语言学概论 试卷5

一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。

nguage is ____ because every language consists of a set of rules.

A. systematic

B. arbitrary

C. displacemental

D. interchangeable

2.Which of the following is an acceptable English form? ( )

A. / gsef /

B. / sa: /

C. / fdik /

D. / piud /

3.Which of the following statement is true? ( )

A. If the initial sound is an affricate, the next sound must be a vowel.

B. Chinese is an intonation language.

C. A phone is defined as a minimal meaningful unit in the sound system of a language.

D. All languages have sequential constrains.

4. A surface structure corresponds most closely to the ______ arrangement of words as they are pronounced.

A. logical

B. linear

C. colocational

D. vertical

5.The study of the meaning of words and sentence s is called ____.

A. syntax

B. linguistic

C. semantics

D. phonology

6.If two or more sounds never appear in the same environment, and the substitution of one sound for another do not involve a change in meaning, they are said to be in

______distribution.( )

A. parallel

B. free

C. complementary

D. contrastive

7. If A and B show a _____ relation in which A is a general term and B is a specific term, then B can be described as “a part of ”A. ( )

A. synonymous

B. hyponymic

C. homographic

D. polynymic

8. If sentences are syntactically well-formed but semantically ill-formed, they are known as semantically_____ sentences. ( )

A. anomalous

B. abnormal

C. normal

D. well-formed

9.The ______ holds that linguistic theory should go beyond the mere description of linguistic structure to explain the functions fulfilled by linguistic forms. ( )

A. Prague School

B. London School

C. American Structuralists

D. psycholinguists

10. Antonyms are called _______ antonyms when they are mutually exclusive. ( )

A. Relational

B. Colligational

C. Gradable

D. Complementary

二、填空题。(每小题1 分，共10 分)

11. According to Chomsky, the actual use of language in concrete situations is called .

12. The study of a language is concerned with a “state “of a language at a particular point of time.

13. The study of speech sounds of all human languages is called .

14. A relation is a relation between a linguistic element in an utterance and linguistic elements outside that utterance, but belonging to the same sub-system

of the language.

15.In terms of lip rounding, vowels are classified into rounded vowels and vowels.

16. A science that is concerned with how words are combined to form phrases and how phrases are combined by rules to form sentences is called .

17. Some transformational rules are obligatory and many are optional. The have to be applied if we want to obtain well-formed sentences.

18. The theory states that people acquire second language only if they obtain comprehensible input and if their affective filters are low enough to allow the

input in.

19. A branch of psychology which deals with the study of nature and learning of systems of knowledge, particularly those processes involved in thought, perception,

comprehension, memory and learning, is called psychology.

20. A linguistic refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from general use.

三、判断改错题。(每小题2 分，共10 分) 如错误，请标明错误之处，并修改。

21. Short vowels /e /, /æ / , / ʌ/ and / ɔ/ do not occur finally in the English language.

22. English is a tone language.

23. Specific linguistics aims at developing a theory that describes the rules of a particular language.

24. Juncture refers to the grammatical boundary features which may demarcate grammatical units such as morpheme, word or clause.