中考英语不规则动词名词形容词副词形式变换 (1)

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不规则动词

型（无变化的动词）

cut-cut-cut let-let-let hit-hit-hit put-put-put cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt read/ri d/-read[red]-read[red]

型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat-beat-beaten

型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come-came-come

become-became-become

run-ran-run

型（动词的过去式与过去分词相同）

（1）词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”

build-built-built lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent

burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned

mean-meant-meant

（2）把原形变为aught及ought的变化（如果原形有a则是aught，无a则是ought）

buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought

fight-fought-fought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught

（3）eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词

keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left

say-said-said meet-met-met spell-spelt-spelt

smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled hold-held-held feel-felt-felt

（4）其他

dig-dug-dug find-found-found stand-stood-stood

understand-understood-understood get-got-got sit-sat-sat

spoil-spoilt-spoilt have/has-had-had sell-sold-sold tell-told-told hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung hear-heard-heard make-made-made

pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid lie（说谎）-lied-lied lose-lost-lost

shine-shone/shined-shone/shined win-won-won shoot-shot-shot

型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）

（1）in、im的变化（i-a-u型）

sing-sang-sung ring-rang-rung begin-began-begun

drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk

（2）在动词原形后加－n或－en构成过去分词

①ow及aw的变化（过去式以ew结尾，过去分词以wn结尾）

draw-drew-drawn know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown

blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown fly-flew-flown

②元音是i的开音节的变化（过去分词以en结尾）

drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden

write-wrote-written give-gave-given

③其他

see-saw-seen eat-ate-eaten take-took-taken fall-fell-fallen freeze-froze-frozen show-showed-shown break-broke-broken

speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken choose-chose-chosen

forget-forgot-forgotten lie（躺，放）-lay-lain wear-wore-worn

be（am，is，are）-was/were-been

（3）其他

go-went-gone do-did-done

6.有过去式，没有过去分词的动词

can-could may-might must-must shall-should will-would

不规则名词复数形式

1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数

（1）加－s，如：

belief-beliefs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs

（2）去f，fe加－ves，如：

half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves

thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves

歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）

去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改－f（e）为v，再加－es，其他的以－f（e）结尾的名词则直接加－s变复数。

2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数

（1）加s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos

（2）加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes

歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这四个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。

3.表示“国家”的名词变复数

Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen

Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians

Canadian-Canadians American-Americans

歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余后面（如German等）加s。

4.以复数形式出现的名词