2012年5月成人英语三级考试真题、答案、解析

北京地区本科学士学位英语统一考试
2012年5月12日
6. According to the passage, poor sleep can be linked to all of the following EXCEPT
A. heart disease
B. car accidents
C. skin problems
D. poor concentration
6．C.问题问“依据短文，睡眠不好可能与下列的选项相关联，除了哪个选项以外？”
. As the school year kicks off, parents are once again straggling to cajole (哄编)and, if need be, drag their exhausted teens out of bed. That image may make you laugh, but lack of sleep is no joke. (77) Teenagers who don’t get enough rest have more learning. health~ behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night.Long-term lack of sleep is tied to heart disease,（与选项A呼应）overweight, depression and a shortened life span in adults, indicating the importance of establishing good sleep habits early in life. Lack of sleep can be especially deadly for teens; car accidents are the leading cause of death among teenagers, and safety experts believe sleepy driving is a major factor.（与选项B呼应）
Unfortunately, few teenagers get the sleep they need. In a survey of middle- and high-school students, University of Colorado researchers found that 82 percent said they woke up tired and unrefreshed, and more than half had trouble concentrating during the day at least once a week.（与选项D呼应）
只有C没有在文章中提到。

7. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is
A. how sleep deprivation (缺乏) can be treated
B’ what causes sleep deprivation
C. who is most at risk for sleep deprivation
D. why sleep deprivation is a serious concern
分析：问题问“第三段的大意是什么？”
Blame multitasking for some of this. Many students are juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs. Even when they manage to fulfill these obligations by a reasonable hour, television, the Internet, video games, phone calls and text messages to friends often keep them awake deep into the night. Taking soda and energy drinks late in the day and going to late-night parties on weekends add to sleep debt. Biology also works against teenagers’ sleep, The body’s internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty (青春期), making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 pm. Class usually begins before 8:15 am, with many high schools starting as early as 7:15 am. To get to school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 am, guara nteeing they’ll be sleep-deprived during the week. Teens often sleep much later on weekends to catch up, making it even harder to fall asleep on Sunday night and wake up Monday morning. Playing catch-up
on weekends also doesn’t help teens stay refreshed wh en they need it most: during the week at school.
这段文字主要讲述了造成青少年睡眠不足的原因：除了学习以外，还有很多的事情要做；很晚了还喝苏打水和功能饮料，参加周末开到深夜的聚会，每天开始上课的时间太早等。

因此答案为B.
8. What does the word “juggling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Dealing with at the same time.
B. Striking a balance between.
C. Applying for.
D. Having difficulty in.
8. A。

问题问“第三段中的juggling是什么意思？”juggle一词的基本意义是“杂耍”。

前一句提出观点“同时做多件事情是应该对此承担一部分责任”，然后接下来说“许多学生在课后活动，家庭作业和兼职工作之间耍杂耍”。

依据这两个句子的意义判断“同时应对”是答案。

该题写作逻辑：概括+解释
9. Which of the following is NOT to bla me for teenagers’ lack of sleep?
A. Multitasking.
B. Biological clock. :
C. Weekend catch-up sleep.
D. Healthy diet.
9．问题问“下面哪个选项不是造成青少年睡眠不足的原因？”
Blame multitasking for some of this.（与选项A呼应）Many students are juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs. Even when they manage to fulfill these obligations by a reasonable hour, television, the Internet, video games, phone calls and text messages to friends often keep them awake deep into the night. Taking soda and energy drinks late in the day and going to late-night parties on weekends add to sleep debt. Biology also works against teenagers’ sleep,（与选项B 一致）The body’s internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty (青春期), making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 pm. Class usually begins before 8:15 am, with many high schools starting as early as 7:15 am. To get to school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 am, guaranteeing they’ll be sleep-deprived during the week. Teens often sleep much later on weekends to catch up, making it even harder to fall asleep on Sunday night and wake up Monday morning.（与选项C呼应）Playing catch-up on weekends also doesn’t help teens stay refreshed when they need it most: during the week at school.
只有D没有在文章中提及。

其实D（健康的饮食）可以直接依据常识判断出来是答案。

10. According to the passage, what have some schools done to help their students get enough sleep?
A. Educating their students about the importance of sleep.
B. Monitoring their students’ late-night activities.
C. Delaying school start times.
D. Setting strict rules.
10．问题问“依据文章来看，一些学校做了什么来帮助学生获得充足的睡眠？”（第10题相关句）Since the 1990s, middle and high schools in more than two dozen states have experimented with later school start times.(78) The results have been
encouraging.’ more sleep, increased attendance, better grades and fewer driving accidents. But most schools still start early, meaning teens have their work cut out for them if they want to get enough sleep.
相关句说“自从20世纪90年代以来，美国20多个州的中学和高中已经在尝试推迟学校开课的时间”，因此C是答案。

Passage 3
11. According to the passage, young people in Britain .
A. are used to showing up for work
B. value unpaid work very much
C. are always opposed to unpaid work
D. could learn something about job security through unpaid work
分析：D。

问题问“依据文章来看，英国的年轻人…”文章开头就提到“As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job./正如任何中产阶级的父母所知道的那样，不带薪的工作经历会引导年青人了解什么是稳定的工作。

”这与选项D（可能会通过不带薪的工作经历而对获得关于稳定工作的认识）一致。

12. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Most voters support the government’s effort to help young people to find work.
B. Some people protest against the government’s attempt to force young people to
work.
C. There are more than one million young people who took part in the program.
D. There are more than one million young people who are jobless.
分析：问题问“依据文章来看，下面哪个选项陈述的意义不正确？”
As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job. The government has recognized it too, abandoning rules in 2011 that had formerly stopped 16- to 24-year-o!ds from doing unpaid work while claiming unemployment benefit. But moving from that to forcing them to work without pay in order to collect these benefits has proved a big step.
(79) More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s.（与选项D意义一致）Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages that may result from early unemployment, the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work. A key part of it is ensuring that no one gets benefit from the government for long; ministers are keen to avoid what happened after the early- 1980s recession (~/l/), when unemployment continued in some parts of the country for a long time after the economy began to improve.
To help young people into work, ministers had persuaded lots of employers, including bakery chains, bookshops, and supermarkets, to take on unemployed youths, who receive work experience but no pay, with the prospect of a proper job for those who shine. (80) Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme.
The idea of getting young adults used to showing up for work is popular with voters: according to a survey published in February, about 60% of people support the program.（与选项A意义一致）Equally attractive was the option of compelling them to work: Under the existing arrangements youngsters could choose whether or not to accept a place, but if they dropped out after the end of the first week, they stood to lose up to two weeks’ benefits.
Yet the scheme has also polarized (两极分化的) opinion: a third of people are consistently opposed.（与选项B意义一致）Following a noisy “Right to Work” campaign that accused employers of co-operating secretly with the government in “forced labor”, several firms dropped out of the program. To prevent this from getting worse, Chris Grayling, an employment minister, admitted that young people could leave their work experience at any time without being punished for doing so. This not only halted the flight of employers (for now, at least) but also enabled him to announce that new firms have agreed to take part in the program.
选项C是文章中没有提及的信息，因此答案为C。

13. According to the author, the British government is trying to .
A. punish young people if they are not cooperating with it
B. reform the unemployed youngsters
C. avoid the economic slowdown
D. reduce welfare spending
分析：问题问“依据作者来看，英国政府正试图…”
As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job. The government has recognized it too, abandoning rules in 2011 that had formerly stopped 16- to 24-year-o!ds from doing unpaid work while claiming unemployment benefit. But moving from that to forcing them to work without pay in order to collect these benefits has proved a big step.
(79) More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s. Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages that may result from early unemployment, the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work. A key part of it is ensuring that no one gets benefit from the government for long; (与选项D意义一致)ministers are keen to avoid what happened after the early- 1980s recession (~/l/), when unemployment continued in some parts of the country for a long time after the economy began to improve.
第二段中的句子说: the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work(政府已经引入了一个改革计划,这个计划要使年轻人脱离福利救济, 靠工作养活自己).,由此推出政府这样做的目的也是为了试图减少在社会福利方面的支出.因此答案为D.
14. The word “shine” in Paragraph 3 means ““.
A. do well
B. reflect light
C. look happy
D. produce light
分析：A.问题问”第三段中shine的词义是什么?
To help young people into work, ministers had persuaded lots of employers, including bakery chains, bookshops, and supermarkets, to take on unemployed youths, who receive work experience but no pay, with the prospect of a proper job for those who shine. (80) Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme.
Shine从其所在的句子来看,应该理解为”工作出色”,因为其所在的句子说: “那些有不带薪的工作经历的年轻人中…的人有希望找到一份合适工作” .
15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A. Enjoy Work Without Pay
B. Can Work, Won’t Work
C. Should Work, Shouldn’t Play
D. Ha te Work or Love Work
分析：A.问题问“下面哪个选项是这篇短文最合适的标题？”这篇文章文章主要围绕英国政府采用的”让年轻人不带薪工作”的政策进行了介绍和分析,分析采用这项政策的原因和目的,以及带来的社会反应.选项A贴近文章主题.
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)
Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
16. Please give Jim the schedule for tomorrow’s conference when he back. He is to chair the conference.
A. will come
B. come
C. comes
D. came
16.答案为C.时间状语从句需要用一般时态（一般现在时态，一般过去时态）表示将来。

17. five minutes earlier, you would not have missed the last train for Shanghai, but you were late.
A. Had you come
B. Do you come
C. Did you come
D. Should you come
17．答案为A.该题考虚拟条件句。

“完成对完成”
18. After he worked out the solution, appeared a smile on his face.
A. it
B. here
C. what
D. there
18．答案为D. there appeared是there be句型的一种变形，其的意义为“似乎有…”
19. the former president’s supp orters went out in streets to express their anger and dissatisfaction.
A. A small amount of
B. A large number of
C. A little bit of
D. A great deal of
19．答案为B. a large number of修饰可数名词
20. To be honest, today’s dinner was just so-so. It wasn’t such a good one ___promised by the boss.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
20．答案为C. as引导的从句与such呼应，形成“It wasn’t such a good one ___promised by the boss/宴会不如老板承诺的那么好”
21. So many people ______ the meeting had to be put off.
A. being absent
B. to be absent
C. were absent
D. had been absent
21.答案为A. so many people being absent构成独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。

22. We often advise him not to drink more is good for his health.
A. as
B. that
C. than
D. but
22．答案为C. m ore than…比…多
23.—Did Charles vote in the last election?
—No, he wasn’t .
A. enough old then
B. then enough old
C. old then enough
D. old enough then
23．答案为D. enough修饰形容词要出现在形容词的后面。

24. By no means look down on those who are less lucky in life than we are.
A. we should
B. should we
C. we should not
D. should we not
24．答案为B.该题考部分倒装。

25. He didn’t feel like that day so he stayed indoors reading.
A. working
B. works
C. to work
D. worked
25．答案为A. feel like + doing
26. No sooner had we started on the road it began to rain.
A. when
B. than
C. then
D. whenever
26.答案为B. no sooner…than…/一…就…
27. He decided to go for a sailing holiday the fact that he was usually Seasick (晕船).
A. because of
B. in spite of
C. in case of
D. as a result of
27.答案为B. in spite of是“尽管”
28. What you do in your spare time is your own . However it should not be harmful to others.
A. business
B. purchase
C. bargain
D. sale
28.答案为A. one’s business/某人的事情
29. As a gardener, Jim has to water the flowers and the grass in the garden
every morning.
A. trim
B. improve
C. refine
D. repair
29．答案为A(修整)。

30. The firemen are still the small fires started by the plane crash.
A. taking off
B. setting aside
C. getting along with
D. putting out
30．答案为D(扑灭)。

31. He didn’t live up to had been expected of him.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. all
31．答案为B.介词后面出现的从句是宾语从句。

从句缺少主语，因此B或C 是答案。

which引导的名词从句空格后常出现单数名词，但题干中空格后没有出现单数名词，因此答案为B.
32. The old couple decided to a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.
A. adapt
B. bring
C. receive
D. adopt
32．答案为D(收养)。

33. The relationship between employers and employees has been studied .
A. originally
B. extremely
C. violently
D. intensively
33．答案为D(集中地)。

34. The car halfway for no reason.
A. broke off
B. broke down
C. broke up
D. broke out
34．答案为B(坏掉)。

35. The police that he committed a series of crimes in the north of the city.
A. swelled
B. submitted
C. surveyed
D. suspected
35．答案为D(怀疑)。

36. The manager lost his just because his secretary was ten minutes late.
A. mood
B. temper
C. mind
D. passion
36．答案为B。

lose one’s temper/发火
37. We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came view.
A. from
B. in
C. before
D. into
37．答案为D, come into view看得见
38. I have kept that portrait I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of
my university days in London.
A. which
B. where
C. whether
D. when
38. 答案为B(…的地方)。

空格所在的从句是where引导的地点状语从句。

39. The room is in a terrible mess; it cleaned.
A. can’t have been
B. mustn’t have been
C. shouldn’t have been
D. wouldn’t have been
39．答案为A(不可能已经…).. can not have done表示“不可能已经…”,用于对过去发生的事情进行推测。

40. You see the lightning it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant
B. for an instant
C. on the instant
D. in an instant
40．答案为A. (一…就…). The instant（= the moment）用于连接时间状语从句。

41. it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A. Believe
B. To believe
C. Believing
D. Believed
41.答案为A. believe it or not是固定搭配,意义为”信不信由你”
42. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at chemist’s.
A. other
B. some
C. certain
D. any
42.答案为D(任何的).
43. Your hair wants . You’d better have it done to morrow.
A. cut
B. to cut
C. cutting
D. being cut
43.答案为C. “want/require/need +动名词”以主动形式表达被动意义.
44. I don’t think it advisable that Tom to the job since he has no experience.
A. be assigned
B. will be assigned
C. is assigned
D. has been assigned
44.答案为A. advisable是个态度词,该词后面出现的从句谓语结构需要使用虚拟语气((should) +动词原形)
45. The goals he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A. after which
B. with which
C. for which
D. at which
45.答案为C. which在定语从句中替代先行词the goals, 因此for which (= for the goals)意义为”为了实现那些目标”.该句意义为”他奋斗了一生为实现的那些目标似乎对他而言已经不再重要了”.
Part III Identification (10%)
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the
Answer Sheet.
46. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
A B C D
答案为B. that应改为which.
47. Sand painting has also called dry or earth painting and is practiced by
A B C
several American Indian artists.
D
答案为A. has also called应改为has also been called. Call是双宾语动词。

48. Humans, like many other animals, are warm-blooded with a fairly constantly
A B C D
body temperature.
答案为D。

fairly constantly应改为fairly constant。

副词不能修饰名词
49. Now that the stress of examinations and interviews are over, we can all relax
A B C D
for a while.
答案为B。

are应改为is.主语是stress(压力)，是不可数名词。

50. The tallest of the twins went to search for the missing jewels, the picture of
A B
which you saw in to day’s newspaper.
C D
答案为A. tallest应改为taller. 比较范围是Twins，twins是两个人。

51. They are going to havethe serviceman to be installed an electric fan in the
A B C D
office tomorrow.
答案为C. to be installed应改为install
52. Only under special circumstances freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests.
A B C D
答案为C. freshmen are应改为are freshman
53. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time we are going home?
A B C D
答案为D. are going应改为went. It’s about time句型中需要使用虚拟语气。

54. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the three-hours’ movie
A B C
could not hold our attention.
D
答案为C. the three-hours’应改为the three-hour.“数词+单数名词”形成复合形容词。

55. People appreciate to have worked with him because he has a good sense of
A B C
humor.
D
答案为A. to have worked应改为having working。

appreciate + doing
Partly Cloze (10%)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
By the time I finished high school, my interest in animals had grown, and I enrolled at a university to study biology. I learned soon enough that studying animals 56 this level was not in the animals’ best 57. I remember one midterm exam in 58 each student was handed a large, freshly-killed frog and 59 to dissect (解剖)and mark a set of body parts. I looked at the 60 frog in front of me and was saddened that her life was 61 away for such a slight 62.
A year later, in the same lab 63 I dissected the frog, I performed a small act of animal 64. We were 65on fruit flies, and it was time to record the distribution of characteristics in their next generation. Flies were 66 in small plastic bottles. Counting the number of flies with white or red eyes required first exposing them to ether (乙醚) 67 they could not move. The flies were then spread onto a piece of white paper 68 and counted. When the data collection was 69, the flies had no further use, and our instructions were to 70 them into a small glass dish of oil at the center of each desk, which was to be their final resting 71.
Once my little pile of flies had been counted, I pushed them off the edge of the paper. As we recorded our data, I kept one eye 72them. Within minutes the pile was humming (嗡嗡叫) as tiny legs and wings beat their way out of the ether fog. I was extremely excited as they 73 flight. That was my first 74 in refusing to conduct scientific research that treated nonhuman life in a(n) 75 way.
56. A. at B, with
C. for
D. off
57. A. duties B. interests
C. rates
D. hobbies
58. A. what B. that
C, where D. which
59. A. dismissed B. drawn
C. instructed
D. mended
60. A. alive B, dead ~
C. living
D. wounded
61. A. made B. brought
C. taken
D. passed
62. A. reason B. spirit
C. space
D. system
63. A. that B. which
C. what
D. where
64. A. operation B. liberation
C. tendency
D. wealth
65. A. experimenting B. strengthening
C. stimulating
D. substituting
66. A. solved B. soaked
C. recovered
D. kept
67. A. while B. because
C. in case
D. so that
68. A. being examined B. to be examined
C. being operated D- to be operated
69. A. preliminary B. progressive
C. complete
D. curious
70. A. put B. raise
C. rouse D, spoil
71.A. shade B. shadow
C. place
D. stuff
72. A. for B. with
C. at
D. on
73. A. stood B. took
C. sent
D. rode
74, A. step B. review
C. glance
D. gesture
75. A. kind B. generous
C. cruel
D. effective
56~75 ABDCB CADBA DDBCA CDBAC
Part V Translation (20%)
Section A
Directions: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.
76. But the deeper answer is that the tales that have lasted are magical adventures that help children deal with the struggles and fears of their everyday lives.
77. Teenagers who don’t get enough rest have more learning, health, behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night.
78. The results have been encouraging: more sleep, increased attendance, better grades and fewer driving accidents.
79. More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s.
80. Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme.
Section B
Directions: In this part there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly.
81．昨天，我坐在办公室写报告时，小明从英国打电话过来了。

82．想去图书馆的人必须在这里签名。

83．他专心致志地看书，所以没有听到电话响。

84．去年，我在伦敦过的暑假。

85．我学习英语大概有十年了。

参考答案
Part V Translation (20%)
Section A
Directions: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.
76. But the deeper answer is that the tales that have lasted are magical adventures that help children deal with the struggles and fears of their everyday lives.
76．更深层次的答案是：那些流传下来的故事都是关于不可思议的冒险，这些冒险故事能帮助孩子应对日常生活中的挣扎和恐惧。

77. Teenagers who don’t get enough rest have more learning, health, behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night.
77．比起一晚上至少睡9小时的孩子，睡眠不足的孩子在学习，健康，行为和情绪方面都有更多的问题。

78. The results have been encouraging: more sleep, increased attendance, better grades and fewer driving accidents.
78．结果一直很令人振奋：更多的睡眠，出席的人数更多，更好的成绩，更少的交通事故。

79. More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest
number since the mid-1980s.
79．现在在英国有超过100万的年轻人失业，已达到自20世纪80年代中期以来失业人数的最高点。

80. Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme.
80．去年，大约35000个年轻人参加了这个项目，一半在完成项目后很快找到了带薪的工作。

Section B
Directions: In this part there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly.
81．昨天，我坐在办公室写报告时，小明从英国打电话过来了。

81. Yesterday Xiaoming called me from Britain while I was writing my report in the office.
82．想去图书馆的人必须在这里签名。

82. Anyone who wants to go to the library must sign his name here.
83．他专心致志地看书，所以没有听到电话响。

83. He was so absorbed in reading that he didn’t hear the phone ringing.
84．去年，我在伦敦过的暑假。

84. I spent my summer vacation in London last year.
85．我学习英语大概有十年了。

85. I have been learning English for about 10 years.。