基于单片机的超声波液位测量系统

摘要

超声波液位测量是一种非接触式的测量方式,它是利用超声波在同种介质中传播速度相对恒定以及碰到障碍物能反射的原理研制而成的。与其它方法相比(如电磁的或光学的方法),它不受光线、被测对象颜色的影响，对于被测物处于黑暗、有灰尘、烟雾、电磁干扰、有毒等恶劣的环境下有一定的适应能力。因此，研究超声波在高精度测距系统中的应用具有重要的现实意义。

本设计基于单片机的超声波液位测量系统主要由硬件与软件两部分组成，硬件是基于AT89C51芯片为核心的超声波液位测量，采用AT89C51单片机进行控制及数据处理，给出了超声波发射和接收电路，通过盲区的消除以及环境温度的采样，提高了测距的精确度。利用超声波传输中距离与时间的关系，设计出了能精确测量两点间距离的超声波液位检测系统。此系统具有易控制、工作可靠、测量精度高的优点，可实时检测液位。并有超声波处理模块CX20106A、CD4069组成的超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、单片机复位电路、LED显示电路、报警电路等。软件部分由主程序、预置子程序、发射子程序、接收子程序、显示子程序组成。各探头的信号经单片机综合分析处理。

最后通过实物的调试，各项参数及功能符合设计要求，能达到预期的目的。

关键词：单片机;超声波;温度控制;高精度测距

Abstract

The ultrasonic liquid level measurement is a non-contact measurement method, realized by the principle of ultrasonic wave in the same medium with relatively constant propagation velocity and being reflected when it approaches an obstacle. Compared with other methods (such as electromagnetic or optical method), it has a certain of adaptability when objects to be measured are under such harsh environment as darkness, dust, smoke, electromagnetic interference, toxicity, unaffected by the light or the color of the object to be measured. Therefore, it bears important practical significance to conduct research on the application of ultrasonic wave in high precision ranging system.

In this project, SCM-based ultrasonic liquid level measuring system is mainly composed of two components, namely the hardware and the software. The hardware is ultrasonic liquid level measurement based on AT89C51 chip as the core; it adopts AT89C51 single chip microcomputer for control and data processing, provides the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit, and improves ranging accuracy through elimination of blind spot and sampling of ambient temperature,. By taking advantage of the relationship between distance and time in ultrasonic transmission, an ultrasonic liquid level detecting system which can accurately measure the distance between two points is designed. This system has these advantages like easy control, reliable operation, high measurement precision, and real-time detection of liquid level. And it has ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit, reset circuits of SCM, LED display circuit, alarm circuit composed of ultrasonic processing module CX20106A and CD4069. The software part consists of main program, preset subroutine, transmitting and receiving subroutine, and display subroutine. The probe signal is processed by SCM through comprehensive analysis.

Finally through debugging of real objects, various parameters and functions can meet the project requirements to achieve the desired objective.

Key words: single chip microcomputer (SCM); ultrasonic wave; temperature control; high precision ranging