Unit 4 语法讲解

Two Grammar
一、过去分词短语作状语
过去分词由“动词+ ed”构成，具有动词的特征及形容词和副词的功能，过去分词短语作状语可表示原因、条件、时间、让步等，它的作用相当于一个状语从句，与句子的主语之间是被动关系。

1.作原因状语,相当于as，since, because引导的从句，多放于句首。

e. g. Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
(被自然美景迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。

）
2.作条件状语，相当于if, unless引导的从句，多放于句首。

e. g. Given another chance, he will do better.
(再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

）
3.作时间状语,相当于when引导的状语从句，通常放于句首；如果两个动作同时发生, 可在分词前用when, while等使其时间意义更明确。

e. g. Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful.
(从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。

）
【注意】作时间状语时，过去分词如果同时表被动和完成，常可换用现在分词的完成被动式;过去分词如果只表被动，不表完成，则不可与现在分词的完成被动式换用。

e. g. Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last.
(在讨论了多次之后，问题终于解决了。

）（过去分词既表被动又表完成）
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
(从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。

）（过去分词只表被动）
4.作让步状语，相当于though, although引导的从句，常放在句首。

e. g. Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
(尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

）
【注意】（1)过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致，它们之间存在着被动关系。

e. g. Given better attention, the trees could grow better.
(若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。

）
(2)有时为了明确时间、条件、让步或原因等，分词前可加连词when，while, if, unless, once, as, until, although 等0 e. g. Sugar, when mixed with water, dissolves quickly.
(糖与水混合很快就溶解。

）
Although tired, I must go on working.
(我虽然累了，但必须继续干。

）
二、重要语言点
1.One small drive-in hamburger stand in California bought not one but eight of these expensive machines.
加利福尼亚州的一家“免下车”汉堡店买了八台这种昂贵的机器而不是一台。

连词词组not…but..•意为“不是……而是……”，连接相同类型的结构，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。

e. g. The meal is not for one, but for many to enjoy.
(这顿饭不是为一个人做的，而是供大家享用的。

）
Not the teacher, but the students are looking forward to seeing the film.
(不是老师，而是学生们期待看这部电影。

）
2.Kroc suggested that they should set up more outlets, but the brothers were happy with their life and did not want to expand further.
克劳克建议他们多开几家分店，但兄弟俩对他们的生活很满足，并不想进一步扩大生意。

当suggest意为“建议;提议”时，后面所接宾语从句的谓语动词用“（should)+动词原形”；当suggest意为“表明；暗示”时，宾语从句的谓语动词用真实语气。

e. g. We suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.
(我们建议他去向他的老师道歉。

）
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
(他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。

）
I . Complete the following sentences with the given verbs in their proper forms.(用所给动词的适当形式填空。

）
1._________(exhaust) by the climbing, the old man was determined to get to the top of the hill.
2.When_________( visit) in spring, the hills are covered with flowers.
3._________(see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
4._________(face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
5._________(invite) into a Naxi home, you should accept with pleasure.
6._________(bear) and _________(bring) up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.
7._________(know) as one of the loveliest places in China, Yunnan is now visited by
many tourists.
8.When_________(offer)help，one often says “Thank you. ’’ or “It’s kind of you. ”
9._________ (put) into use in April 2004, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
10.If_________(give) something, you don't want to eat, just refuse politely.
n.Translation.(翻译。

)
1.面临这么多问题，我们没能按时完成任务。

(Faced)
_______________________________________________________________
2.当被问及发生了什么的时候，他低下了头。

（Asked)
_______________________________________________________________
3.被一群年轻人围着，这位老人感到很高兴。

(Surrounded)
_______________________________________________________________
4.她不是在玩电脑游戏，而是在吃巧克力。

(not ------but-------)
_______________________________________________________________
5.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。

（suggest)
______________________________________________________
参考答案：
Part Two Grammar I . 1. Exhausted 2. visited 3. Seen 4. Faced
5.Invited
6. born；brought
7. Known
8. offered
9. Put 10. given II. 1. Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
2.Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
3.Surrounded by a group of young people, the old man felt happy.
4.She is not playing computer games but eating chocolate.
5.The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.。