and与but用法
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最新And 与 but 的用法
一、and的用法
and是一个极为普通的连词,被用来连接语法上同类的词、短语或句子。初学者一碰到and,往往理解为“和”,其实and意义丰富,可表示各种不同的关系。
1.表示并列,译为“和;与;以及;并”。如:Sit where you can see and hear well./ He felt cold and hungry.
2.表示连贯,可译成“就;可是;然后;后来”等。如:The two women lay down and soon fell asleep./ He studied technology in his spare time and became a lawyer.
3.表示递进,可表示“并且;而且;甚至”等意思。如:She works quickly and accurately./ The Chinese workers have the ability to do what others can do and what others can not do.
4.表示转折或对比,可表示“而;但;却”等意思,相当于yet或but。如:I gave her $10 and yet she was not satisfied./ He is lazy and his brother is diligent.
5.表示因果、结果,意为“所以;因此;因而;以致”。如:He took some medicine and was sick./ He was sick and he took some medicine.
6.表示目的。如:I'll go and fetch some water./ Run and tell him to come here at once.
二、but 的用法
but 一词既可作连词、介词、副词用,又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法,现对其用法作以下归纳。
1、用作连词
1). 用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,可是”解。例如:
She is young but very experienced. 她虽然年轻但经验丰富。
2). 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成。例如:
I'm sorry, but I disagree with you. 对不起,我不同意你的意见。
3). 用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面的否定词形成对比,作“无……而不……”解。如:
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆。
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.
我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活。
2、用作介词
1). 与 no , nobody , nothing , none , who 等词连用,作“除……之外”解,用来排除同类中的一分子,或从整体中除去一部分。例如:
Nobody knew her but me. 除我以外,没有人认识她。
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan. 这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处。
2). but 前面有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to ;其前没有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的不定式要带 to 。例如:
We had no choice but to wait. 除了等待,我们别无选择。
He did nothing all day long but watch TV. 一整天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做。
3). 与 last , next 及 one , two 等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解。例如:
Jack was the last but one to arrive. 杰克是倒数第二个到达的。
3、用作副词
1). 意思上相当于 only ,后面跟名词或动词。例如:
Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个孩子。
We can but try now. 我们现在只有尝试一遍。
2). but 出现在too … to …结构前面时,不定式含肯定意义。例如:
I'm but too glad to go there with you. 我非常高兴和你一起去那里。
4、含 but 的习惯用语
1). but for = without ,意为“要不是;如果没有”,意思上相当于一个虚拟条件句。例如:
But for the rain (If it hadn't rained), we would have had a pleasant journey.
要不是天下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了。
But for your help, we couldn't have carried out the plan.
如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划。
2). but that = except that ,意为“若非;要不是”,引导虚拟条件状语从句。例如:
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.
要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。
3). but then = on the other hand ,意为“不过;在另一方面”。例如:
London is a noisy place, but then it's also a place where you get the best entertainment. 伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。
4). nothing but = only ,意为“只;不过是”。例如:
We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。
5). n ot … but …意为“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等。例如:
My bag is not black but red. 我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的。
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.
他失败了,不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力。
6). no … but 意为“没有……不……”。例如:
No child but likes Old Li in our village. 没有孩子不喜欢我们村里的老李。
7). not only … but also … 意为“不但……而且……;既……又……”,连接两个并列成分。例如:Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting. 不但你而且她也得参加这次会议。
He not only teaches us English but also does other things for us.
他不但教我们英语,而且还为我们干别的事情。
8). not that … but that …意为“不是因为……而是因为……”。例如:
Not that the car is out of order, but that I've not learned to drive.
不是汽车出了故障,而是我还没有学会开车。
9). can't help but do … 意为“不能不……;忍不住……”。例如: