【托福英语】History

History
T3-2 FILM
category ['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] n. 种类，分类
establish [ɪ'stæblɪʃ; e-] vt. 建立；创办；安置
hybrid ['haɪbrɪd] n. 杂种，混血儿；混合物
conform to符合；遵照
classify ['klæsɪfaɪ] vt. 分类；分等
confusing [kən'fju:ziŋ] v. 使迷惑；使混乱不清（confuse的ing形式）adj. 混乱的;令人困惑的
fuse [fjuːz] v. 融合；熔化，熔融
fiction ['fɪkʃ(ə)n] n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言
element ['elɪm(ə)nt] n. 元素；要素
aquatic [ə'kwætɪk; -'kwɒt-]adj. 水生的；水栖的
creature ['kriːtʃə] n. 动物，生物；人；创造物
display [dɪ'spleɪ] vt. 显示；表现；陈列mollusk ['mɒləsk] n. [无脊椎] 软体动物
narration [nə'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 叙述，讲述；故事
portray [pɔː'treɪ] vt. 描绘；扮演
uncanny [ʌn'kænɪ] adj. 神秘的；离奇的；可怕的suspicious [sə'spɪʃəs] adj. 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的innovator ['ɪnə,vetɚ] n. 改革者，创新者
investigate [ɪn'vestɪgeɪt] v. 调查；研究
documentary [dɒkjʊ'ment(ə)rɪ] n. 纪录片
artistic [ɑː'tɪstɪk] adj. 艺术的；风雅的；有美感的incorporate [ɪn'kɔːpəreɪt] vt. 包含，吸收；体现；把……合并
straightforward [streɪt'fɔːwəd] adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A.To discuss the style of an early filmmaker
B.To describe different types of filmmaking in the 1930s
C.To discuss the emergence of the documentary film
D.To describe Painleve’s influence on today’s science-fiction films
2.Why are Painleve’s films typical of the films of the 1920s and 1930s?
A.They do not have sound
B.They are filmed underwater
C.They are easy to understand
D.They difficult to categorize
3.According to the professor, how did Painleve’s film confuse the audience?
A.They show animals out of their natural habitat
B.They depict animals as having both human and animal characteristics
C.The narration is scientific and difficult to understand
D.The audiences of the 1920s and 1930s were not used to films shot underwater
4.Why does the professor mention sea horses?
A.To explain that they were difficult to film in the 1930s
B.To point out that Cousteau made documentaries about them
C.To illustrate Pianleve’s fascination with unusual animals
D.To explain why Painleve’s underwater films were not successful
5.Why does the professor compare the film style of Jacques Cousteau and Jean Painleve?
A.To explain how Painleve influenced Cousteau
B.To emphasize the uniqueness of Painleves filming style
C.To emphasize the artistic value of Cousteau’s documentary films
D.To demonstrate the superiority of Painleve’s filmmaking equipment
6.What does the student imply when he say this:
A.He does not like Jean Painleve’s films
B.He thinks that the professor should spend more time discussing Jacques Cousteau’s film
C.He believes that high quality filmmakers are usually well known
D.He believes that Jean Painleve’s film have been unfairly overlooked
T3-3 ART
T7-1 THEATER
T8-2 ART Paris
canny ['kæni] adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的
premiere [prɪ'mɪr] adj. 首位的；初次的vi. / vt.初次公演n. 初次演出；女主角
progressive [prə'ɡrɛsɪv] adj. 进步的；先进的n. 改革论者；进步分子
savvy ['sævi]n. 悟性；理解能力；懂行（的人）vt. 理解；懂vi. 理解；知道
12. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Why the Salon exhibitions became popular among women artists in Paris
B. Why French society did not approve of art schools or women
C How opportunities for women artists in Paris improved
D. How women artists in Paris cooperated with one another
13. What point does the professor make about Julian when he mentions that Julian’s art school offered some classes only
for women?
A. Julian’s school was the first art school in Paris to offer women-only classes
B. Julian wanted to encourage the distinctive style of women in Paris
C. Julian viewed himself as a social reformer
D. Julian possessed outstanding business skills
14. What does the professor emphasize as one benefit of competition in women’s classes?
A. Women gained more confidence in their artistic abilities
B. Women became instructors in private art studios
C. Women were able to sell their paintings for large amounts of money
D. Women created new styles of painting
15. According to the professor, what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of the
nineteenth century in Paris? Click on 2 answers.
A. Women and men took art classes together
B. Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitions
C. More schools were established by women artists
D. Fewer women artists were traveling to Paris
16. What does the professor imply about Bashkirtseffs’ painting In the Studio?
A. It was one of many paintings that depicted a women’s studio
B. It did not bring Bashkirtseff recognition for her artistic ability
C. It was criticized for an unrealistic depiction of women artists
D. It was beneficial for both Bashkirtseff and the school where she studied
17. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
What does the professor mean when he says this?
A. Paris was a popular place to visit, but not the best place to study art
B. Paris was the most important place for an artist to study and work
C. Living in Paris was difficult for women artists from other countries
D. Studying in Paris was beneficial for some artists, but not for others. T8-3 HISTORY
quartz [kwɔrts] n. 石英
magnify ['mæɡnɪfaɪ] vt. 放大；赞美；夸大vi. 放大；有放大能力societal [sə'saɪətl] adj. 社会的
affluence ['æflʊəns] n. 富裕；丰富；流入；汇聚
6. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Political events that led to the invention of eyeglasses
B. A comparison of attitudes toward vision correction in Europe and China
C. The relationship between the printing press and literacy
D. An overview of vision correction over time
7. According to the professor, what was an advantage of using clear glass instead of quartz to make reading stones?
A. Clear glass was easier to find than quartz
B. Clear glass was easier to cut to the appropriate size
C. Clear glass magnified the letters more than quartz did
D. Clear glass was less expensive than quartz
8. What does the professor imply about the invention of eyeglass?
A. Its historical records are more detailed than those of other inventions
B. It has little impact on social attitudes toward vision correction
C. Its occurrence in different places at approximately the same time is out unusual
D. It contributed to a substantial increase in the number of literate people.
9. Which sentence best describe eyeglasses before the invention of the printing press?
A.They were available to everyone
B.They were a symbol of wealth and wisdom
C.They could not correct vision accurately
D.They could be bought only from traveling peddlers
10. Put the events in the order that they happened
Click on a sentence. Then drag it to the space where it belongs
11. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
11. What does the professor imply when she says this?
A. She is impressed by the solution
B. The solution she describe is obvious
C. The solution was not a common practice
D. The solution was not particularly expensive
T10-2 EUROPEAN
T15-3 ART
T16-2 MUSIC
T16-4 ART stained glass
T17-1 art history
T17-3 history ancient Egyptian calendar
civilization [,sivilai'zeiʃən,-li'z-]n. 文明；timekeeping ['taim,ki:piŋ]n. 计时；时间obligation [,ɔbli'ɡeiʃən]n. 义务；职责；keep track of 记录；与…保持联系addresse：从事于
divide into 把……分成
inundation [,inʌn'deiʃən]n. 洪水；泛滥subsidence [səb'saidəns]n. 下沉；沉淀；submerged [səb'mə:dʒd]adj. 水下的，subsidence [səb'saidəns]n. 下沉；沉淀；recede [ri'si:d]vi. 后退；减弱|vt. 归还fertile ['fə:tail]adj. 富饶的，肥沃的；silt [silt]n. 淤泥，泥沙
crops n. 农作物
barley ['bɑ:li]n. 大麦
phases ['feisi:z]n. 阶段，predictably [pri'diktəbli]adv. 可预言地complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]adj. 难懂的，复杂的average ['ævəridʒ]n. 平均；平均数；海损
Sirius ['siəriəs]n. [天] 天狼星
heliacal [hi:'laiəkəl]adj. 太阳的
heliacal rising：晨出
indicator ['indikeitə]n. 指示器
lunar ['lju:nə]adj. 月亮的
reliable [ri'laiəbl]adj. 可靠的
adjusted [ə'dʒʌstid]adj. 调整过的
festival ['festəvəl]n. 节日
administrative [əd'ministrətiv]adj. 管理的，行政的inconvenient [,inkən'vi:njənt]adj. 不便的alongside [ə'lɔŋ'said]adv. 在旁边
bureaucratic [,bjurəu'krætik]adj. 官僚的
1.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.Differences between modern and ancient calendars
B.The importance of astronomy in Egyptian religion
C.The timekeeping systems of ancient Egypt
D.How to use agritulture as a method timekeeping
2.Why does the professor mention the names of the seasons in ancient Egypt?
A.To explain the importance of religion
B.To emphasize the significance of the Nile River
C.To indicate when different types of crops were harvested
D.To describe early discoveries in astronomy
3.Why was the heliacal rising of Sirius important to the Egyptians? Click on 2 answers
A.It helped determine the beginning of the New Year
B.It was used to calculate the length of the month
C.It marked the beginning of harvest time
D.It indicated when the Nile would flood
4.Once the Egyptians realized the significance of the heliacal rising of Sirius, what change did they make to their
agricultural calendar?
A.They made each month exactly 30 days.
B.They shortened the length of the year
C.They added a religious festival date to celebrate the heliacal rising of Sirius
D.They allowed the number of months in the year to vary.
5.What are two points the professor made about the administrative calendar?
Click on 2 answers
A.It included more religious festivals than did the other calendar
B.It was used for scheduling tax payments
C.It had the same number of days every year
D.It used the Moon to determine the beginning of the year
11. What is the professor explaining when she says this?
A.The weakness of the Egyptian bureaucracy
B.The Egyptians' motivations for developing a second calendar
C.The importance of accurately predicating when the Nile would flood
D.The problems that result from using two calendars.
T18-2 Art Roman sculpture
T18-3 European History Spice
T19-4 Cecilia Beaux
T21-4 Alice Neel
expressionist [ik'spreʃəәnist] adj. 表现主义的
portrait ['pɔrtrɪt, -,tret, 'por-] n. 肖像, 画像
1.What aspect of Alice Neel's work does the class mainly discuss?
!The ways that her artistic style developed over time
!The influence of photography on her portraits
!The style she used to portray her subjects
!Criticism of her approach to Realism and Expressionism
2.What point does the professor make about photography and portraiture in the twentieth century? !Painters began to produce more lifelike portraits in imitation of photography.
!Photography largely replaced the tradition of portrait painting.
!Photographers followed the style of portrait painters in creating their work.
!Both photography and portrait painting were considered inferior art.
3.According to the professor, what two aspects of Neel's work are characteristic of Expressionism? Click on 2 answers
!The depiction of unusual object
!The way the subjects' faces are portrayed
!The shape of the subjects' bodies
!The use of color in the paintings
4.According to the professor, why did Neel paint portraits?
!She felts that it was the best way to represent a time period.
!She enjoyed the technical challenge of painting portraits.
!She found that it was too difficult to earn a living painting abstract art.
!She followed the lead of Expressionist painters who also painted portraits.
5.Why does the professor discuss the variety of people in Neel's portraits?
!To explain why it took Neel a long time to find her characteristic style
!To explain why Neel experimented with genres other than portraiture
!To identify elements of Realism and Expressionism in Neel's paintings
!To emphasize a distinctive feature of Neel's body of work
6.Why does the professor say this:
!To influence the students' opinions about Alice Neel's work
!To suggest that Alice Neel created her best paintings late in her career !To reinforce the fact that Neel's work was not appreciated
!To show that Alice Neel's situation was similar to his own
T22-C2 music history professor
T22-4 music。