判成本利益重合度⏹⏹兼顾双方利益的原则(双赢的原则)⏹双赢技巧的使用⏹把利益做大,把蛋糕做大⏹从对方考虑-(女影星的故事)⏹求同存异创造双赢的谈判思维分析,演绎,综合,推理,判断时间的原则商务谈判的指导思想体系双赢的原则⏹时间原则急者败,慢者胜⏹⏹时间原则⏹时间筹码的使用时机⏹1.对方迟迟不做决定时⏹2.拖延时机对我方不利时⏹3.时间充裕时⏹时间原则⏹能令自己获得最佳谈判效果之任何时间都是适当的时间⏹创造时间筹码有三种基本技巧⏹具体期限⏹时机(结合环境),和⏹死限⏹时间原则⏹掌控谈判的时间技巧面对时间压力的对策⏹时间原则-【自检】⏹时间筹码的应用⏹时间兵法三十六计⏹以逸待劳⏹明修栈道、暗渡陈仓⏹趁火打劫⏹假痴不癫业务谈判中的时间筹码应用管理谈判中的时间筹码应用时间的原则商务谈判的指导思想体系谈判地位公平的原则⏹公平原则⏹按边际效应⏹公平原则⏹按心疼的程度⏹公平原则⏹按机会均等⏹公平原则⏹定量计算商务谈判的指导思想体系谈判地位的原则公平的 原则⏹谈判地位的原则⏹如何在对方的心目中提高自己的地位?⏹人为制造竞争⏹表明学识⏹韧性⏹谈判地位的原则⏹苦肉计-激起同情心⏹毫不畏惧-产生畏惧的心理⏹谈判地位的原则⏹权势筹码的使用时机⏹布局——建立制高点、抢占上风⏹展开——威吓对方、拉拢对方⏹应变——脱困、强化筹码⏹缔结——保证、威胁⏹谈判地位的原则⏹创造权势筹码的技巧⏹竞争⏹获得授权-位高言重⏹未获授权⏹知识(情报)谈判地位的原则⏹谈判权势筹码的攻守策略⏹变单一问题为复合问题⏹锯箭法⏹谈判权势筹码的攻守策略补锅法⏹商务谈判的指导思想体系心理运用的原则谈判地位 的原则心理运用的原则⏹马斯洛的需求层次论⏹David 像商务谈判的原则⏹心理活动的原则⏹无欲则无求,人必须有欲 望,才能想做事。

Negotiation Skills商务谈判

Negotiation Skills商务谈判
OFFEND OR SUGGEST SOMETHING UNPLEASANT TO THE LISTENER.
HUMOR SKILL
• HUMOROUS LANGUAGE CAN MAKE THE SERIOUS STAGE IN NEGOTIATION BECOME MORE ACCEPTABLE

TIME LIMIT
• FIXING TIME LIMIT IS NECESSARY, IT WILL DRIVE AWAY THE SLOW-MOVING, CREATE A TENSE
ATMOSPHERE, AND LEAD THE TWO SIDES TO FOCUS ON THE ISSUE.
LANGUAGE SKILLS
NEGOTIATION SKILLS
IMPLICATIONS AND EUPHEMISM
• “I AGREE WITH MOST OF WHAT YOU SAY.” • EUPHEMISM NEGATIVE APPROACH • WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
AND COMFORTABLE.
• USED TO:
• REFUTE FALLACIES • CONFIRM CONFIDENCE • CONVINCE ADVANTAGES • CREATE A GOOD ATMOSPHERE
• EXAMPLE: I AM DISAPPOINTED. THERE ARE NO ISSUES WE NEED TO DEBATE ABOUT.
Who they negotiate with What they negotiate about
Where they negotiate
OVERVIEW OF NEGOTIATION SKILLS

商务谈判Negotiation3-策略

商务谈判Negotiation3-策略

Course Milestone商务谈 判概论商务谈 判策略商务谈 判原则商务谈 判技巧谈判礼 仪风度本讲目的⏹ 通过本讲,你能够:⏹掌握谈判策略的运用原则⏹ 掌握谈判中常用的九种策略谈判策略策略谈判犹如行船启好航,稳好舵,撑好帆,管好人,靠好岸。

谈判策略运用⏹ 刻意运用,⏹ 流于自然,⏹不露痕迹。

高起点要求策略⏹也叫先苦后甜策略⏹ 高起点要求策略是我方首先向对方提出比较苛刻的条件,再依据谈判 情势做出让步,以换取对方心理上的满足。

高起点要求策略⏹ 该策略成功的辅助手段⏹ 电话--谈判中的道具拖延和休会策略当谈判遇到障碍,陷入僵局的时候,如对方提出的报价过于苛刻,或对方 急于求成,而我方还需做进一步评 估,这时采用拖延和休会策略可以说 是一种最佳的选择。

⏹以己之长,攻他这短。

常用招数如下:⏹“激将法”⏹“抹润滑油”法⏹“揪小辫”法⏹先易后难⏹“激将法”⏹用巧妙的语言,如迎合对方心理需要的言词或用反语、嘲弄话刺激对方,从而达到我方的谈判目的⏹“感将法”⏹“宠将法”心理运用的原则避实就虚策略⏹ “抹润滑油”法⏹ 从词义上解释为使问题得以顺利解决而使用的“润滑剂”,是谈判的辅助手段。

⏹“揪小辫”法投石问路策略⏹投石问路策略就是了解对方情况的一 种战术。

⏹ 在谈判气氛紧张或陷入僵局时,它还可以缓和谈判气氛,探测对方的反应 和意图。

⏹也称作“最后一分钟”策略,或“最后通牒策略。

”⏹属于立场型谈判⏹如果对方采用此策略,如何应对?⏹最后通牒的四个条件⏹在糕饼上撒糖霜⏹柔和而婉转⏹不会被干预的秘诀-最高预算⏹在有限的方式中作选择,绝不要逼得对方毫无余地声东击西策略⏹应用这种策略时,往往是谈判中遇到 了一定的难题,双方僵持不下。

⏹也叫明修栈道,暗渡陈仓⏹ 明明我的目的在这,但我就是不跟你说我实际的目的,声东击西策略⏹“东”“西”两物为标,忽东忽西为行。

⏹ 做法:⏹两个客观议题⏹制造声势⏹ 交换条件⏹ 忌讳⏹“声东”无理⏹“击西”误时利用专家策略⏹现代科技发展使个人不可能成为各方 面的专家。

Negotiation谈判技巧

Negotiation谈判技巧

..some minutes later...
Student: I must get an A or I will be deported. Professor: Can't you understand? You got an F, not an A! Student: Ok, I take a B.
13
兵贵胜不贵久。故百战百胜,非善之善者 也;不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也。 夫未战而庙算胜者,得算多也;未战而庙 算不胜者,得算少 也。多算胜,少 算不 胜,而况于无算乎!吾以此观之,胜负见 矣。
14
西汉公司(1)
刘总的 策 划总监老张 要 求留职停薪六个 月
•ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้刘总倚重老张策划能 力 强 , 在打天下之际希 望 老
Student: I have come to tell you that I must get A in your course. Professor: From looking at your records, I see that your attendance was spotty, your homework was very poor, and you bombed the final. By the most generous grading policy, you get an F. Student: I must get A. It is forced by my scholarship. If I do not get A my scholarship will end and I must go back to my home country. Professor: I can't give you an A. The grades have been turned in. You deserve an F and you got an F. Student: But I have to get an A! Professor: Look, if I were to report grades dishonestly I could get fired from my job. I can't change the grade.

原则式谈判Principled Negotiation

原则式谈判Principled Negotiation

场、态度和情绪影响: 1、理解对手对问题的认知 ①换位思考, 站在对方的立场看待问题 ②挑战对方对问题的认识。 ③提出符合对方价值标准而非对方认知的建议 2、观察情绪 ①承认情绪的客观存在和合情合理; ②不受对方情绪的影响,将情绪解读为针对问题 3、有效沟通 ①认真倾听并提问 ②发言让对方理解自己
原则二:聚焦利益而非立场
– – – – commonalities? if not, importance to the parties? logical reason to address one issue first? Construct an agenda for dealing with multiple issues.
Personal Barriers to Effective Negotiation
In the best situations, people still have
difficulty when dealing with conflict. We are human. But there are three things that are very destructive to a collaborative negotiation process. It is important for us to consider the extent to which these factors -defensiveness, hidden agendas, and negative influence tactics -- may derail our process.
Negative Influence Tactics
– talking over someone else – dominating the conversation or holding the floor – semantic boxing (arguing over terms rather than the issue) – being overly ambiguous – withdrawing from the conversation – being very pessimistic – threatening others

谈判技巧

谈判技巧

Successful Negotiation 成功的谈判 Negotiation Process 谈判过程
• Internal Mandate 内部要求
• External Negotiations 外部协商 • Getting Internal Support 得到内部支持
External Negotiations 外部协商
有高期望值的人,在面对低期望值的人,在任何情况下总能胜利
Successful Negotiation 成功的谈判 Planning & Preparation for process 计划与准备过程
• Objectives - long & short term 目标 - 长期和短期目标
• Identifying & prioritizing negotiation issues 确定谈判问题,依重要性排列 • Range of options available 列出所能得到的可能性 • Setting limits on negotiable issues 对可商确的问题给出限定 • Assessing the above of the other parties 对对手的上述方面做出估计 • Checking limits for reasonableness 检查限定的合理性
Internal Mandate 内部要求 Getting Internal Support 得到内部支持
Successful Negotiation 成功的谈判 Case Study 1: Planning & Preparation (10 Mins) 案例1:计划与准备 (10分钟)
• Select an individual/business entity that you are currently (or

谈判沟通技巧提升培训

谈判沟通技巧提升培训

/谈判沟通管理/
ONLINE CONFERENCE REPORT
汇报人:
时间:202
二 谈判策略——3、讨价还价策略
有取舍的让步
(1)不作无谓的让步; (2)让步要让得恰到好处; (3)有节奏的缓慢让步; (4)如果做出的让步欠周妥,应及早收回; (5)即使做出的让步使我方损失不大,也要使对方觉得让步来之不易; (6)在准备让步时,尽量让对方先提条件,先隐蔽自己的观点与想法; (7)让步的目标,必须反复明确; (8)在接受对方让步时应心安理得。
03 谈判技巧——提问技巧
3.提问的其他注意事项 注意提问的速度 注意对手的心境 提问后给对方以足够的答复时间 提问应尽量保持问题的连续性
03 谈判技巧——答复技巧
1.不要彻底答复对方的提问 2.针对提问者的真实心理答复 3.不要确切答复对方的提问 4.降低提问者追问的兴致 5.让自己获得充分的思考时间 6.礼貌地拒绝不值得答复的问题 7.找借口拖延答复
■ 合作性谈判
(“双赢”谈判 )
一 群体沟通的优缺点—对抗性谈判与合作性谈判比较
预期的目标 对对方的观感 谈判的导向
让步妥协的做法
谈判时间
对抗性谈判
合作性谈判
短期,双方目标不相协调都在竞取 长期,同时强调眼下实利和长
眼下的实利,无视长期关系的发展 期合作关系
不信任,怀疑,相互提防
开诚布公,倾向于相信对方
· 谈判地点
目标
· 我们的目的是什么 · 所期望最佳结果 · 可接受的最坏结果
一 谈判的准备工作
优势与不足
· 我们的优势——技术、价格、经验时间等 · 我们的劣势——技术、价格、经验时间等
· 我们对对方的优势、劣势分析

ContractNegotiation合同谈判技巧共59页

ContractNegotiation合同谈判技巧共59页
ContractNegotiation合同 谈判技巧
Intro / Objectives
Contract and Negotiation
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
What is a Contract?
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
Consideration
▪ Exchange of promises or things of value ▪ ‘Gratuitous’ promises may not b to do something or to refrain from
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
What is an Offer
• Proposal made by one party ( offeror ) to another ( offeree ) manifesting a willingness to enter into a bargain • An offer must:
— have clear intent — be definite — be communicated (oral, written or by conduct)
Contract Training Privileged and Confidential
Mutual Assent
• In commercial agreements, presumption is that contracting parties intend to be legally bound • Both parties must willingly agree to the terms of the contract • One party cannot be coerced or put under duress or threats • Contract cannot be obtained by fraud or mistake
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• 开场: 别 急着议 价
– 建立良 好 关系 – 探讨各 方 取舍意向、 需 要 、 限 制
• 利 用 差 异寻求双赢
– 小组作业: 左 思 要 出 版 《三都赋》 , 索稿费最少14 万 , 洛阳出 版 社只允最多12万 。 有没有ZOPA ? – 假 定 书只能卖5万或10万册, 左 思 认 为卖10万册的 概率是 0.8, 出 版社认 为 是 0.3 , 有没有 谈 判 余
• 谈 判 者 /组员 的 工作责任、 影 响 力 、 公 司结构 • 谈 判 者 的 经 验 、 激进/温和 、 决策速度 • 猜测对手的 目 标
21
在大目标的前提下保持弹性
• • • •
谈 判 过 程停停走走 等待的 选 择 权 双 方 积极增强本身的 BATNA 谈 判者的改变
水因地而制流,兵因敌而制胜。故兵无常 势,水无常形,能因敌变化而取胜者,谓 之神。
10
练习:刘备借荆州
• 孙权要 告 刘 备 借荆州 不 还 , 刘必须赔偿100以换荆州的 使 用 权 。 孙 必胜, 但 双 方 必须各 付 20 的 庭费。 官 司期间 刘 可 从 荆州获 益 5 , 孙则损失8。 双 方 可 庭 外 和 解 , 但 要
如何谈 判 ?
• 庭 外 和 解 能 给 孙 、 刘更好 的 回报吗(创造 价 值 ) ? • 双 方 和 解 的 BATNA和 底 线 为 何 ? ZOPA为何? • 价 值 会平分吗?
– 老张会 怎 样应对 ?
• 刘总高压使老张屈服是最优选 择 吗? • 可能方 案
– 缩短留职停 薪 – 在淡季留职 停 薪 – 部分时间制
• 问题要 点 : 为 何老张 要 休长假?
16
西汉公司(2)
为何老张要 休 长假?
• 儿子年底要 参 加高考 , 能 力 上有点 不 足 , 张太 太/家教又帮不 上 • 儿子希 望 考到省 外 的 名 牌大学 • 老张想好好监督 , 并促进亲子 关 系 • 目前工作太量大 , 周末时 间 不 够 用
Student: I have come to tell you that I must get A in your course. Professor: From looking at your records, I see that your attendance was spotty, your homework was very poor, and you bombed the final. By the most generous grading policy, you get an F. Student: I must get A. It is forced by my scholarship. If I do not get A my scholarship will end and I must go back to my home country. Professor: I can't give you an A. The grades have been turned in. You deserve an F and you got an F. Student: But I have to get an A! Professor: Look, if I were to report grades dishonestly I could get fired from my job. I can't change the grade.
7
整 合 型 谈 判 要点
• 两 步 走 : 创 造共同 价 值 、 分 享经济价值 • 提供关于我 方 的讯息
– 利 益 和限制 – 议 题 的偏好
• • • •
解释希望交易的 原 因 思 考 和 揭 露额外 能 力 和 资 源 运 用 我 方 的 讯 息 增 加共同 利 益 通 过 交 易 创 造 价 值 **
1
谈 判 技巧
(Negotiation Skills)
• 谈 判 技 巧 能 学 吗? • 谈 判 的种类 • 基本概念
– 最 优 替 代 方 案 (BATNA:Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement) – 底线 (Reservation Price) – 协 同 区 (ZOPA: Zone of Potential Agreement) • 谈 判 九 部 曲:步骤
这些资讯如何改变刘总的 谈 判 战 略 ?
17
谈 判 九部曲
--------------------------------------5. 注意授权伎俩 6. 尽量发 现 对 方 人员、 文 化 、 目标、 程 序 7. 保持弹性 8. 收集外 部 标准和规范 9. 将 谈 判 导 向对我 方 有 利 的 方 向
5
分 配 型 谈 判 重点
• 资讯的 重 要 性 :知 己 知 彼 者 , 百 战 不 殆
– 对方的处境、偏好 、 BATNA – 隐蔽我方的BATNA
例子:春节宿舍租金的问题 • 第一次出价/要价:
– 心里定位效应 – 利用讯息 – 要求太高会吓跑对方
6
有 房出租的 例子
– 房东底 线 1000, 房 客 底 线 1500 , 不 知 对 方 底 线 。 – 房东猜 房 客 底 线 =1250-1750, 出 价 1600 – 房客猜 房 东 底 线 =1500(定 锚 ) 。 。 成 交 1450 – 若 房 东 出 价 =1250/5000, 结 果 会 如 何 ?
8
通过交易创 造 价值
• 两个原理
– 双 方 对 所 要求东西 的 重 要 性顺序不 同 – 我 求 你 所 舍 , 你求我 所 舍
• 分 配 工 作 例子:各 做 一 半 为 起 点
9
BATNA、 底线、 协 同区
• 例子: 宿 舍 租 金3千/月, 外 面房子 较 优 , 愿 付 4 千 。 房东开 价 5千。 我 和 房 东 的 谈 判 : • 什么是 BATNA、 底 线 、 协 同 区(ZOPA) ? • 底 线 和 BATNA相 同 吗 ? • 优势和 弱 势BATNA: 示 强 隐 弱 • 改善我 方 BATNA 、 确 认 对 方 BATNA 、 削弱对 方 BALeabharlann NA• 保持现状的 代 价
– 不 谈 判 有 什么坏处?
• 寻求援助
– 找有力 的 靠山说话
27
创 造 好的开始
• 解除紧张气氛 • 确定双 方 了解议题 • 讨论谈 判 程 序
– 透露小部份考量/利 益 , 观 察 对 方 反 应(回应/攻 击)
• 表示善意 • 观察对 方 风格
– 推敲对 方 的 假 设
22
收集外部标准和规范
• 协 议 可 在 ZOPA达 成 , 而 各 盈 余(Surplus)
• 但 各 方 对 盈余的 分 配 有 “ 公平”的 需 求
– 为何对 我 有利的标准是适合的 – 为何对 我 不利的标准是不适合的
23
将谈 判 导向对我方有 利的方向
• 在场外 对 有影响 力 的 人 作“思 想 工作” (Lobbying)
• 诺 干 战术问 题 • 连环谈 判
2
为 什 么 要有系统 地掌握 谈判技巧?
• 经 验 不 一 定 是 个 好 老师!
– 确 定 性 反 馈 (Cognitive Dissonance)
• 直 觉 (Intuition)
– 没 有 可 用 框 架 , 难 “复制”成 效
‧讯息不 全 面 -- 主 观 意识 (Cognitive Hard Wiring)
18
授权伎俩
• 两 轮 /小组 谈 判
– 第一轮:找出您的底 线 – 第二轮 : 说上头反对 , 再 要 您退让
• 应对方 法
– 认 定 对 手 的 决 策权限 >坚 持 和 决 策者谈 判 – 确 定 游戏规则: 可 选择不 做 出 承 诺 – 利 用 机 会 讨论您关心 的 利 益 和 共 创 造 价 值 的 可 能 – 保留议 价 空 间 / 强 烈表达已到了底 线
11
12
谈 判 九部曲
1. 双 方 期望怎样的 局 面 ? 2. 寻找加 大 共 同 利 益 的 方 案 3. 确 认 双 方 BATNA 和 底 线 4. 强 化 我 方 BATNA --------------------------------------------5. 注意授权伎俩 6. 尽量发现对 方 人员、 文 化 、 目标、 程 序 7. 保 持 弹 性 8. 收 集 外 部 标准和 规 范 9. 将 谈 判 导 向 对 我 方 有 利 的 方 向
• 建立良好基调
– 茶 、 沏茶、 沏 好 茶 – 闲话家常
28
分配型谈 判
• • • • •
定锚:先出 价 的 优 势 何 时 出手?有信心知道对 方 底线时 如何定 价 ?靠近对方 底 线 定锚之 源 : 旧 价 ( 外 在 ) 、 先出价 ( 内在) 。。 反定锚
– 抗拒以 对 方 的 出 价 为心理依据 – 定 锚 作用在 不 越 确 定 情 况下越 强 – 收 集 资讯(如 其 他 成 交 价 ) , 要 对 方 提 出 定 价 的 原

29
• 让步
– 大退让暗示弹性 , 小退让暗示靠近 底 线 – 退让前再看我方 的 BATNA – 谈 判 压力大时, 在 退让前小休 – 退让价 设 期限
• 结束谈 判
– 记得“见 好 就收” – 保留弹性(议 价 空 间 ) – 阻挡对 方 再次要 求 退让 – 记录谈 判 条件
30
整合 型谈 判
..some minutes later...
Student: I must get an A or I will be deported. Professor: Can't you understand? You got an F, not an A! Student: Ok, I take a B.
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