当代语言学的第一题英文及答案

Chapter1

nguage touches every part of our lives; it gives words to our thoughts, voice to our ideals,

and expression to our feelings. It is a rich and varied human ability-one that we can use without even a thought, that children seem to acquire automatically, and that linguists have found to be complex yet describable.

2.Linguistics is the study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including

phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Chapter2

1.Linguistic knowledge as represented I n the speaker’s mind is called a grammar. Linguistic

theory is concerned with revealing the nature of the mental grammar which represents speaker, knowledge of their language.

Grammar as viewed here is different from the usual notion of grammar.

2.Grammar is the ability to use structures accurately, meaningfully, and appropriately.

Chapter 3

1.Phonetics provides the means for describing speech sound; phonology studies the way In

which speech sounds from systems and patterns in human language. The phonology of a language is then the system and pattern of the speech sounds. We see that the word phonology is thus used in two ways, either as the study sound patterns in language or as the sound pattern of a language.

Chapter4

1.Morphology is the study of word-making and word-making. On the one hand, morphology

examines meaning relationships between words and the ways in which these connections are indicated. On the other, morphology looks sat how grammatical relationships between words are marked. Different language focus on different word relationship, and they make use of different patterns of making.

2.The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed, is

called morphology.

Chapter 5

1.Syntax is the subfield of linguistics that studies the internal structure of sentences and the

relationship among their component part.

Chapter 6

More interest is the fact that languages differ in inflectional systems: case systems, for example. We find that these are fairly rich in Lain, even more so in Sanskrit or Finnish, but minimal in English and invisible in Chinese.

Chinese and English, for example, may have the same case system as Latin, but the phonetic realization is different. Furthermore, it seems that much of the variety of language can be reduced to properties of inflectional system.

Chapter7

1.Normally human beings do not produce utterances for the sake of the phonetic,

phonological and grammatical features. Utterances are produced because they convey meaning.

2.Semantics as a subfield of linguistics is the study of meaning in language. Semantics deals

with the meaning words, and how the meanings of sentences are derived from them.

Chapter8