中考英语阅读理解专题辅导 05：阅读理解专项突破-中考英语阅读类题型专项突破(解析版)

阅读理解专项突破

阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧

细节题

●知识点：细节理解题的基本要求和特点

初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。

细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。

●知识点：设题方式

1) 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。

2) 常见的命题方式

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?

2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

3.What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

4.The author mentions all of the following except . . .

5.The reason for . . .is . . .

6.The author states that . . .

7.According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. )...?

8.Which of the following is right?

9.Which of the f ollowing is not mentioned?

10.Choose the right order of this passage .

11.From this passage we know _______.

词义猜测题

●知识点：词义猜测的基本要求和特点

所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。

●知识点：常见的命题方式

1. What does the word “_____”in ..... mean?

2. It can be inferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断）(from th e passage) that the word“_____”means _____.

3.The word ...implies （意味，暗示）that _____.

4. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word?

5. what do you think of the expression _______ stands for?

6. The word “_____ ” in the passage probably means ________.

7. In this story the underlined word “ ” means _______.

●例题

例1.根据释义猜测

The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom.

What is the mea ning of “degrees of separation” in Paragraph 2?

A. The chain to connect people

B. The relations between people

C. The steps of knowing strangers

D. The separation between strangers.

【答案】A

例2.根据同义词和反义词猜测

It not only spawned over 104,000 active discussions, but also brought about care about what means a healthy body image.

The underlined word spawned in Paragraph 4 probably means _______.

A. led to

B. put out

C. talked about

D. looked into

【答案】A

【解析】根据此句的结构n ot only…but also可知spawned与brought about同义，bring about意为“带来”，可推知A选项led to“导致”正确

例3. 根据构词法猜测

Some students who steal essays (论文) wholesale from the Web, they said, are so lazy they don’t even bother to take the advertisements off the cut-and-pasted text.

The underl ined word “wholesale” in the 2nd paragraph possibly means _____.

A. for sale in large quantities

B. completely copying others’ work

C. in unlimited amounts

D. in too large numbers from cutting and pasting

【答案】：B

【解析】wholesale中的whole意为“整个”，可以推知此句是完全剽窃的意思。学科~网

主旨大意题

知识点：主旨大意类题目的特点

主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。

这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。