学术英语写作总结
英文学术报告作文
英文学术报告作文英文：As an academic researcher, I have had the opportunityto attend and present at various conferences and seminars. One of the most important aspects of these events is the ability to communicate effectively with others in the field. In my experience, there are two key elements to successful academic communication: language proficiency and cultural awareness.Firstly, language proficiency is crucial for effective academic communication. This means not only having a strong command of the English language, but also being able to communicate complex ideas in a clear and concise manner. As a non-native English speaker, I have found that practicing my language skills through daily reading, writing, and speaking has greatly improved my ability to communicate effectively with others in the academic community.Secondly, cultural awareness is also important in academic communication. Understanding the cultural normsand expectations of others in the field can help to avoid misunderstandings and promote positive interactions. For example, in some cultures, it may be considered rude to interrupt someone during a presentation, while in others it may be seen as a sign of engagement. Being aware of these cultural differences can help to ensure that communicationis respectful and effective.In summary, language proficiency and cultural awareness are two key elements to successful academic communication. By continually improving our language skills and beingaware of cultural differences, we can promote positive interactions and advance our research in the field.中文：作为一名学术研究人员，我有机会参加和发表各种会议和研讨会。
学术论文写作英语总结
学术论文写作课程总结科研的进步在于科研工作之间交流，讨论，阅读。
在第一节课，老师就告诉我们，面对全球众多的科研工作者来说，本领域学者之间的交流多以文字的形式进行。
英语作为世界各国人们交流的一种流通语言，让那些非英语为母语和以英语为母语国家的科研人员不会对我们投稿的英语学术论文所要表达的内容产生歧义，才能达到学术交流与进步的目的。
在本次的英语学术论文写作课程学习中，我们组经历了第一次的细致分工，到以后的分工与合作相结合的进步。
由于我的研究方向为InSAR监测矿区，在本次论文写作中主要负责我们‘空天地一体化矿区环境灾害监测’中D-InSAR监测矿区部分的实验以及数据分析的工作。
同时，在小组汇报的过程中共同进行了第一部分Introduction 部分的汇报，完成了Authors and Keywords部分PPT的制作与汇报工作。
从选择汇报PPT模板、搜集资料、总结资料，再到最后制作修改完成终稿，最后是台下的汇报演练，每个步骤的实践经历都给了我弥足珍贵的经验。
回首这学期本门课程的学习，我发现自己在慢慢地积累中有了很多的收获。
首先，作为一个学制只有2年的工程硕士，在本学期已经完成了自己学位论文的开题工作，在下一个学期就要着手于自己学位论文的撰写工作。
无论是发表期刊论文，还是撰写自己的学位论文，插入、添加参考文献都曾经是写作的一大难题。
本次课程老师给我们介绍了几款文献管理器（Noteexpress，Endnote）。
通过对文献管理器软件的学习与使用，让我熟悉了文献管理器，在本学期的其他专业课程中的论文写作中已经可以熟练使用，极大的方便了论文写作。
其次，语料库的检索分析，制定自己论文写作方向，都对我的论文写作有着十分重要的作用。
接着就是自己关于学术论文写作方面的收获。
从第一节课开始，老师给我们写学术论文的正确态度，给初入学术写作的我论文写作方面奠定了很好的基础。
原来对英语论文的态度就是从中文的论文通过翻译软件直接进行翻译。
学术英语essay范文
学术英语essay范文As an AI language model, I am tasked with assisting you in writing an academic English essay. Academic writing requires attention to detail, organization, and critical thinking skills. It is essential to carefully analyze the topic, conduct research, and present your ideas in a clear and coherent manner. Writing essays in English can be challenging for non-native speakers, but with practice and diligence, one can improve their writing skills.作为一个AI语言模型，我的任务是帮助你写一篇学术英语论文。
学术写作需要注意细节，组织和批判性思维能力。
仔细分析话题，进行研究，并以清晰连贯的方式提出观点是至关重要的。
对于非英语为母语的人来说，在英语写作方面可能有挑战，但通过练习和努力，可以提高写作技能。
When writing an academic essay, it is important to structure your paper in a logical and coherent manner. Begin with an introduction that clearly states your thesis or main argument. Follow this with body paragraphs that provide evidence and analysis to support your thesis. Finally, conclude your essay by summarizing your main points and restating your thesis. This structure helps to guide the readerthrough your argument and ensures that your ideas are presented effectively.在写学术论文时，重要的是以逻辑和连贯的方式构建论文结构。
新时代研究生学术英语第四单元作文
新时代研究生学术英语第四单元作文In the fast-paced and ever-evolving world of higher education, the role of academic English has become increasingly significant. Especially for graduate students, proficiency in this language is not just a prerequisite for successful research but also a key to unlocking the doors of global opportunities. The fourth unit of "New Era Graduate Academic English" highlights the nuances and complexities of this language, emphasizing its application in various academic contexts.Firstly, the unit focuses on the evolving nature of academic English. With the advent of new technologies and the expansion of the global knowledge base, the language of academia is constantly evolving. Terms and concepts that were once niche or specific to a particular field are now becoming more mainstream, crossing disciplinary boundaries. This shift requires graduate students to be not just passive learners of language but active participants in its evolution.Secondly, the unit delves into the importance ofcritical thinking in academic writing. Academic English isnot just about grammar and vocabulary; it's about expressing ideas clearly, critically, and persuasively. Graduate students are expected to analyze complex issues, synthesize information from multiple sources, and present their findings in a coherent and logical manner. This requires a high level of critical thinking skills, which the unit helps develop through various exercises and assignments.Moreover, the unit emphasizes the role of cultural awareness in academic communication. Academic English is not just a language; it's a cultural construct. Understanding the cultural backgrounds and contexts of different academic communities is crucial for effective communication. Graduate students need to be aware of the nuances of academic writing in different cultures, from the choice of words to the structure of arguments.Lastly, the unit covers the practical application of academic English in research papers and presentations. It provides guidelines on how to structure a research paper, choose appropriate language, and present findings effectively. This is invaluable for graduate students whoare embarking on their research journeys and aim to publish their work in international journals or present their research at international conferences.In conclusion, the fourth unit of "New Era Graduate Academic English" provides a comprehensive and holistic approach to academic writing. It equips graduate students with the language skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural awareness necessary for success in the global academic arena. By mastering these skills, graduatestudents can not only excel in their academic careers but also contribute to the evolving narrative of academic English in the new era.**新时代研究生学术英语的演变：研究生的视角**在高等教育快速变革和发展的世界中，学术英语的作用变得日益重要。
学业英文作文总结报告
学业英文作文总结报告英文：As a student, academic performance is always a top priority for me. Throughout my academic journey, I have learned various strategies and techniques to improve my grades and overall academic performance.One of the most important things I have learned is the importance of time management. Proper time management allows me to balance my academic responsibilities with my personal life, ensuring that I have enough time to study, complete assignments, and participate in extracurricular activities. For example, I use a planner to schedule my study time and set deadlines for assignments, which helps me stay on track and avoid procrastination.Another important aspect of academic success is effective note-taking. I have found that taking organized and detailed notes during lectures and readings helps meretain information better and makes studying for exams much easier. I also use various note-taking techniques, such as mind maps and Cornell notes, to help me better understand and remember the material.In addition to time management and note-taking, I have also learned the importance of seeking help when needed. Whether it's asking a teacher or tutor for clarification on a difficult concept or joining a study group, seeking help can greatly improve academic performance. For example, I once struggled with a difficult math concept and sought help from my teacher, who was able to explain it in a way that made sense to me.Overall, academic success requires a combination of hard work, dedication, and effective strategies. By implementing these strategies, I have been able to maintain a high GPA and achieve my academic goals.中文：作为一名学生，学业表现始终是我最重要的优先事项。
英语写作教学总结8篇
英语写作教学总结8篇第1篇示例：英语写作教学总结英语写作是英语教学中非常重要的一部分，它不仅能帮助学生提高语言表达能力，还能够培养学生的逻辑思维和创造力。
在教学过程中，教师应该注重引导学生掌握写作技巧，培养他们对于英语写作的兴趣和自信心。
下面就让我们一起来总结一下关于英语写作教学的一些重点。
教师在教学过程中应该根据学生的实际水平和特点设计合适的写作任务。
对于初学者，可以从简单的日常生活话题入手，比如描述自己的家庭、朋友或者日常活动等，逐步提高难度。
对于高年级学生，可以选择一些有深度的议论文或者故事性文章进行指导，帮助他们培养批判性思维和写作能力。
教师在写作教学中应该注重培养学生的写作技巧。
在写叙事文时，可以引导学生注意故事情节的安排和主题的把握；在写议论文时，可以教授学生如何提出清晰的论点、论据和结论。
还可以通过模仿范文，操练句型和词汇等方式帮助学生提高写作水平。
多给学生提供写作机会是非常重要的。
教师可以设置写作任务，要求学生每周交一篇文章，并及时给予反馈和指导。
可以组织写作比赛、作文展览等活动，激发学生写作的热情。
英语写作教学中还需注重培养学生的自主学习能力。
教师可以在课堂上引导学生明确每篇文章的写作目的和读者对象，帮助他们构思文章结构和内容。
教师还可以鼓励学生多读英语书籍和文章，积累词汇和句型，为写作提供素材和参考。
英语写作教学是一个循序渐进的过程。
通过不断的练习和指导，学生可以逐渐提高写作水平，培养对英语写作的兴趣和自信心。
希望通过教师和学生的共同努力，英语写作能够在学生的学习生涯中发挥重要作用。
第2篇示例：英语写作教学总结在教育领域，英语写作一直是学生们感到困难的一门学科。
很多学生觉得英语写作太抽象，难以掌握，因此常常出现写不出来、写不好等问题。
作为教师，我们应该引导学生正确的学习方法，帮助他们提高英语写作能力。
本文将总结一些教学经验，希望对教师们在教英语写作过程中有所帮助。
一、激发学生的写作兴趣激发学生对写作的兴趣是提高写作能力的关键。
学术英语写作总结-学术英语写作总结
专业英语写作考点总结Part ІAcademic English Writing （专业英语写作）Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose,organization, style, flow and presentation.（学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。
2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分(1)description of a situation （描述情况）(2)Identification of a problem （甄别问题）(3)Description of a solution （描述解决方法）(4)Evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法）3、Formal Grammar Style：（正规的语法风格）(1) Generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词）例：won’t改为will not(2)Use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式）例：not...any改为no not...much改为little not...many改为few (3)Limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限制使用多个词连用的表达法）例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。
(4)Avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing atextbook or other instructional materials). （避免向读者说“你”）例：You can see the results in Table 1.改为：The results can be seen in Table 1.(5)Be careful about using direct questions. In some fields they are common, while inothers they are not. （使用直接引语时需谨慎）例：What can be done to lower costs?改为：It is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered.或者We now need to consider how costs may be lowered.(6)Place adverb within the verb. （将副词放于动词词组内）例：This model was developed by Krugman originally.改为：This model was originally developed by Krugman.(7)Consider whether you should split infinitives.（考虑是否该使用割裂不定式）例：We need to adequately meet the needs of those enrolled in the program. (8)Aim for an efficient use of words. （目的是为了有效地使用词汇）例：There are some inorganic materials that can be used by bioengineers in the process of tissue engineering that have been shown to be very promising.改为：Some inorganic materials used in tissue engineering have shown great promise.习题：（1）You can use this model to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.错误：使用了you。
学术英语写作作文
学术英语写作作文英文回答：As an academic writer, I believe that academic English writing is a skill that requires practice and dedication.It is important to be able to express complex ideas and arguments in a clear and coherent manner. In my experience, I have found that one of the most important aspects of academic English writing is the ability to use a wide range of vocabulary and to use it accurately. This allows me to convey my ideas effectively and to engage the reader.In addition, I have also found that it is important to be able to structure my writing in a logical and organized way. This involves creating clear and concise introductions and conclusions, as well as using appropriate signposting and linking words to guide the reader through my argument. For example, when writing an academic essay, I often use phrases such as "on the other hand," "furthermore," and "in conclusion" to help the reader follow my line of reasoning.Furthermore, academic English writing also requires a strong grasp of grammar and punctuation. This is essential for ensuring that my writing is clear and easy to understand. For instance, I always pay attention to subject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency, and the correct use of articles and prepositions to avoid any confusion or ambiguity in my writing.中文回答：作为一名学术作家，我相信学术英语写作是一项需要练习和专注的技能。
南京大学学术英语写作上课记录单元总结完整版
南京⼤学学术英语写作上课记录单元总结完整版Lesson 11.Importance of writing1)help u to reach people in different time and space;2)express yourself more clearly and more accurately;3)organize your thoughts in clear and logical way;4)make a distinction between facts and opinions;5)reflects on your thoughts and feelings;6)enable u to see both the overall picture and minute details of complex issues;7)turn your initial impressions or gut feelings into complex research design;8)seek worthwhile questions;9)establish the relationship between writers and readers10)refine and enrich your ideas based on feedback from readers11)essential job skill2.academic writing(1) Features:1) written for specific audiences;2) present an argument;3) cohesion and coherence;4) formal and no spelling and punctuation errors;3.what makes critical reading?1)Judging the appropriateness of the reading materials;2)Finding materials most relevant to the research topic;3)Avoiding the materials that contain weak arguments;4)Distinguishing between and opinions.4.Requirements of a critical writer1)understanding the requirement of writing task;2)proving or arguing for a point;(introduction, body, conclusion)3)providing a set of contributing arguments;4)considering alternative or opposing views;5)being a critical reader of her or his own writing;6)conclusion drawn naturally and logically from argument;7)contributing something new;PS: things to avoid: 1) being to descriptive and rely too much on summaries and explanations; 2) being biased and blinded by personal misconceptions; 3) sticking to one position blindly.5.Writing process1）Prewriting and outlining;(help to organize idea and generate idea)Free-writing; Questioning (why when where who and how); make the list;Diagramming; preparing a scratch outline2）Writing a first draft;Content first; think about the essay as a whole; consistency (in word, sentence type, tone)3）Revision (change content and structure)Whether the paper is unified (stick to one thing); is my paper supported? Is my paperorganized?4）EditingSentence be parallel; consistent point of view; specific words; active verbs;…Lesson 21.Basic structure of an essay (have no single rule or pattern apply to all essay)1)introduction;providing the background, raising a question or problem; indicating the importance of an issue; ending with a thesis statement.2)main body;topic sentence;supporting sentence: key concepts; examples; explanations; significance;concluding sentence3)conclusionrepeating, restating; summarizing; answer the question; point out the importance;giving consequences; making predictions.2.Topic selectionGeneral principle:1)Interest to u and your reader;2)Meaningful, having academic and practical appeal;3)Manageable, give your time, energy and expertise.Steps:1)Brainstorm to get research topic ideas;2)Read general background information;3)Focus in on your topic (narrow down the topic);4)Make a list of useful keywords;5)Define your topic as a focused research question;6)Formulate a thesis statementAdditions tips:1)Ask why where when who how;2)Avoid topics are too: locally confined; recent; broadly interdisciplinary(跨学科)；popular3.Types of writing (Expository writing\Descriptive writing\Persuasive writing\Narrative writing)1)Expository writing;Explains or informs. It talks about a subject without giving opinions.Features:(a)subject-oriented;(b)facts and figures needed;(c)no opinions.Key points:(a)explain something in a process;(b)equipped with facts and figures;(c)in a logical order or sequence;when use expository writing: textbook writing; how-to articles; recipes; News stories; business\technique\or scientific writing.2)Persuasive writing;Try to bring others around to your point of view. (to convince, have opinions) Features: contains justifications and reasons or arguments.When use: opinion and editorial newspaper pieces; advertisement; reviews; letter ofLesson 31.Task of an introduction:1)grab attention;2)narrow focus;3)present thesis (main idea);2.six elements included in conclusion:1)original question or hypothesis;2)review of major findings;3)explanations for findings;4)limitations;5)implications;6)further research applications.3.Peer review: evaluation of scientific, academic or professional work by other working in the same filed.4.Reason for peer review1)Have a broader audience for writing;2)Develop the ability to give the feedback;3)See different approaches and perspectives;4)Develop a more unified and coherent essay5.Ways of making an effective peer review1)Mirroring: writing down what u think the writer intended to communicate2)Being specific in praise and critique (specific suggestion)3)Being sensitive and careful with language4)No being afraid of being subjective5)Balancing the praise and critiqueLesson 41.How to incorporate evidence into academic writing1)summarize;2)paraphrasing;3)direct quote.2.Types of source1)reference sources (dictionaries [give general background information] );2)book;3)popular article;4)scholarly article;5)website.3.Finding the sources1)start from a search engine;2)consult librarians, digital specialist or ur professors.3)Use academic journals or scholarly articles;4)Book5)Use online scholarly databases6)Don’t forget the library;4.Evaluate the sources1)Authority2)Applicability;3)TimelinessLesson 51.Introduction1)a hook; 2)background; 3) thesis statement2.Body1)Topic sentence and main point support it;2) supporting evidence and explanation of points (facts, details )3.Conclusion4.Argument——Counter argument (must have supporting evidence, quote have to claim its sources)5.Planning an outline:1)Choose a topic (it can be broad);2)Decide on your main goal;3)Gather supporting materials;4)Choose a type of outline;6.Patterns of organization s1)Chronological pattern (time);2)Sequential patterns (step by step that describe a process);3)Spatial patterns (how things fit together in physical space)4)Comparisons contrast pattern (two or more things similar or different from each other);5)Cause-Effect patterns (one event as a result or consequence of some other eventsor actions);6)Problem-solution patterns (divide to two section: problem and solution );7)Topical patterns (different sub-topics within large topic)Lesson 61.Avoiding plagiarism1)what need to be credited(a)word or ideas present in media;(b)information gained from interviewing;(c)exact word or phrase copy from others;(d)diagram, charts, pictures, illustrations or other materials u reprint;(e)electronically-available media2.quoting1)signal (authors’ name; time);2)an assertion (explanation);3) a connection3.paraphrasinguse your owe words and sentence structure, replace two or three words is forbidden.Lesson 71.paragraph structure1)topic sentence;2)support sentence;3)point sentence (restate the main idea);2.how to achieve paragraph coherent1)paragraph unity (sticking to one idea from start to finish);2)sentence cohesion (links: repetition or reference word or traditional transitionalwords);3.transitions expression1)to support, add or continue;2)to compare and contrast;3)to introduce details;4)to show cause and effect;5)to counter;6)to indicate order, sequence or importance;7)to show chronological order;8)to conclude;4.emphatic device1)word levelemphatic pronoun (himself\they…); adverb intensifier (add before the verb, such as very\fully\totally\really…);2)sentence level;(a)coordination and subordination;(b)parallelism;(c)short sentence;(d)repetition;(e)use of the passive;(f)inversion;(g)cleft sentence ( it or that 后加从句)Lesson 81.title include: topic, focus, purpose2.claim (position) + evidence (reasoning) = thesis statement3.pie chart shows the relative proportions (describe the sum\largest\smallest\average);bar chart shows the proportions between independent or dependent variables. (describe the time period\changes\main trends\compare);line graphs shows the data along two axes of variationLesson 91.APA style1)In-text citation:(a)Put an idea: balabalabalaba(Jam, 2009) or According to Jam(20009),balabalabala;(b)Direct quote: “balabalabalabala” (Jam, 2009, p. 203 多页时候⽤pp)orJam(2009)describe “balabalabalabala”(p. 203);(c)Have two authors: Jam and Jane(2001) balabalbala or balabalabala(Jam & Jane,2001);(d)Have three or five authors:First citation: Jam, Jane and Judy(2001) balabalabala or balabalabala(Jam, Jane,& Judy, 2001);Subsequent citation: according to Jam et al. (2001) or balabalabala (Jam et al.,2010)(e)Six and more authors use et al. both in first and subsequent.(f)If cite the magazines:First: (National Science Foundation, [NSF], 2016);Subsequent: (NSF, 2016)(g)Don’t know authors’ name, cite the book&reports:First: according to the report Risks of teenager driving(2012)…;Subsequent: (Risks, 2012);(h)One author’s different work:(Jam, 1996, 2010) form earliest to recent;Have same date: (Jam, 1996a, 1996b)(i)Multiple works:(Alpha, 2010; Beita, 1997; …)(j)fdsfdsds2)Reference:（a）Book: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). title of work. Location: publisher.（b）Article: Author, A. A. (Year).title of article. Title of periodical, volume number(issue number)连续页没有这个, pages.2.Abstract1)Descriptive: include topic or main idea; overview of purpose. Usually very short.Without conclusion.2)Informative: presents all main arguments and important result. Include purpose,method, conclusion and recommendations./doc/2fa9b694aa114431b90d6c85ec3a87c241288a62.html mon structureBackground or purpose; thesis or method; conclusion;Lesson 111.Revise sentence:1)Parallelism: 并列结构前后时态、动名词等关系⼀致；2)Consistent point of view: 观点前后⼀致,⼈称⼀致，⽴场⼀致；3)Actors and actions：4)Concrete and concise;5)Coherent and emphatic。
研究生英语写作技巧总结
研究生英语写作技巧总结作为研究生，英语写作能力是学术研究和交流中不可或缺的一项重要技能。
无论是撰写学术论文、研究报告，还是参加国际学术会议，都需要具备良好的英语写作水平。
在长期的学习和实践中，我总结了一些实用的研究生英语写作技巧，希望能对大家有所帮助。
一、词汇积累丰富的词汇量是英语写作的基础。
研究生在学习过程中，应注重专业词汇和常用学术词汇的积累。
可以通过阅读专业文献、学术书籍和期刊来扩大词汇量。
同时，准备一个词汇本，将遇到的新词汇、短语以及其用法记录下来，并定期进行复习和巩固。
在积累词汇时，不仅要记住单词的拼写和意思，还要了解其搭配和用法。
例如，“conduct a research”（进行一项研究）、“make a contribution”（做出贡献）等常用搭配。
此外，要注意词汇的准确性和恰当性，避免使用过于简单或口语化的词汇，尽量使用更正式、更学术的表达方式。
二、语法正确语法是英语写作的框架，正确的语法结构能够使文章清晰、准确地表达思想。
研究生应熟练掌握英语的基本语法规则，如时态、语态、从句等。
在写作时，要仔细检查句子的结构和语法错误，避免主谓不一致、动词时态错误、冠词和介词使用不当等问题。
对于一些容易混淆的语法点，如虚拟语气、非谓语动词等，要进行重点学习和练习。
可以通过做语法练习题、分析范文中的语法结构等方式来提高语法水平。
同时，使用语法检查工具，如 Word 自带的语法检查功能，也能帮助我们发现一些常见的语法错误。
三、逻辑清晰一篇好的英语文章应该具有清晰的逻辑结构，让读者能够轻松地理解作者的观点和论证过程。
在写作之前，先构思文章的框架，明确主题和论点，并合理安排段落和章节。
一般来说，学术论文和研究报告通常采用“引言正文结论”的结构。
引言部分引出研究主题，阐述研究背景和意义；正文部分详细论述研究方法、结果和分析；结论部分总结研究成果，提出展望和建议。
在段落内部，也要注意句子之间的逻辑关系，可以使用连接词和短语，如“firstly”“secondly”“however”“therefore”等，使文章的逻辑更加连贯。
英语学术论文写作范文 学术英语写作 范文17篇
英语学术论文写作范文学术英语写作范文17篇Sample 1Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureWhen the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans? ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.First of all, native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American languages1words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with native American names. For example, the states of Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American languages the words for animals and plants found in the Americas,Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples.Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native Americaninfluence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with NativeAmericans. Art if another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of the Navajo Tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver and turquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native crafts such as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art and handicrafts are a treasured2part of U.S. culture.In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area inwhich Native Americans had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Being skilled farmers, the Native Americans of North America taught the new comers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of how Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant. Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and croprotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.Finally, it may surprise some people to learn that citizens of the United States are also indebted to the native people for our form of government. The Iroquois, who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called “nations”,had developed a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nationshad joined together in a confederation3called “The League of the Iroquois.” Under th e league, eachnation was autonomous in running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fighting among themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations with other tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after they had wontheir independence from Britain,someone suggested that they use a system similar to that of the League of the Iroquois. Under this system, each colony or future state would be autonomous in managing its own affairs but would join forces with the other states to deal with matters that concerned them all. This is exactly what百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆happened. As a result, the presentfrom of government of the United States can be traced directly back to a Native American model.In conclusion, we can easily see from these few examples the extent of Native American influence on our language, our art forms, out eating habits, and our government. The people of the United States are deeply indebted to Native4Americans for their contributions to U.S. Culture.Exercise: Complete the outline by filling in the missing parts.Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureI. IntroductionThesis statement:___________________________________________________________ II. BodyA. Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language.1. Names of places-cities, towns, rivers, and statesa. States: Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Alabamab. Cities: Chicago, Miami, Spokane2. Names of animals and plantsa. Animals: chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunkb. Plants: tobacco, squashB._____________________________________________________________1. Navajo rugs2. Silver and turquoise jewelry3.5______________________________________________________________a. Potteryb._____________________________________________________c._____________________________________________________c.______________________________________________________________1. Farming techniquesa._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________a._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________6D. _1. Iroquois-large tribe with many branches (“nations”) Needed to settle disputes among various branches2. Five nations formed League of Iroquoisa._________________________________________________b. Acted together when dealing with outsiders3. After independence, 13 colonies adopted similar system.a. Each colony (future state) was autonomous in managing own affairs.b.______________________________________________________III. Conclusion___________________________________________________________百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 2:At the MoviesYou Are Where You Sit: Seating Choice Can Tell a Lot about a Person!71 When he goes to the movies, Ravel Centeno likes to sit on theaisle and stretch his feet out-a fact that by itself speaks volumesabout his personality, according to a new study. The study, commissioned by the British movie theater company Odeon, examined how theater seating habits reflect personality. And as the summer movie season reaches its zenith, the research says you are where you sit. Psychologist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different personality types based on their seating preferences and cited examples of movie characters who fit those types.2 Those who sit on the aisle, like Centeno, are “detached observers”-people who like to have their own space, who are observers and tend to be quieter. “That?s funny, because I?m a writer,” Centeno said Thursday as he waited to see AI. atthe CineplexOdeon at Universal CityWalk. “So that?s what I do (observe people).” One celluloid example of a detached observer, said Dawson, is Jack Nicholson?s Melvin Udall character in As Good as It Gets.3 Other personality types, according to Dawson:4 The “front row film fanatic”: Extroverted, assertive, and8competitive, these are people who like to see movies with others,not on their own. An example from the movies might be Mike Meyers?s Austin Powers or Julia Roberts?s ErinBrockovich.5 The”middle-of-the-roaders”: These are the people wholike to sit in the middle, fittingly. They are people who areflexible and try to get along with others, such as Gwyneth Paltrow?s Emma. Gloria and Tom Candelaria of Redlands say that seems to fit them. “We like the middle because it?s not too far back and not too close to the front,” Gloria Candelaria said as she scanned the marquee at CityWalk. Tom Candelaria said the “middle-of-the-roader” label seems to fit them because “we?re easygoing.”6 The “invisible rebels”: Those who sit far in the back are people who are rebellious and like excitement but don?t necessary seek the limelight, the study said. A typical example is ClintEastwood?s Man with No Name and Sigourney Weaver?s Lt. Ripley in the Alien films. “The back row is,where things happen; it?s an exciting area of danger and lots of passionate smooching,” Dawson said in the Odeon report. “It tends to attract people who are rebellious.”97 For some people, though, sometimes a chair i s just a chair. “I don?t knowwherever there?s an empty seat,” said filmgoer Chris Marshall of Lake Hollywood, when asked where he likes to sit. “That works for me.”Questions About the Organization1. What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?a. It is a funnel introduction-it begins with a general statement and narrows down to the thesis statement.b. It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement.c. It explains the reasons for the study and ends with the thesis statement.2. What kind of conclusion does it have?a. It summarizes the four main personality types.b. It gives the writer?s opinion on the study.c. It gives an example that contrasts with the main points.3. What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网10,您的在线图书馆pattern of organization?About the Support4. What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?_________ and _________5. The psychologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?a. The psychologist used _b. The writer used _About the Content6. How do we know if the psychologist is correct? Does the article mention the methods she used in her study to match seating preference and personality type, or does it report only the results?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 3Culture ShockMoving to a new country can be an exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a newenvironment, you somehow feel more alive: seeing new11sights, eating new food, hearing theforeign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressful rather than stimulating, and delight turns intodiscomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a newculture-tourists, business travelers, diplomats, and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs12of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make “small talk,” so it ishard to carry on a casual, get-acquaintedconversation. One day in the schoolcafeteria, you overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Arethey laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand? Also, you aren?t always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service, or should you wait for a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater in the wrong size, can you exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn?t been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food. You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock13when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage, you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, thatyour landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have somesuccess in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You areable to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you cansuccessfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Yourself-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance, the food will never be as tasty as the food in your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dress or behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong-just different.14Concluding Paragraph A百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆To sum up, culture shock is a veryreal phenomenon that has been studied for more than 30 years by psychologists and anthropologist$. Its five phases are (1) positive feelings toward the new culture, (2) awareness of small differences, (3) growing discomfort and need for contact with home culture, (4) negativefeelings, and (5) acceptance and adjustment. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five phases. In the end, however, people who suffer culture shock are stronger from having overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land. Concluding Paragraph BIn conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some degree of culture shock. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others may take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the15difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.Exercise:1. Which concluding paragraph best suits the passage and why?2. Which concluding paragraph is a summary of the subtopics? Which one paraphrases the thesisstatement?3. Which concluding paragraph gives suggestions? Which one makes a prediction?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 4: Cause and Effect百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 5: Cause and Effect16百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 6: Comparison百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 7: ComparisonCLASSROOM LEARNING AND INTERNETBASEDTEACHINGSince the late 1990s internet-based teaching (also known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves having access to a secure site on the internet where a graded series of lessons are available, and which have assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no means clear that they offer real advantages compared to classroom education. Little research has been done so far on their effectiveness, but this17essay sets out to examine the arguments on both sides and attemptsto draw conclusions from them.Two main advantages of internet use in education are put forward. Firstly, it is seen as more economical, in that once a course is prepared, it can be used by large numbers of students. The savings made by not having to employ so many teachers should be reflected in cheaper course fees. The second benefit is convenience; instead of having to attend classes at fixed times and places, students are free to study when they choose and progress at their own pace. Furthermore, by studying from home there is no need to travel to the college or university, saving both time and money. A student living in a small town in China, for example, can now study a course at an American college without the worry of travelling, accommodation or homesickness.Despite the considerations mentioned above, classroom learning shows no signs of being replaced by e-learning. It seems that face-to-face contact with a teacher is still widely regarded as the best way for students to make progress, despite the expense and inconvenience involved. Not only the personal contact with a teacher, but also the support and18encouragement gained from being part of a class may be one reasonfor this. Membership of a group may also create a useful spirit of competition, which stimulates learning.Given the increasing pressure on university places in many countries, internet-based teaching is often seen as a convenient development. However, e-learning eliminates personal contact and travel from education, which are possibly the aspects many students value. Sittingat home working on a computer may be economical, but clearly cannot replace the social experience of attending courses. However, there are many people who are unable, either through work or family commitments,or due to lack of funds, to go to classes, and who would clearly find internet learning beneficial. On-line courses can also be used tosupport taught courses, for instance by providing access to extra materials. In many ways these kinds of courses are similarto ,universities of the air?, such as Britain?s OpenUniversity, which have developed distance learning so successfullyin the last 40 years.Faced by growing demand for university places, more institutions are likely to develop on-line courses, but the apparent benefits of e-learning may be less than are19generally believed. Students seem to value the personal contact ofthe classroom highly, despite its cost andinconvenience. There may be a role for internet-based courses to supplement teacher-taught ones, and certainly for people with other commitments they will be the only practical option. There is an urgentneed for research on the effectiveness of this type of learning, which should help maximise its advantages in the future.(Approximately 550 words)百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 8: Argument百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Now complete the outline of the model essay:Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough YearsI. Introduction (explanation of the issue)Thesis statement:20_______________________________________II. BodyA. Opposing argument 1Opponents of single-sex education claim that test scores show that there is no advantage to all-girl or all-boy classes.Rebuttal to argument 11. Research is inconclusive-show opposite results2. Other results that cannot be calculateda. Girls____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____b. Boys____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ______B. Opposing argument2____________________________________________________________21Rebuttal to argument 2_________________________________________________________a. Settling squabbles with siblingsb. Negotiating with opposite-sex parent百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆C. Opposing argument 3_________________________________________________________Rebuttal to argument 3___________________________________________________________a._______________________________________________________b. Teachers call on boys more oftenIII.Conclusion1. Same-sex classes provide a better learning environmentReasonsa. Boys and girls___________________________________________________22_____________________________________________________________________________ ______ b.Girl________________________________________________________________ _____ c. Boys____________________________________________________________________2.____________________________________________________________________ __3.____________________________________________________________________ _____百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 9A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce;23nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society,is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanationsfor the …divorce phenomenon? and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be arguedthat the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do notnecessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married24couples with …access to a legal solution to pre-existentmarital problems? (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes inthe legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place.It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart?s explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur25in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.The two explanations described above have very differentimplications for social policy,especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also beingdetermined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this riseis to make them less obtainable. This approach, oneimagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes.Furthermore, the百度搜索”就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网26,您的在线图书馆experience of social workers,working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple?s access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable inthe present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families27(McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause foroptimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broadersocio-economic one.Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of。
学术英语写作--结论部分
conclusions can be drawn…… • It is recommended that…… • This analysis strongly suggests that…… • In conclusion, the result shows……
A
3
What is a conclusion?
In a sense, Conclusion and Introduction echoes, the Introduction section introduces the purpose of this topic, and the Conclusion section tells readers whether these purposes achieved.
A
4
content and structure
• Overview of the contents of this issue.
• The specific explanation of the theory, hypothesis, creative results or insights, practical value, application prospects, etc.
A
7
Comparison with other theory
• However, our findings point to a possible refinement of existing theories that…..
• In contrast to existing literature …… our results suggest that ……
学术论文写作英语总结
学术论文写作英语总结Academic paper writing is an essential skill for students and scholars alike. It involves presenting research findings, ideas, and arguments in a clear and concise manner. This summary will provide an overview of key points to consider when writing an academic paper in English.1. Understanding the Purpose: Before starting the writing process, it is important to clearly understand the purpose of the paper. Is it to inform, persuade, or analyze a topic? Understanding the purpose will help in selecting appropriate content and structuring the paper effectively.2. Research: Academic papers are based on sound research. It is important to gather relevant and reliable information from various sources such as books, journal articles, and reputable websites. Carefully evaluate the credibility of the sources and ensure that the information used is up to date.4. Organizing the Paper: A well-organized paper is easier to read and understand. Use headings and subheadings to clearly divide the paper into sections. Each section should have a clear purpose and flow logically into the next. Consider using an outline to plan the structure of the paper before beginning to write.5. Introduction: The introduction should grab the reader's attention and provide background information on the topic. It should also present the thesis statement and outline the main points that will be discussed in the paper. A strongintroduction sets the tone for the rest of the paper.6. Body Paragraphs: The body paragraphs develop the main points presented in the introduction. Each paragraph shouldstart with a topic sentence that clearly states the main idea of the paragraph. Use supporting evidence, examples, and citations to support the main points. Ensure that there is a logical flow between paragraphs to maintain coherence.7. Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points discussed in the paper and restates the thesis statement. It should not introduce new information but provide a final thought or call to action. A strong conclusion leaves a lasting impression on the reader.9. Citations and Referencing: It is important to acknowledge the sources that have been used in the paper. Use a consistent referencing style such as APA or MLA and ensure that all sources are properly cited in the text and listed in a bibliography or reference list.。
北航 高级英语学术写作 夏
标题：北航高级英语学术写作课程——夏日的收获在北航的夏日里，我收获了一份宝贵的学术写作经验。
在这里，我想分享一下我在高级英语学术写作课程中的学习体验。
首先，我想谈谈这门课程的组织结构。
这门课程是由经验丰富的教师团队授课，他们分别从论文写作、文献引用、学术规范等方面进行了深入的讲解。
此外，我们还进行了多次小组讨论和案例分析，这有助于我们更好地理解和应用学术写作的技巧。
在课程内容方面，我特别关注了论文的撰写和修改过程。
首先，老师介绍了论文的基本结构和写作流程，使我们明确了论文各个部分的作用和目的。
接着，我们通过一些实例了解了如何有效地引用文献和引用规则。
在这个过程中，我们学习到了如何准确、客观地描述和评价我们的研究。
此外，老师还强调了修改的重要性，告诉我们如何通过反复推敲和调整，使我们的论文更加严谨、准确和有说服力。
在教学方法上，老师采用了多种方式，包括课堂讲解、小组讨论和案例分析等。
这些方法不仅提高了我们的学习兴趣，还使我们在互动中更好地理解和掌握学术写作的技巧。
此外，老师还鼓励我们积极参与讨论，提出自己的观点和建议，这有助于我们更好地表达自己的想法，提高我们的沟通能力和团队协作能力。
在课程效果方面，我认为这门课程对我的学术写作能力有了很大的提升。
通过学习，我学会了如何撰写高质量的学术论文，并掌握了引用文献的规范和技巧。
此外，我还学会了如何更好地表达自己的观点和想法，提高了我的沟通能力和团队协作能力。
这些技能对于我未来的学习和工作都有着重要的意义。
总的来说，北航高级英语学术写作课程为我提供了一个宝贵的学习机会，让我深刻认识到了学术写作的重要性。
这门课程不仅提高了我的学术素养，还培养了我的独立思考能力和团队协作精神。
我相信这些技能和经验将对我未来的学习和工作产生积极的影响。
最后，我要感谢北航高级英语学术写作课程的老师们，他们的辛勤付出和无私奉献让我受益匪浅。
学术英语写作academic language
学术英语写作（Academic Language）是一种用于学术和专业领域的英语写作风格。
它具有以下特点：
- **准确性**：使用准确的词汇和语法，避免模糊或歧义。
- **专业性**：运用特定领域的专业术语和词汇，体现学术的专业性。
- **逻辑性**：结构清晰，段落之间有明确的逻辑关系。
- **客观性**：以客观的态度表达观点，避免主观情感和个人偏见。
- **正式性**：语言风格较为正式，避免口语化和随意的表达。
- **引用和参考**：正确引用他人的研究成果，以支持自己的观点并提供参考依据。
- **论证性**：通过论证和证据来支持观点，使文章具有说服力。
要提高学术英语写作水平，可以多阅读相关领域的学术文献，学习其写作风格和表达方式。
同时，注重语法和词汇的积累，不断练习写作，接受老师或同行的反馈，都有助于提升学术英语写作能力。
学术英语写作作文
学术英语写作作文The Importance of Academic Writing。
Academic writing plays a crucial role in the field of education and research. It is a form of communication that allows scholars to share their ideas, findings, and insights with the academic community. In this essay, we will explore the importance of academic writing and its impact on the advancement of knowledge.First and foremost, academic writing is essential for the dissemination of new knowledge. Through scholarly articles, research papers, and academic journals, researchers are able to share their discoveries and contribute to the collective understanding of various disciplines. This exchange of information is vital for the development of new theories, methodologies, and technologies that can benefit society as a whole.Furthermore, academic writing encourages criticalthinking and intellectual rigor. When scholars engage in the process of writing, they are forced to clarify their thoughts, organize their arguments, and provide evidence to support their claims. This not only helps them to develop a deeper understanding of their subject matter, but also enables them to contribute to the ongoing discourse within their field.In addition, academic writing serves as a means of assessment and evaluation. Students are often required to write essays, research papers, and dissertations as part of their academic coursework. These assignments not only test their knowledge and understanding of the material, but also help them to develop their writing and analytical skills. By engaging in the process of academic writing, students learn how to formulate coherent arguments, support their claims with evidence, and adhere to the conventions of academic discourse.Moreover, academic writing fosters a sense of community and collaboration within the academic world. Scholars from different institutions and disciplines are able to engagein a dialogue through their written work, sharing their ideas and engaging in debates that can lead to new insights and discoveries. This collaborative aspect of academic writing is essential for the advancement of knowledge and the development of interdisciplinary research.Finally, academic writing is a form of intellectual legacy. Through their written work, scholars are able to leave a lasting impact on their field, contributing to the ongoing conversation and shaping the future direction of research. Their ideas and insights can inspire future generations of scholars, laying the groundwork for further exploration and discovery.In conclusion, academic writing is a fundamental aspect of the scholarly enterprise. It serves as a means of communication, critical thinking, assessment, collaboration, and intellectual legacy. By engaging in the process of academic writing, scholars and students are able to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and the development of new ideas, theories, and technologies. As such, the importance of academic writing cannot beoverstated, and it will continue to play a central role in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding.。
学术综合英语作文模板
学术综合英语作文模板英文回答：Introduction。
The advent of globalization has spurred the interconnectedness of the world, leading to an unprecedented rise in cross-cultural interactions. Consequently, the need for effective communication across linguistic and cultural boundaries has become paramount. Academic Comprehensive English (ACE) serves as a crucial tool in facilitating this communication, enabling individuals to navigate the complexities of academic discourse in a globalized world.ACE is an amalgamation of linguistic proficiency, critical thinking skills, and cultural awareness that equips individuals with the necessary competencies to engage in academic discourse. It encompasses a broad spectrum of skills, including the ability to:Read, comprehend, and analyze academic texts。
Effectively convey complex ideas in written and spoken form。
学术英语文章写作注意要点
学术英语文章写作注意要点学术英语文章写作注意要点学术文章，顾名思义就是要严谨，下面是店铺整理的学术英语文章写作注意要点，欢迎阅读，更多消息请关注应届毕业生网。
1、避免使用反问句、设问句。
特别是作者也没有答案的问题。
例如：What’s the objective of the information? Is it to makepeople more confused and astray? I partly agree with theauthor’s contention that the enormous and otiose informationsometimes render people lose their way and fail to considerquestion penetratingly and originally.在作文的开头就扔出两个问题，然后接下来的陈述却与问题基本毫无干系。
作为读者，首先要考虑那两个问题的答案到底是什么，然后才能往下读。
这些在中文里可能会被评作“引人入胜”的好词好句，在英语的'论文写作里面，可以说是最大的败笔之一。
如果你一定要问问题的话，那就改成陈述句式，例如：Whetherthis issue is right or wrong? 可以改成：It has been a controversial issue that.....2、避免集中使用"Be"动词，包括is, are, has been, have been, etc.即使GRE考题statement里面有很多"Be"动词，你也要避免照抄，因为statement是浅显地告诉你一个idea，而不是向你展示writing。
例如：What is the purpose of education? Some people may say that the purpose of educationshould be to create a totally academic environment that separates from the outside world, for,they think, this situation allows students to focus on their academic research work without beingdisturbed by practical concerns. In fact, this suggestion is harmful to the scientific research work.这是某一篇文章的开头。
英语学术论文写作考试重点整理
学术文章：Features on the lexical level:词汇上的特征①Terminology ②Nominalization ③Abbreviation ④Use of single verbsFeatures on the syntactical level 句法特征①Long complex sentenceFor accuracy to explain coplicated ideas clearly and precisely②Simple-present tenseDescribes natural phenomena, processes and makes explanation vivid and timeless③Passive voiceconvince the reader of the objectivity of the desciption④Non-finite verbsparticiples, infinitives and gerunds are freqently used in EST1：Why do you engage in scientific research ?Reasons to Engage in Scientific Research：（1）Personal interest to explore the world （2）Solving practical problems（3）Career development （4）Technological development（5）Academic exchanges （6）Academic evaluation （7）Being forced to2：What are the types, the structure and the characteristics of academic paper ?In terms of disciplines, they can be divived intoThree large categories: （1）Philosophy（2）natural science （3）social science.In accordance with a combination of the content, target, methods and other factors.①Argumentative papers ②Descriptive papers③Academic Meeting/Research Reviews ④Book ReviewsCharacteristics of Academic WritingEnglish for science and technology(EST) refers to the style used in scientific and technological activities. Their features are:（1）Objectivity（2）Clarity（3）Coherence（4）Accuracy4：Structure of a DefinitionA definition consists of three elements:(1) the term itself, (2) the category the term belongs to, (3) the features of the term.5. Criteria of a Good Definition1. Follow rules that have traditionally been given for definition.2. State the essential attributes of that which is defined.3. Give examples of usage.4. Avoid circularity.5. Must be neither too broad or too narrow nor leave out any appropriate information, nor include that which does not truly apply.6. Must not be obscure.7. Should not be stated in the negative when it can be stated positively.6：Principles of Title SelectionValue Principle Scientific Principle Innovative Principle Feasibility Principle7：Methods for Choosing a TitleIn general, there are six main methods for choosing a research title.(1) Consult your professor or an expert (2) Participate in academic conferences(3) Select from puzzling problems (4) Read books and newspapers(5) Choose from your own interests (6) Do literature reviews7：Standards for Good Titles(1) Accuracy Word choices should be accurate and reflect the actual situation.(2) Brevity Using the most succinct text possible to summarize the contents.(3) Clarity The title should clearly reflect the subject of the paper.8：Writing Formats for TitlesTitles are usually written in the following three formats:①All the letters of the title are capitalized;②The first letter of each content words of the title is capitalized;③The first letter of the title is capitalized.8：Some widely observed guidelines for the use of tables are:①The table should be self-contained.That is, it can stand alone face to face with the paper.②A table is usually placed in a position near its relevant description.③Provide each table with a number (Table 1, Table 2, etc.) and a title.④The title should be clear, concise, complete and accurate. Try to use descriptive words, not abbreviated forms.⑤The title of a table or diagram most commonly follows the same three methods as given above for the paper title.⑥The format of the column title. The first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized, other words are in lowercase.⑦Notes of table. To explain the column title, abbreviations, symbols and data, add notes or footnotes at the bottom of the table.⑧Do not repeat information in a table only if it presents new information.⑨It is easier to compare numbers by reading down a column rather than across a row.9：Data collection and selection usually follow four principles:（1）Centered around the theme （2）True and verifiable （3）Typical （4）Novel 10：Three Important Steps for Data Collection and Evaluation（1）Understand types of resources. （2）Critically read and evaluate those resources.（3）Take notes effectively.10：Four important dimensions in critical thinking and reading:(1) Structure (2) Purpose (3) Audience (4) Author11：Common criteria used to access the information found on the Internet:(1) Authorship (2) The publishing body (3) Point of view or bias(4) Referral to and/or display of knowledge of the literature(5) Accuracy or verifiability of details (6) Currency12：Criteria for evaluating accuracy:评估确定性的标准（1）For a research document, the data and the research method(s) are included.（2）The methodology is appropriate to the topic and allows the study to be duplicated for purposes of verification. The document relies on other sources or includes links to the documents themselves.（3）The document names individuals and/or sources that provided non-published data used inthe preparation of the study.（4）The background information that was used can be verified for accuracy.13：Criteria for currency:精度的标准（1）The document includes the date(s) at which the information was gathered.（2）The document refers to clearly dated information.（3）Where necessary, the document includes information on the regularity of updates.（4）The document includes a publication date or a “last updated”date.（5）The document includes a date of copyright.（6）If no date is given in an electronic document, you can view the directory in which it resides and read the date of latest modification.14：Functions of an OutlineOutline can be helpful to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information.15：Reasons for creating an outline:（1）Aids in the writing process.（2）Helps organize ideas.（3）Presents material in a logical form.（4）Shows relationships among ideas in the paper.（5）Constructs an ordered overview of what is written. （6）Defines boundaries and groups. 16：Four Main Components for Effective Outlines(1)Parallelism：Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb phrase, the second heading should also be a verb phrase.(2) Coordination：All informations contained in heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in heading 2.(3) Subordination：The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific.(4) Division：Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts.17：Types of Outlines and Samples(1)Alphanumeric Outlines：Use alphabetical letters and numerals to outline the content of essays.(2) Full Sentence Outlines：The Full sentence outline format is essentially the same as the alphanumeric outline. The main difference is that full sentences are required at each level of the outline.(3) Decimal Outlines：The decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline.the added benefit is a system of decimal notation that clearly shows how every level of the outline related to the large whole.18：Tips for Comparison and Contrast(1) Determine the organizational style.(2) State organization so as to ensure clarity.(3) Make preferences clear in comparison or contrast essay.(4) When organizing the writing, ensure information about the items being compared and contrasted are balanced.19：How many kinds of citation are there?Two types of citation:(1) Citation as note/reference, (2) Citation as material quoted.20：What does a writer usually do with in-text citation ?①Both the name and date enclosed in parentheses.The comma between the author and the year may or may not be included based on the publisher requirements.②To make the last name of the researcher the subject or object of the sentence or clause and follow it immediately with the date of the study in parentheses.③If you wish to emphasize the date of the cited study, you can omit the parentheses。
学术英语写作summary范文
学术英语写作summary范文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: An Introduction to Academic WritingHi guys! Today we are going to talk about academic writing. Academic writing is super important because it helps us communicate our ideas in a clear and organized way.First, let's talk about the structure of academic writing. Usually, it has three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction is where you introduce your topic and thesis statement. The body is where you support your thesis with evidence and arguments. And the conclusion is where you summarize your main points and wrap everything up.Next, let's talk about the language of academic writing. It is important to use formal language and avoid slang or contractions. Also, make sure to use proper grammar and spelling.Another important thing in academic writing is to use citations. This means giving credit to the sources you used inyour writing. You can use footnotes, endnotes, or in-text citations to do this.Finally, make sure to revise and edit your writing. Check for any errors in grammar, punctuation, or spelling. It's also a good idea to have someone else read your writing to get feedback.So, that's a basic introduction to academic writing. Remember to practice and keep improving your writing skills. Happy writing!篇2Summary:In the article "The Effects of Technology on Children's Learning", the author explores the impact of technology on children's education. The author discusses how technology can enhance learning by providing access to a vast amount of information and resources. However, the author also highlights the potential negative effects of technology, such as decreased attention span and limited social interaction.The author suggests that it is important for parents and educators to strike a balance between using technology as a learning tool and encouraging traditional forms of learning. Thearticle emphasizes the importance of monitoring children's screen time and ensuring that technology is used in a way that benefits their educational development.Overall, the article acknowledges the benefits of technology in education but also emphasizes the need for caution and moderation. By being mindful of how technology is used, parents and educators can help children to harness the benefits of technology while also promoting healthy cognitive and social development.篇3Summary:Today, I want to talk about academic writing. Academic writing is like the superhero of writing because it is smart, proper, and super cool! When you write academically, you need to use big words and long sentences to show how smart you are. But don't worry, you can always use a dictionary or ask your teacher for help if you get stuck.In academic writing, you need to follow the rules. This means you have to use references and citations to give credit to the people who came up with the ideas you are talking about. This isimportant because it shows that you are honest and respectful of other people's work.Another important thing in academic writing is to stay focused on your topic. You can't just write about whatever you want – you need to stick to the main point and support it with evidence. This can be hard sometimes, but don't give up! Just keep practicing and you'll get better.So, next time you have to write an academic paper, remember to be smart, follow the rules, and stay focused. With these tips, you'll be a superhero of academic writing in no time! Good luck!篇4SummaryLast week, my teacher asked us to write a summary of an academic article for our English class. The article was about the impact of social media on teenagers' mental health. I learned a lot from reading the article, and I want to share some of the key points with you.Firstly, the article discussed how social media can have both positive and negative effects on teenagers' mental health. On theone hand, social media can help teenagers connect with friends and family, express themselves, and find support during difficult times. However, on the other hand, it can also lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and low self-esteem.Secondly, the article highlighted the importance of monitoring and limiting teenagers' use of social media. Excessive use of social media has been linked to a variety of mental health issues, including depression and addiction. Parents and educators play a crucial role in helping teenagers navigate the online world and develop healthy technology habits.Lastly, the article discussed the need for more research on the long-term effects of social media on teenagers' mental health. While some studies have shown a clear link between social media use and mental health problems, more research is needed to fully understand the complex relationship between the two.In conclusion, social media has a significant impact on teenagers' mental health, and it is important for parents, educators, and policymakers to address this issue. By promoting healthy online behaviors and supporting teenagers in developing positive coping strategies, we can help prevent the negative effects of social media on mental health.篇5Oh, hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about academic writing in English. Academic writing is like writing essays or reports for school, but it's more fancy and serious. You have to use big words and make sure your sentences are clear and logical.First, you need to have a good topic. It can be anything you want to learn more about, like animals, space, or even your favorite video game. Then, you have to do research to find information and facts to support your ideas. You can use books, articles, or the internet to find the information you need.Next, you have to organize your ideas into paragraphs. Each paragraph should have a topic sentence that tells the reader what the paragraph is about. You also need to use transition words like "first," "next," and "finally" to help your reader follow along.After you write your paragraphs, you need to write a conclusion to sum up what you've learned. This is where you tell your reader why your topic is important and what you want them to remember.Finally, you have to edit and revise your writing. Make sure your sentences are clear and easy to understand. Check for spelling and grammar mistakes, and make sure you've cited your sources correctly.So, that's how you write an academic paper in English. Remember to choose a good topic, do your research, organize your ideas, write a conclusion, and edit your work. You'll be writing like a pro in no time!篇6Today I read a really cool article about academic writing and I want to share a summary with you guys. The article talks about how to write a good academic paper and gives some tips and tricks.First, the article says that you should start by choosing a topic that interests you. This will make the writing process much more fun and you'll be more motivated to do a good job.Next, the article recommends doing some research on your topic. You should read a lot of books and articles to get a good understanding of the subject. This will help you come up with some original ideas for your paper.When you start writing, the article suggests making an outline first. This will help you organize your thoughts and make sure your paper flows well.After you finish writing, it's important to edit and proofread your paper. You should check for spelling and grammar mistakes, as well as make sure your ideas are clear and easy to understand.Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of writing clearly and concisely. You should avoid using too many fancy words or complicated sentences.I think these tips are really helpful and I'm going to try them out next time I have to write a paper. I hope you guys found this summary helpful too!。
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专业英语写作考点总结part ? academic english writing （专业英语写作）chapter 1 six considerations in academic writing1、academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose, organization, style, flow and presentation.（学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。
2、organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分(1) description of a situation （描述情况）(2) identification of a problem （甄别问题）(3) description of a solution （描述解决方法）(4) evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法）3、formal grammar style：（正规的语法风格）(1) generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词）例：won’t改为will not(2) use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式）例：not...any改为nonot...much改为little not...many改为few(3) limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限制使用多个词连用的表达法）例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。
(4) avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing atextbook or other instructional materials).（避免向读者说“你”）例：you cansee the results in table 1.改为：the results can be seen in table 1.改为： it is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered.或者 we now need to consider how costs may be lowered.(6) place adverb within the verb. （将副词放于动词词组内）例：this model was developed by krugman originally.改为：this model was originally developed by krugman.(7) consider whether you should split infinitives.（考虑是否该使用割裂不定式）例：we need to adequately meet the needs of those enrolled in the program.(8) aim for an efficient use of words. （目的是为了有效地使用词汇）例：there are some inorganic materials that can be used by bioengineers in the processof tissue engineering that have been shown to be very promising. 改为：some inorganic materials used in tissue engineering have shown great promise.习题：（1）you can use this model to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.错误：使用了you。
改为：this model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.（2）ok, what are the reasons that coffee prices have fallen? there’re a lot of possibilities.错误：使用了口语ok；直接引语的使用；使用了缩略词there’re。
改为：coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.（3）you can see the difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway stations clearly.错误：使用了you；将副词clearly放在了句尾。
改为：the difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway station can clearly be seen.错误：使用了so far；使用了there be 结构；使用了not...any结构；使用了非正式的looking into。
（6）there are some studies that have concluded that bamboo could be used by builders more widely than it is now as a construction material.错误：使用了there be 结构；副词widely 位置放错。
改为：some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely usedthan itis now as a construction material.（7）these special tax laws have been enacted in six states: illinois, iowa,ohio,etc. 错误：使用了etc。
改为：these special tax laws have been enacted in six mid western states: illinois, iowa, indiana, ohio, michigan, and minnesota.（8）there isn’t very much research on the use of oil palm shell as coarse aggregatein the production of concrete.错误：使用了there be 结构；使用了not...very much。
改为：little research has been done on the use of oil palm shell as coarse aggregatein the production of concrete.chapter 2 two underlying structures in academic writing（专业写作的两个基本结构）1、two underlying structures in academic writing：（专业写作的两个基本结构）(1) general-specific structure （泛论-特指(gs)结构）(2) problem-process-solution structure（问题-过程-解决方法）2、gs texts usually begin with one of the following:（gs文本通常以下列一种形式开始）(1) a short or extended definition （简短或拓展定义）(3) a generalization or purpose statement （一般化或目标性陈述）(4) a statement of fact.（事实陈述）3、super ordinate-category word：technique, method, process, device, and system. （超级坐标词）4、deletions（删除）：在下列情况下，你可以减少限制性关系代词a. 定语从句仅有关系代词、be动词、一个或多个介词短语b. 定语从句由被动态动词加上一些额外的信息c. 定语从句含有关系代词、以-ble结尾的形容词和额外的信息例题：p23(1). metal that is often used —> metal often used(2). device that is capable of —> device capable of(3). roof which is on top of —> roof on top of(4). precipitation which results from —> precipitation resulting from(5). this sentence cannot be reduced.(6). flute that is pitched an octave higher ---> flute pitched an octavehigher(7). a process that involves the selective transport—> a processinvolving the selective transport(8). a celestial body which has approximately the same mass —> acelestial body with approximately the same mass5、考题类型：句子排序例题：p27（1）比较定义基本上有两类：1) 呈现一个概念是如何随着时间的流逝而变化的这样一种史实陈述。
2) 呈现对当代各位专家是怎样不同地看待此概念所做的一个全面性的评述。